Evolution might not be as neutral as researchers previously believed.

"Emerging research reveals that organisms may never fully catch up to their changing environments, opening new questions about how evolution really unfolds. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, Evolution Is Not Neutral: New Study Challenges 60-Year Biology Theory)

Evolution bases the idea. That genetic mutation causes favorable or unfavorable changes in the species. When there are large beasts. In an area. The evolution starts to favor small-sized herbivorous animals. The outside effects are those beasts. They remove the large herbivores. From the population. That causes the enrichment. Of the genomes. Of small-sized herbivores. This means that. Some outside effects can cause. The enrichment of a certain type of genomes. And that can cause. That's some features. Of animals. Start to stand out. 

The outside effect can be the weather. Environment, epidemic, etc. But when evolution starts to enrich. Some types of genetic material. That causes mutations. Those mutations can be seen as a different living environment, a different shape, or a different behavior. This means that the members of the larger group can start discriminating against those mutated creatures. The genetic mutation can start. To create mutations. That makes the individuals look weird. In the eyes of the general population. 

This means the general population might not defend those minorities and think that they are “outsiders”. The genomes of the mutated bacteria. Might not fit. With genomes of the general groups. The large heritability might discriminate. Against their smaller companions. And that makes it hard to make descendants. Or the organism. That is adapted to a special ecosystem. Like living in caves without sunlight. Comes out of its cave. UV radiation can destroy that organism. Immediately. So, adaptation to an extreme environment can turn an organism unable to live outside that ecosystem. 

The ecosystem. That is a paradise for some species. It can be lethal for some other species.  The most common example. Among those things is a fish. Fish can live in water because they have gills. But if a fish comes out of the water, it dies quite soon. Here, I don’t handle things like lug fish. But if a human goes to the water. And tries to breathe there. Without scuba-diving equipment. Attempting to breathe underwater causes drowning. This is the description of natural evolution. 

But in the human-controlled evolution. The goal controls how researchers manipulate organisms and molecules. Sometimes those organisms are created that way. So that they have no ability to make descendants. Or they use some special nutrients that are not in natural environments. This is one thing that we must realize in the controlled evolution. The human-controlled evolution is never neutral. There are many things, like laws. That controls the evolution in laboratories. 

https://scitechdaily.com/evolution-is-not-neutral-new-study-challenges-60-year-biology-theory/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution

The AI that beats humans is at the door.

Mark Zuckerberg says that he wants to create an AI that is more intelligent than humans. The AI can have better cognitive skills than humans because they learn differently. Every skill that the AI has is like a macro in its memory. There is no limit for the number of those macros, or automatized actions that the computer stores into its memories. The limit is the memory storage. The AI will not forget humans. That makes it possible for the same robot can cook. 

Clean and make almost limitless numbers of operations without errors. If we want to make the AI that makes food for us we must create a huge number of variables for that thing. But there can be a shortcut to that problem. The AI can involve certain modules. So, if the user wants meatballs that AI downloads the meatball algorithm and databases to the robot. That makes it possible to make the system operations lighter. The databases or datasets can be created separately. 

Cognitive AI means that it can create a dataset independently. And for computers, each dataset is a certain skill that it has. 

The AI is the man-created alien. Are aliens already here? The fact is that if Mark Zuckerberg wants to build AI that is more intelligent than humans that thing is an alien. Human-made aliens are things like genetically engineered species and artificial intelligence. And then we can ask is artificial intelligence really intelligent? Can it think? The AI can do many things. It can advance its skills and it can learn from other AIs and from films. Turing’s test is the thing that measures the AI’s ability to think. 

The AI can mimic humans. It can transfer all movements that humans make to the human-shaped robot. That thing is the thing that makes the system seem intelligent. The cognitive skills that AI has made it possible to create learning systems that can control robots on the ground following certain parameters. When a robot fails in its mission the system also knows what it should not do next time. The physical robots are good subjects for modeling the cognitive systems. 

The AI can learn autonomously by using the same methods as humans. If it fails some mission that means there is an error. The cognitive system learns by using a method there failure means that the system must not try that thing again. Learning by mistakes is easy to explain by using a model where the AI controls a robot group. There are let’s say 5 paths that the robots can use for traveling from point A to point B. That AI sends a robot to make its mission. When a robot fails like falling into a canyon the system learns what it should not do with the next robot. 

