Showing posts with label calculations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label calculations. Show all posts

Sunday, April 27, 2025

What if we put computers to think mathematically?



When we think about programming and the computer's memories every single memory unit in the computer hardware has a certain address. The artificial intelligence connects and disconnects those memory points into the new orders. And that can make a computing process that mimics thinking. Every single memory address is like a piece of the puzzle. If every single memory unit has a certain number that makes it possible to point certain points from the computer memory. 

When we think about things like thinking we could easily connect those memory units with orders that the large language model, LLM gets by using the numeric values of the memory units and then calculate them with the ASCII marks. In the ASCII system, every single mark on the keyboard has a numeric value. 

For example, the letter A has a numeric value 61 in decimal and 41 in hex. A little a (a) has values 97 in decimal and 61 in hex. That's why it's not the same as the letter big or small in passwords. The numeric system is also important. The hexadecimal ("Base-16" system where the 10 comes after 16) and regular decimals are different. 

In that system 10 is marked in the numeric line like this. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F,10. In binary system 10 comes after 9 like this. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.

Same way every single color has a numeric form in the computer memory. The system is known as RGB.  The system can use CCD cameras to make observations. 

Another thing is to use the values that fit to computer or programmer better. The color red can have a numeric value "200" and then the depth of that color can have 99 states. The system can turn every color into its own numeric value. 

The deepest red can be the 299. The data that CCD camera pixels give can be numeric. The system can see what numeric value every pixel gives and then it can make the model about things that it sees. So all data that travels into the system can turn into numeric. 



Token ring. If we think of this model as the computing cycle of the AI.  The system connects data into that data cycle. Every point in the cycle. There is the computer's image.

This can be the new way to handle large language models, LLMs are not to turn their mathematical models for words. The system can translate data that users input there into the mathematical model. Then the LLM starts to operate and process data in the mathematical form. That kind of thing can be lighter for computers than the words that we use. Mathematics is easier for computers, and when we think about the ability to turn words into mathematical form, we must remember that ASCII codes are basically numbers. Those numbers can sum, division, and multiplicate easier than words. 

That means the LLM can turn every single word that it has into numbers. Then that system can make calculations using the numbers. The ability to handle data in numeric form makes those systems more effective. The system can use the "token ring" type data handling, or computing model. The token ring model is known from data networks. However, the same model can introduce how the system surrounds data in it. Every time, when the system makes the data cycle it connects information into that data cycle. 

The system makes a certain number of calculations in every round. In those calculations, the system connects data from the sensors and memories in the data flow. The system doesn't need to show that information to the users before it drives it through the cycle as many times as ordered.


https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ascii-table/


https://www.quantamagazine.org/to-make-language-models-work-better-researchers-sidestep-language-20250414/


https://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGB_Color.html


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model


Thursday, November 14, 2024

Researchers think that Einstein's theories don't stand on the edge of the Universe.




"Gravitational lensing of distant galaxies by the galaxy cluster Abell 2390, observed by the Euclid satellite. © ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi" (Unige, Einstein’s equations collide with the mysteries of the Universe)


There is not very much research where the Theory of General Relativity is tested in extremely low gravity and energy levels. Those theories are well-tested around black holes. But there is not very much data about things like how gravity waves or some other waves or particles interact in conditions. Where energy travels out from them very fast. 

The edge of the Universe is a mysterious place. There the energy and material face lower than exists our Universe. Or otherwise saying the energy in our Universe faces a cosmic void. Energy travels from space filled with quantum fields and wave movement to the cosmic void or into cosmic nothing. That space is not possible in the Universe. There are no absolute vacuums in the Universe. That we know. That means energy can travel only out from the Universe. 

When we think about energy fields there is a thin string. Those strings are so-called time arrows (or arrows of time). The time arrow means the particle or energy beam that travels in the Universe. When that time arrow releases its kinetic energy. It transfers it to other particles. So when a time arrow travels forward, it pushes energy to particles around it. And then that thing pushes those particles back in time. 

Then we can think of the time arrows as energy fields that travel out from the point where the Big Bang happened. When the distance between the time arrow and the Big Bang turns longer. There is space between those energy strings. That space means that more energy will travel between those time arrows. And that space makes it possible for particles like photons to start to make curves between those time arrows, like energy beams and particles.  The energy level between those beams or time arrows turns lower. 

