For the first time, researchers found particles with mass only when they move in one direction.

"An illustration of the calculated structure of ZrSiS near the crossing points of its structure, showing a semi-Dirac point as a black sphere on the left. Data points as purple dots support the existence of semi-Dirac fermions in ZrSiS material with the characteristic B2/3 power-law behavior on the right. Credit: Yinming Shao / Penn State. Adapted from Physical Review X (2024). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041057" (Phys.org, Particle that only has mass when moving in one direction observed for first time)

"For the first time, scientists have observed a collection of particles, also known as a quasiparticle, that's massless when moving one direction but has mass in the other direction. The quasiparticle, called a semi-Dirac fermion, was first theorized 16 years ago, but was only recently spotted inside a crystal of semi-metal material called ZrSiS. The observation of the quasiparticle opens the door to future advances in a range of emerging technologies from batteries to sensors, according to the researchers." (Phys.org, Particle that only has mass when moving in one direction observed for first time)

A photon is a particle without mass. The image of that particle tells that there is a ring-looking structure. That structure might tell why a photon has no mass. When we think that the photon is the donut-shaped thing that has no mass that thing can explain why there is no mass in the photon. 

The quantum field surrounds that ring-shaped structure and if that field rolls that effect can cause a situation that the donut-shaped quantum field or "donut-shaped wormhole" drives outcoming quantum fields through the center of the photon. That thing can cause a situation. Where there is an energy stability on the photon. The photon hovers in the donut-shaped field that delivers and receives as much energy. That means the photon hovers in the quantum field. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

Theoretically is possible that photons that are in the row can make the wormhole through the universe. That structure requires that photons are in stable positions. 

In gravitational models, the quantum fields travel to the gravitational centers. That effect causes a situation in which wave movement travels faster than particles. And that forms the electromagnetic shadow ahead of the particle. That electromagnetic or quantum shadow is the lower energy area in the universe. That area acts like all other lower energy areas. That causes an effect that we know as gravitation. 

The reason why dense materials are heavier than thin is that the field can touch them better than the thin material. In thin materials is so much space that the wave movement cannot touch it. In dense objects, there are more structures there the wave movement can touch. That makes the electromagnetic shadow deeper ahead of the dense materials. 

Ball-shaped objects act always the same way. There is a small point even in singularity where there is no gravity. When an object drops through ball-shaped things like Earth there is always a lower mass in its trajectory. And in the middle of the ball is no mass that can pull the particle ahead. And sooner or later the particle will stuck in the middle of the ball.  That point exists in all ball-shaped objects in the universe. 

So when a particle travels to the gravity center energy shadow that faster-moving wave movement forms ahead of particles forms energy shadow. That pulls particles ahead. Or the higher energy level behind the particle pushes it ahead. The wormhole would be the extremely long electromagnetic shadow through the universe. 

Without that shadow, the particle has no mass. The idea of mass is that quantum fields are removed or turn weaker around the particle. And that thing causes quantum fields to travel to particles. 

The mass is like temperature. We can think that material has mass when quantum fields travel to it. So the mass forms when the energy field travels to the particle. If the particle sends energy away it has no mass. 

So if the particle has mass only when it travels to some direction that means there can form the cold area in one direction in the particle. 

A particle that has a mass only. When it travels in a certain direction is an interesting thing. That kind of particle must have a very special interaction and balance in interactions. The theory of gravity tells that the mass forms when a particle sends radiation or wave movement impulses.  The idea is that the spinning particle binds energy when the energy level turns high enough. 

That particle sends wave movement. Because the universe expands the quantum field around the particle turns weaker. And the particle forms a little quantum low energy area that pulls energy fields into it. Or the particle collects energy around its spinning axle there should be a small energy tornado. 

That energy tornado pulls energy asymmetrically to the spin axle. And then that thing forms the thing called gravity. The thing is that if that interaction happens only to another side of the particle. That thing causes an effect that the particle seems to have mass only on another side. The thing is that the interaction between particles and quantum fields makes the mass of the particle. 

https://phys.org/news/2024-12-particle-mass.html

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/