The system creates the model of the landscape and then it creates the model of the path that the AI selects for the robot. When a robot succeeds in its mission the AI stores the data about the environment for the next time use. The system can also store the data about failures so that it knows what it should not do. Failures are also important for developers. The robot makers need knowledge about what caused their product failure. 

The robot should know how steep the slope the robot can rise. When we talk about robot success and things that the robot should not do, we must realize that the robots cooperate. The human-shaped robots can cooperate with flying quadcopters that send data about the landscape and other things that those robots require. 

But then we can think about AI as a mathematician. The system must also recognize the mission that it has. When the AI recognizes the mathematical formula, it can connect the data that it collected to that formula. The problem is this. If the mission is not well-explained AI will not simply understand that work. The AI must dare to say that thing. If the mission is not clear the AI must not try to make anything. The main problem with learning systems is this. They simply connect a new subprogram or macro in them. And that makes them look very intelligent. But the main question is: can that system think? 

For computers, every skill is a database or dataset. A learning system is described as a system that can get new skills and then link those skills with other skills. Or, otherwise, we can say that the self-learning system can create new datasets and link those datasets with other datasets. 

It can connect data and data frames into one entirety. But the fact is this. The AI simply mimics subjects. It seems that the subject makes something, and then the AI makes the same thing if it faces a situation that matches that case. But we humans also learn from mimicry. When we see that the teacher makes something at the front of the classroom we can mimic that thing. 

When we learn something new with teachers we simply mimic things that the teacher makes. And then we store that data model in our memory for the next time use it. That is the rigid model. The rigid model includes basics for some computer skills. And then we must simply connect that model with other things. This ability to interconnect that new model with other things makes it flexible. The model turns into a thing that is like an amoeba. 

The system can connect that new model to many other skills. When we talk about things like image processing programs, we can also connect skills that this program requires with things like writing skills. The fact is this: the AI must not do everything that the user wants. It must have the possibility to refuse to follow orders if the user wants to use it for criminal activities. The other thing is that the AI must have certain orders for what it must do. The AI must have the ability to use virtual models on the screens that it really makes when somebody gives certain orders. 

When we think about cases in which the robot acts as a mover there are some human-shaped mannequin statues that can cause a bad situation. If the mannequin statues are not well described to robots, that system can also transport humans to the lorry. In those cases, the AI must know all the details about their subjects. They must know that the mannequin statues are plastic and other details. 

The new bacteria tell us that life can be weirder than we can imagine.

"Rice scientists found bacteria that breathe by releasing electricity, revealing a natural process with major clean tech potential. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Bizarre Bacteria That “Breathe” Electricity Instead of Air)

If we want to find alien life, we don't need to search for it from another planet. We can find bizarre creatures on our planet. The electricity-breathing bacteria is a good example of that thing. 

Bacteria that breathe electricity instead of air can make new biosensors possible. Those bacteria push electrons into their surroundings. This allows them to eliminate the need for oxygen. This kind of bacteria can turn anaerobic environments and processes more effective. That kind of bacteria can keep those ecosystems in balance. That makes those bacteria very effective tools in bio- and nanotechnology. 

But it can also help to make models. About another planet's possible biospheres. The bacteria that don't need free oxygen are possible. There is lots of oxygen in the water. That means that bacteria must only break water molecules in their cell organelles so that they can live in water worlds. The thing is that those kinds of lifeforms can exist. 

"Possible signs of life on a distant planet? Not so fast. New research shows the signal might just be ordinary molecules, not alien biology. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Is It Alien Life – or Just Ethane? Scientists Reassess Webb Telescope Discovery)

"This artist’s impression shows what the faraway planet K2-18b, its host star and an accompanying planet in this system might look like. A new University of Chicago analysis has cast doubt on an earlier finding that concluded data showed evidence for life on the planet. Credit: ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser" (ScitechDaily, Is It Alien Life – or Just Ethane? Scientists Reassess Webb Telescope Discovery). 