That means at the edge of the universe could be very extraordinary gravity waves. Those gravity waves can have a structure where they have two wavelengths. The normal gravity waves and other waves or strings connect them into one bigger entity. Or maybe there are so-called spiral gravity waves that travel forward like serpentines. But that is only theory. 

And that means the particles start to deliver energy or wave movement faster than previously. That means time travels faster in particles at the edge of the Universe. The edge of the universe is a mysterious place, as I wrote before. There the particle travels out from the universe to the place, where there is no energy at all. 

When we think about the shape of the Universe, we must realize that the Universe is a so-called false vacuum. The thing that limits the speed of light is for example quantum fields. Or scattering effect. When a particle travels from a false vacuum to a real vacuum there is nothing that can limit its speed. But the other thing is that energy travels out from the particle faster than in the Universe. Those things are not researched very much. 


https://www.unige.ch/medias/en/2024/les-equations-deinstein-se-heurtent-aux-mysteres-de-lunivers


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity


Friday, October 11, 2019

When coincidence destroys common

When coincidence destroys common

The location of the single gas atom is impossible to calculate because it is impossible to create the precise decimal number, which is marking the position and direction of vectors. That means we can put more and more numbers behind the dot, and this makes the calculating precise location of the particle in the 3D universe or space impossible. And here we can go to one of the most interesting things in the black holes and the mathematical formulas, that are using to create the most advanced simulations in theoretical calculation models.

The idea of the black holes is that they are the most dominating objects in the universe, and the particles are falling in that object without disturbing from the forces, what are caused by other objects. So if we would like to adjust those formulas, what is used for making predictions of the movements of atoms and molecules, but for that thing we should take the single, well distinct particle, where we can focus the system, and then we can compare the theoretical results, what the system would give to the results, what we can get from the real life.

This is one way to check those things. When we are creating the models, how the gas is acting in the universe, we must realize that those molecular clouds are the biggest objects in the universe, but the problem is that single molecules are extremely light.

So we can observe the entirety because the universe is so stable place, but the paradox is that it is full of radiation. Another thing in that in the case, where we would want to calculate the movements of the molecules, we can make the observations even hundreds of years, and then comes thing, what we can call as coincidence.

Coincidence can destroy every model in the world and this case, the explosion of supernova can turn the beautiful gas mass what we have observed even years in a couple of seconds, and in this case, the problem is that we cannot notice that kind of chances in the giant gas mass, what size is hundreds of light-years. When the electromagnetic shock-wave would hit to that nebula, it can turn it's the direction or cause the extremely big-size movements in the gas mass.

And this makes adjusting the calculations very difficult because we would want to find the stable gas mass, where are no pulsars or what is not influenced by the radiation, what comes out from impacting black holes and neutron stars. The thing is that we can say, that those phenomena are really interesting, and they give us very much information about the behavior of energy and other things like black holes.

But those coincidences are breaking the stability, what we are needing when we are adjusting calculations. If we want to make formulas and check how well they are fitting to the environment or real life, that means that this kind of testing needs extremely stable conditions.

When we are observing things like impacting black holes, there is a possibility, that this kind of phenomenon is really interesting, but they are not exactly very common cases in the universe. That kind of thing where we are observing billions and billions of particles, we are seeing those things like gamma-bursts all the time, but they are not very common cases.

People who are observing gamma-ray bursts are not making mathematical formulas is the common thing, what people are saying. The thing in the mathematical formulas is that people, who are working with those things are always needed or want the common cases and stable conditions. This means that things like intelligent life-forms and other things are not things, what those people want.

They are needing entirety without uncommon things, and that means they would want to observe the galaxy, where is no single star and every particle has the same size. And rather saying they would want to close that gas galaxy in the giant ball, where is not outer emission to that mass, what they want to use for checking their calculations. And here I must say one thing, we are always confused by coincidence.

Quantum gravity.

M-theory explains the universe as multiple layers. Our universe is on an M-brane. And each main brane involves multiple sub-branes. Those su...