The fifth force can hide in atoms.

"The Standard Model of physics doesn't account for everything we see. (ScienceAlert)

Researchers hunt for the fifth force. It is possible that the fifth force is the mirror gravitation. The idea comes from gravity’s special nature.  Gravity has no repelling effect, so can the mythical fifth force have only a repelling effect. And could that force be the key to understanding why electrons don’t fall to the atom’s nucleus? In that new model, the fifth force is the interaction between neutrons and the atom’s electron shells or electrons. 

In this model, the interaction between electron and proton and electron and neutron are separated. The fifth force could explain why dark matter became more dominating than visible material, but why does dark matter have only gravitational interaction with visible material? 

There is a possibility that the fifth force’s origin is in the subatomic particles like quarks or neutrons. If a particle looks like a whisk it can collect energy or wave movement from its environment.  So-called superstrings form that structure. That causes oscillation and that oscillation sends energy waves to the middle of the particle. When those strings oscillate they send wave movement in both directions in and out from particles. That packs energy into the particle until it can break itself out. 

There are four fundamental forces that we know. 

1 Gravity

2 Electromagnetism

3 Weak nuclear force

4 Strong nuclear force. 

So where should researchers look for the fifth force? One of the most promising places would be in atoms. Researchers know the electromagnetic interaction that is the interaction between an atom's nucleus and its electron core. But the interaction between positive protons and negative electrons has the dominating effect on that thing. The missing interaction is the interaction between neutrons and electrons. Neutrons are neutral particles. They have N and S poles and that makes a model where wave movement with N-polarity hits a neutron's S pole possible. Some kind of wave movement can leave from the neutron's equator. 

In that model, a neutron collects or focuses quantum fields from protons and then that energy flow causes radiation to the particle’s equator. The thing that makes the fifth force interesting is that force could be missing gravity’s pushing effect. An interesting thing is that gravity has no pushing effect. So the fifth force can be the missing “antigravity”. There is also another interesting detail in the neutron’s structure. Those particles exist only about 15 minutes (880 sec.) outside the atom. 

That thing means that it’s possible that the “fifth force” blows neutrons. There are only three quarks in a neutron. The higher energy down quarks-pair and one up quark. Energy flows from down quarks to up quarks. That can form the situation that the energy stretches a quantum field around those quarks. And that can cause vaporization in quarks. But when we observe atoms we must remember that we see them as entirety. We see all of those four fundamental interactions. And that means if we want to see the fifth force we must filter maybe all other forces away. 

All fundamental interactions have their own transmitter particle. They all have the wave movement form that wavelength depends on the size of the transmitter particle. So theoretically we could transform gravity straight to the electromagnetic wave movement if we have the right particle. The gravity wave is the energy ditch that travels in the universe. When that energy ditch faces a particle it pulls a little bit of energy out from the particle. That energy is the wave movement that is possible to catch. This is one of the things that can revolutionize our way of thinking about material. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-fifth-force-of-nature-may-have-been-discovered-inside-atoms

There is a mysterious carbon dioxide and peroxide in Pluto's Charon moon.

"Carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide have been detected on Charon through the James Webb Space Telescope. This breakthrough adds significant details to our understanding of the moon’s surface and its environmental processes. Credit: S. Protopapa/SwRI/NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JHUAPL" (ScitechDaily, Webb Telescope Uncovers Carbon Dioxide and Peroxide on Pluto’s Moon Charon)
 

Pluto and its moon Charon are very far away from Earth. There is almost no sunlight. And the temperature on their surface is almost zero kelvin. The chemical reactions are thought to be impossible in that distant, strange world. But the signs of CO2 and peroxides show that there are some kind of chemical reactions in those distant worlds. When we think about those distant dwarf planets called "plutoids" we must realize that conditions around and on those dwarf planets are different than on Earth.

In distant worlds near the Kuiper belt, those dwarf planets can collect atmospheres around them. Most of the solar wind particles are ions and anions that the dwarf planet can trap around it. Those particles can form an ion whirl around those small objects. That ion whirl acts similar way as the ion whirl acts around black holes. It forms the ion generator that forms the magnetic field around plutoids. And even if that magnetic field is weaker than around Earth the reaction that forms a magnetic field around Quaoar forms a magnetic field around black holes.

The conditions around Pluto, Charon, and Quaoar are not similar. The reason why Quaoar has a ring system, but Pluto does not is the Charon's and Pluto'smutual gravity effect that denies ring formation. Quaoar is a lone dwarf planet and that means its clear gravity center in its environment. 

"Artist impress of Quaoar rings. Credit: Paris Observator" (ScitechDaily, Space Mystery: Unexpected New Ring System Discovered in Our Own Solar System)

The thing is that the gas layer or atmosphere around the low-gravity objects is not stable. Things like energy impulses from the Sun or outside the solar system or flyby the large asteroid or cosmic impact can strip that ion curtain from around the dwarf planet. And that's why all dwarf planets in the Kuiper Belt don't have those thin atmospheres. 

Gas pressure around Pluto is <0,01 kPa, but that allows ions and anions to move freely. Ions and anions pull each other together even in low-pressure conditions. That thing can form CO2 and more complicated chemical compounds. 

The thin atmosphere that forms when those objects pull gas and ions around them remains because the solar wind will not blow those atoms and ions away.  The gas pressure is so low that it's hard to reach in the laboratory. That gas and ion layer forms a magnetic field around plutoids. And it causes things like ring systems around those objects. An example of those systems is the dwarf planet Quaoar which has a similar, but smaller ring system than Saturn. 