The problem with that thing is distance. That means that life on that planet remains open. And we can discuss that thing endlessly. There was a little bit of ethane and dimethyl phosphine in the spectral analysis. Chemists can produce those compounds in the laboratory but they are also formed in biological processes. 

That means they might be far from things that we used to think or see. When we think about planets that are more than hundreds of light years away from Earth. We cannot be sure if there are some life forms. Before we visit that planet. The JWST telescope's new observations are things that cause discussions and divide opinions. The new observations tell us that those molecules can be just ethane, not biological processes. And then again, what were they before? 

There was ethane on some exoplanet (K2-18b) and that's it. Confirming those alien creatures' existence or non-existence requires far more advanced methods than even the JWST telescope can give. The JWST is an impressive tool. But it cannot find bacteria over hundreds of light years. On earth, ethane forms in biological processes. But it's possible to create that compound in the laboratory. 

The sign of dimethyl sulfide was much weaker than the ethane. But the main question is, why is that signal so weak? Did light travel through something that we cannot see? There are many things and a great distance between K2-18b and Earth. That means the measurements are difficult. Distance to that object is 124 ly. That means we see things that happened 124 years ago. And the primitive lifeforms are always hard to detect. 

But when we think about the bacteria that replace air using electricity. We face an interesting possibility. There is the possibility that somewhere on some other planet live organisms that use electricity to produce oxygen from their environment using electric processes. Theoretically bacteria or, why not, more complicated lifeforms can produce oxygen by using electric processes. The bacteria must have the ability to break water molecules in their cell organelles. That can happen by using electrolysis. 

Those kinds of organisms are not living on Earth. But maybe those things can live in some planet's atmosphere if there is enough water vapor. Those electric-eat bacteria should be investigated more because they could explain why some people are so tired. If that kind of bacteria is near the nervous system, it can make low voltage or disturb electric signals in the nervous channel or axons.

https://scitechdaily.com/is-it-alien-life-or-just-ethane-scientists-reassess-webb-telescope-discovery/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-bizarre-bacteria-that-breathe-electricity-instead-of-air/

Biocomputers will be man-made aliens.

If we want to make the biocomputers. We will make the modern Frankenstein. Computers that use cloned brains for thinking are man-made aliens. The most capable and dangerous systems that we can even imagine are in the sector of computing. 

Biological computers are a group of mini-brains. That is connected to computers. Human brains use quantum calculation methodology.  The thing that makes them so powerful is their ability to begin computing at many points at the same time. 

The image series shows how the system scales the mission for a larger number of data handlers. If one data handler does not get the correct answer, the system calls more units to work on that too-difficult mission. 

This makes the brain act as the qubit. In the brain, multiple neurons form the structure and layers that act like qubit states. Which makes brains so powerful. Then we can make a model, where the brain cells or neural centers in the human brain. Are replaced using mini-brains. Each mini-brain would be one neural center in the biological computer. The system can connect many mini-brains into one entirety. 

But then we can think about the thing called mini-brains. Minibrains are lab-grown miniature brains. They are created for testing neurological medicines. However, researchers teach those mini-brains to play things like ping-pong. The mini-brains communicate with traditional computers using microchips and sensors that can exchange information between those mini-brains and computers. 

Theoretically, there is no limit to how many mini-brains are connected to the computer. The system must give nutrients to those miniature brains that communicate with computers. The biological processors, or, mini-brains will get tired. And they need lots of nutrients. The system must have life support that removes waste from the mini-brains. 

When the system gives a mission to those mini-brains it can give the same time to the multiple mini-brains or biological data-handling units. The system can have two or three layers where those mini-brains work with the problem. When neurotransmitters go low in those systems, the system can change the operating layer. That allows the biological computer can operate non-stop. The system records the solution and drives it to another mini-brain group. 

Mini-brains are tools that can operate as vital parts of computers that are more intelligent than humans. Nothing denies researchers to connect adult-size human brains into one entirety. Computer-based EEG coders and decoders can make human brains communicate with computers that operate as neural networks. This kind of system requires the ability to code and decode the EEG signals. 

But if that thing is possible to make. The biological computer would be the most powerful machine in the data-handling sector. That we can create. This kind of system involves many risks and possibilities. But if we someday create this system we are making another intelligent organism, a man-made alien. 

Images: AI

https://aiandnaturaldemo.blogspot.com/2024/10/biocomputers-will-be-man-made-aliens.html

The hybridization of the living organism and machine.

The hybridization of the living organism and machine.

Prologue: the abductions

The abductions or UFO-kidnapping cases have caused some people, who are thinking about this kind of thing the reason might be the genetic experiment. But there might be some other thing, what the abductors would want from that person, who has been taken, or who have been visited. And that thing might be the memories, what those hypothetical abductors would use to create their tactics and equipment.

In this scenario, the UFO would be the full hybridization of the living organism and machine. That means that the abductor itself might be some kind of drone, and the controller, what might be the creature, what is living in zero-gravity conditions would control that drone. But exactly we don't know what UFO:s would be, and the abductions remain a mystery.

The thing is that the UFO might use the suction for pulling the targeted person into it, and that means that the famous "tractor ray" might be only the thing, that works like a giant vacuum cleaner. That system might use light to target that suction or the tube, and also cover the form of the thing, what is called UFO. In this text, UFO means simply the term UFO means only the aerial vehicle, which cannot be recognized.

What if the data, what is meant to teach colony would go to the hands of primitive humanoids?

Sometimes some futurologists have created an idea, that it is possible to use holograms to create intelligent lifeforms. In this case, the supercomputers would use holograms or messages, which are projected to the clouds, and then teach some species. And this thing has brought the more interesting idea, what might be someday true.

The thing is that the supercomputers could create intelligent lifeforms by using the massive holograms, which are shown to the bacteria or some other species, what will imitate the forms, what they feel. In this case, the probe, what would send to another solar system would teach the hypothetical aliens, how to become the civilization, and who knows, maybe we have been that species somewhere in the history.

There is one, a very silly hypothesis that some humanoid probe might drop to the Earth in history. In this case, the probe contained information, what was meant for the alien colony. The idea of this kind of system was created from the hypothesis, that maybe we would someday send the fetuses to another solar system, and when those colonialists would grow, the system will be teaching them by using the holograms, and there is theory what might look silly, that in somewhere at history, the ancient humans found that kind of information storage, where was the advises how to make walls and other kinds of things. And that information would begin the civilization on Earth. But this is an only theory without proving.

The hybridization with machines

In this case, this system would create the form of human brains by using the bioprinters, what would use the cells of the hive for creating a precise right form, and then the RNA molecule, which controls the advantage of the neurons would inject to those cells. And that molecule would turn them to neurons, what can feed on the nutrient, what comes from the platform. When we are thinking about the hybridization of the living habitat and machine, we must realize that if the spacecraft would carry only brains, that would eliminate the social problems.

The suitable RNA molecules can be stored in digital form, which means that the system would create the molecule by using nanotechnology. And when the crew of the spacecraft would send to the mission, what would take even millenniums, that means that the neurons would get old. And then the craft or its computer can make the new brains by using advanced biotechnology and genetic manipulation. After that, the memories would return to those brains by using the EEG-stimulation. The brains would control the craft, and they might feel that craft is part of them. The idea of this kind of thing is taken from the book, what name I don't remember.

So the thing is that the craft would use artificial brains to make the decision.  The same methodology would affect also to the robot groups. This kind of thing would be the extreme hybridization with a living creature and a technical system. This idea has been created from the neurocomputers. The simplest solution, what we can imagine is simply connected the human brains to the Internet, and that thing has brought the mind of the writers the Cylons from the TV series "Battlestar Galactica".

The thing is that the Cylons or robot civilization would need living brains for creating innovations and ideas. The robot civilization would steal children, and then take them to the space station, where their nervous system would be connected to the computers, and then the system would benefit the brain electricity of that creature. The idea of "Solar Warden" has been taken from this kind of theory. In this case, the robots would take the person, who they want to guide them to the space station, and then keep them extremely weak gravity, which denies them to return to the planet, and that would keep them in the trap.

Image:

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5CalynPFTmsoN6BbqSvCND9QI7RDHHjrdbhn29Oa9HLA1QMd8&s