If those objects are closer to the Sun the solar wind blows them away. In those low-pressure conditions gas and ions are near the quantum condition. In that low-pressure condition ions and anions pull each other together. The weak sunlight gives them the energy to travel against each other. And if as an example the carbon ion faces an oxygen anion that thing can cause a chemical reaction that forms carbon dioxide. The reaction is similar to that on Earth. But some fewer ions and anions participate in it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/space-mystery-unexpected-new-ring-system-discovered-in-our-own-solar-system/

https://scitechdaily.com/webb-telescope-uncovers-carbon-dioxide-and-peroxide-on-plutos-moon-charon/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto

The image of an atom's internal structure and form of gravity waves.

 

The first image of an atom's internal structure is published. That image might open the models for how things like gravity form when we think of the model where the gravity center pulls quantum fields into it. When quarks and gluons are spinning, that effect means that the spinning subatomic particles tie the quantum field into it. 

Then that energy field will travel to the spin axle. There it travels out from the particle. This means that the gravity center doesn't create gravity. It just ties the quantum field into its structure and possibly aims it away. The problem with this model is how to explain where the gravity center puts that energy, and the best guess is that it just aims that energy into the spin axle. 

Then we can go to think about the strongest gravity fields in the universe. The black hole and its event horizon are the things. That makes the so-called information paradox. The idea is that the black hole traps or freezes the information on the event horizon. But then the expansion of the black holes along with the gravity waves destroy that thing.  

When the black hole sends a gravity wave, it sends part of itself to the universe. Models suggest that the gravity wave's origin is just outside the event horizon.  Escaping gravity wave creates the lower energy area or quantum low-pressure area around the black hole. And that pulls energy out of it. 

"For the first time, quarks and gluons were used to describe properties of atomic nuclei, which until now had been explained by the existence of protons and neutrons. The temporary pair of correlated nucleons is highlighted in purple. Credit: IFJ PAN" (Phys.org, First coherent picture of an atomic nucleus made of quarks and gluons)

A gravity wave is a wave in the Higgs field, which is the base energy level in the universe. The thing like the superstring on the spinning particle acts like the hill or threshold that pushes energy to that wave. Gravity waves are like a ditch in the Higgs field. The higher energy point at the front of that lower energy area can explain the special feature of the gravity wave.

We can explain the gravity waves as a series of waves that have a very high frequency. If the bottom of those energy ditches is lower than the energy hill that ditch takes more energy than the hill can give to the particle. And that pulls the object to the gravity center. 

When we think about things like gravity waves and singularity we can say that the black hole's singularity is not perfectly smooth. There are little valleys and the fast-spinning object creates the lower energy areas at the points of those valleys. That means energy travels out from the singularity in those points. And that can cause a black hole oscillation or eruption, where it sends gravity waves. 

The gravity wave doesn't need singularity to form. The superstring. That is anchored just outside the event horizon can create the quantum pressure wave to the Higgs field. 

The thing is that gravity waves can also form when things like superstrings touch the gravity or Higgs field. The thing is that the black hole's gravity waves can form at the event horizon. The event horizon locks the superstrings around it. And when that structure spins it creates the waves to the Higgs field or whatever we want to call the minimum energy field in the universe. 

When we think about the atom's core and proton's and neutron's internal structure there are quarks and gluons. Gluons move between quarks, and that thing forms quantum channels between quarks and quarks and gluons. The gluons and spinning quarks pull energy out from those channels, forming a quantum vacuum that keeps those quarks and gluons as one entirety. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-hole-information-paradox-solved/

https://phys.org/news/2024-10-coherent-picture-atomic-nucleus-quarks.html#google_vignette

Which one was a first egg or chicken?

Helix Nebula in visible light. 

Two forces affect the planetary nebula. Those forces are electromagnetic forces of the giant plasma cloud. The shine of those particles is electromagnetic radiation that pushes particles away from each other. The electromagnetic interaction affects two directions. It can push, and it can pull objects. 

Another force is gravitation. That pulls particles together. The symmetry of those forces. Or repelling and pulling effects determines if there is a possibility that some kind of stars or planet form in those nebulas. 

The electromagnetic force between ions or monopolar particles that have the same polarity pushes those particles away from each other. the electromagnetic force between anions and ions is pulling particles together along with gravitation. 

When we look at the Helix nebula above this text, we see the shine. Image one is taken by using visible light. And the second one is in the infrared wavelength. That is the emission radiation of ions and anions. The supernova remnant in the middle of the nebula adjusts the atoms to a higher energy level. The shine comes from atoms that are adjusted from a higher energy level. That shine causes the repel of those ions if they are all ions. The electromagnetic emission radiation pushes particles away from each other and denies the form of stars. So there must form some center in the nebula, before the formation of stars begins. 

The center can be electromagnetic. In that case, the anion can slip into the ion plasma. And start to grow material around it. Or some other thing causes the disturbance that starts the formation of stars. That center must have so powerful pulling force, that it will win the electromagnetic repelling force of the particles. That have the same polarity. 

Helix Nebula in the infrared image. 

We all know the question: "Which one was a first egg or chicken?". When we are talking about rogue planets that are wandering around the galaxy, we can ask "which one was first, star or planet?"

When a rogue planet wanders into a galaxy. And when it faces the planetary nebulas that planet is creating a disturbance when it pulls that material to it. The movement trajectory of that material is similar to neutron stars or black holes. But the effect is weaker. 

That thing causes the whirls and impacts in that nebula. And impacted particles are forming the gravitational centers. 

Those gravitational centers are making the material pile up at those points. So the gravitational effect of exoplanets is making it possible that the stars and planetary systems to start forming. 

Mainly the term "Planetary nebula" means nebulas where lots of heavy elements. or their origin in exploded stars. Every heavier-than-hydrogen element in the universe formed in the fusion reaction in the stars. Without those elements, forming of planets is not possible. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rogue-planets-captured-by-stars/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula