Black holes might not be as bottomless as researchers thought.

“Artist impression of SwiftJ1727 with donor jet clouds. Credit: John A. Paice & Noel Castro Segura et al, (2026)” (ScitechDaily, Black Holes May Not Be the Bottomless Pits We Imagined”

New observations about black holes suggest that their appetites might not be as endless as once thought. The material disk and the black hole’s halo transport a large part of material into the black hole’s poles. Material in that high-energy environment is in plasma form. And magnetic fields can transport plasma. This forms a relativistic jet of the black hole. Even black holes. They do not have magnetic fields. But. Plasma around them acts like a generator. This effect accelerates plasma around that object toward its poles. 

When we think about the black hole’s internal structure. The field that travels into the event horizon. It continues its movement. Following. A spiral trajectory. The structure is very tight. But there is a space, or so-called microvacuums, in that structure. Those microvacuums allow those waves to form, well, waves. Entropy in that structure is very low. But that entropy still exists. And that entropy forms the quakes in that field. 

There is a possibility that between those waves or strings. There is a quantum-level tunnel. And those tunnels. They can allow that extremely small, high-energy particle. It could send almost a straight wave string away from the black hole. The idea is that if the fields have a small space between them. That space can offer a route for a tiny quantum string to escape from that monster. If. Gravitation is a phenomenon there.

Quantum fields transport objects into the gravitational center. If. There is space between those fields. They cannot transport particles that are at that point. There is a possibility. That there are so-called quantum vacuums in the black hole’s gravitational field. Or even in its singularity. Those quantum bubbles. They can cause quakes in those structures. This quake destroys the black hole sooner or later. When a star collapses, there are always small microvacuums or quantum bubbles in the field. Those quantum vacuums or quantum bubbles exist. Even if material is extremely degenerate, those bubbles are smaller than quarks. 

So, could those quantum bubbles be the same, or have a similar effect? As a mythical graviton? If those quantum bubbles exist. They form lower-energy points in the black hole’s structure. And if a graviton is the miniature black hole. It could have a similar relativistic jet. With. Larger black holes. 

That. Quantum-size relativistic jet. It could have. A diameter smaller than the bonds between quarks. That could explain why Hawking radiation is so hard to prove. This jet seems stringy when researchers see it from outside. If. That string travels along a straight line. It’s very hard to see. There is no bremsstrahlung radiation. This string could have a spring-shaped form. That means. It sends bremsstrahlung radiation. So small-scale that it's impossible to see.  

When that spring travels out from the black hole. A recoil forms in space. In that structure. Even if the scale of those phenomena is not very large. 

The energy level and density in that area are very high. Every phenomenon turns very strong. When. It happens in a high-energy environment. 

There is a model. There, the graviton is a particle inside each particle. This means that bonds between elementary particles. They are actually relativistic jets from those quantum-size black holes. 

The black hole doesn’t destroy material. It is like a stomach. It transforms material into another form. All black holes send some radiation. That radiation comes from the material disk and its halo. But there is a possibility that some radiation can escape from inside the black hole. If. Some particle or the so-called quantum vacuum starts to spin. It could form a situation where it turns quantum fields. 

Into a form that looks like a screw. This means that the quantum vacuum forms a structure. That looks like a relativistic jet. That structure could have such a small diameter. That even bonds between quarks seem giant. That thing could explain so-called Hawking’s radiation. That effect can also explain some very interesting details in the form of gravitation. If. That structure exists. It acts like a Doppler cooler. 

When it travels through atoms or particles. It. Transports energy out from it. This makes the particle cooler. And when energy escapes from the particle. It binds energy or quantum fields from around it. And that can explain how quantum gravitation works. 

https://scitechdaily.com/black-holes-may-not-be-the-bottomless-pits-we-imagined/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_cooling

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Exploding white dwarfs and neutron stars uncover primordial black holes.

“Primordial black holes may pass through white dwarfs and ignite a subset of Type Ia supernovae. New models suggest these hidden encounters could reproduce observed explosion signatures while leaving distinctive chemical traces across the Milky Way. Credit: SciTechDaily.com. “(ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

It is possible that so-called hidden black holes can trigger white dwarf explosions. The so-called primordial black holes could be very small. They can form a shell that resembles a planet or even a dwarf planet. Those very small black holes can sometimes impact white dwarfs. Or even neutron stars or magnetars. When a small primordial black hole impacts a white dwarf. 

This event causes a strong nuclear reaction. The carbon atoms in the white dwarf melt together. That primordial black hole is so small that it cannot pull the white dwarf into it in one bite. The black hole rips the white dwarf into pieces. And turns it into liquid or gas. Before. It pulls that matter inside it.

The white dwarf does not involve van der Waals bonds. Atoms, mainly oxygen and carbon, are very close together. That causes collapse in their electron shells. Those atoms are actually in the form. They are extremely ionized. If some energy impact, like a GRB or FRB, hits that thing. It can cause a Type 1a supernova. 

“Schematic Illustration of a Primordial Black Hole Passing Through a White Dwarf. Schematic illustration of the primordial black hole passing through a white dwarf. Along its trajectory, the gravitational force of the passing black hole creates tidal heating. “(ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

“To the surrounding matter inside the white dwarf. As the heated matter reaches the threshold temperature (<~0.5 billion Kelvin), the hydrostatic carbon burning will exceed the neutrino cooling, creating an uncontrolled burning. “(ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

When. The burning zone is large enough. The heated matter can form. A local thermonuclear runaway which triggers the later Type Ia supernova explosion. Credit: Generated using Gemini AI (Banana Pro)) (ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

“A Type Ia supernova (read: "type one-A") is a supernova that occurs in binary systems (two stars orbiting one another) in which one of the stars is a white dwarf. The other star can be anything from a giant star to an even smaller white dwarf. ” ”(Wikipedia, Type 1a Supernova)

“Physically, carbon–oxygen white dwarfs with a low rate of rotation are limited to below 1.44 solar masses (M☉). Beyond this "critical mass", they reignite and in some cases trigger a supernova explosion; this critical mass is often referred to as the Chandrasekhar mass, but is marginally different from the absolute Chandrasekhar limit, where electron degeneracy pressure is unable to prevent catastrophic collapse.”(Wikipedia, Type 1a Supernova)

If. There are electrons in the core. That doesn’t form the fusion. Oxygen and carbon ions. There. Atomic cores are against each other without electron shells. The strong energy load causes a situation. There, those ions melt together. Releasing lots of energy. 

Another thing that releases energy is the fusion between carbon atoms. That reaction releases an extremely strong energy load. Another version of the white dwarf explosion can be the case. There, the black hole’s energy beam hits the white dwarf. That could cause a fusion reaction between carbon and oxygen atoms. That combination is the most common in white dwarfs. Another version is the heavy white dwarfs. These are formed of carbon and neon. 

The same way as when a small black hole faces a neutron star. This means that the neutron star’s iron shell detonates immediately. The detonation cannot destroy the neutron core. But the effect is extremely rough. The neutron bonds can resist that power. But the neutron star. It sends gamma- and X-ray radiation. 

A black hole’s gravity field. It can turn a neutron star into neutron smoke. That releases a lot of energy in that reaction. Those reactions can uncover the existence of the primordial black holes. The primordial black hole is the thing. That could detonate a white dwarf or neutron star. The detonation. That happens in a lone white dwarf. 

If a white dwarf detonates. Without visible reason. That could uncover a small black hole.  Same way, if a neutron star starts to send unexpected X- or gamma-rays. And there are no observable material disks. Or some marks of a merger with another neutron star. That thing can be the thing. That uncovers the existence of low-mass black holes. 

https://scitechdaily.com/invisible-black-holes-could-be-triggering-supernovae/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova

A new theory can help to model black holes more accurately.

"Illustration of a black hole that is growing in response to an influx of energy. New research from Penn State suggests a new measure for a black hole’s entropy that extends Stephen Hawking’s laws of black hole mechanics to such out-of-equilibrium, dynamic black holes that form, merge, and evaporate. Credit: Jonathan Shu and Daniel Paraizo, Penn State" (ScitechDaily, New Black Hole Theory Solves a 50-Year-Old Problem)

The problem with modern models of black holes is this. Those models do not take into account the changes in the black hole environment and black holes themselves. The model of the static black holes is not suitable and in line. With the newest models and observations. The new models don’t handle black holes and their event horizons as static objects. 

But evaporation and collimation of black holes. Means that those objects are dynamic structures. The black hole’s event horizon is a dynamic entity. The features of that point depend on the black hole’s environment at a certain moment. This means that the model. That seems suitable for a certain moment. It can turn unsuitable after a very short moment. Things that affect a black hole’s features are its environment.

And its spin and expansion of the universe. Those things. Means that black holes seem stable. But they are changing and dynamic in their entirety. The material and energy that a black hole pulls in affect its spin. In the same way, a material disk. Around a black hole, pump energy into it. But at the same time. The gravity of that matter tries to steal energy from the black hole. 

If we think that all particles.  That orbiting a black hole sends synchrotron or Bremsstrahlung radiation. That causes an interesting theorem. Is the origin of the gravitational waves in hypothetical gravitons? That orbit black hole at the point of the event horizon. If all particles change their direction. Send photons. Gravitons that orbit black holes. Will also send radiation. 

Reseachers noticed that there are gravitational waves. That origin is straight from the event horizon. That gravitational wave. It can explain something about the black hole’s internal structures. In some models, black holes are like onions. And that means the black hole could release one of its gravity field’s shells when it sends that gravitational wave. The gravitational field around black holes is extremely strong. Or dense. 

This means that it’s possible that in that field there are gravitational shells. If we think. That's some photons. They are just behind the event horizon. And then that gravitational wave escapes. That could release those photons back. This model explains that gravitational waves are part of a black hole’s evaporation process. The gravitational wave. It was seen in the merge. Of the supermassive black holes. 

The radio waves that come near a black hole’s event horizon. They tell something about that strange environment. The reflection from inside the event horizon. It's impossible. But reflection from particles that orbit a black hole. It is possible. When those particles orbit a black hole. They travel in an extremely strong radiation field. This means that those particles. They start to send synchrotron radiation. 

“In particle physics, bremsstrahlung, from German bremsen 'to brake' and Strahlung 'radiation'. It is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into radiation (i.e., photons), thus satisfying the law of conservation of energy.” (Wikipedia, Bremsstrahlung)

“The term is also used to refer to the process of producing the radiation. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum. Which becomes more intense and whose peak intensity shifts toward higher frequencies as. The change in the energy of the decelerated particles increases.” (Wikipedia, Bremsstrahlung)

“Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (a ⊥ v). It is produced artificially. In some types of particle accelerators or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields. The radiation produced in this way has a characteristic polarization. And the frequencies. Generated signals can range over a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. (Wikipedia, Synchrotron radiation)

This radiation forms. When a particle changes its direction. Just like in a synchrotron. Particles. That orbit. A black hole starts to aim that energy out from that whirl. Those photons are things that turn the black hole’s halo visible. In the same way, a spinning black hole. And a spinning event horizon sends similar radiation. And we see that radiation. As gravitational waves. So if gravitons exist. We should search them just near the black hole’s event horizon. And an interesting model. It is that. Gravitational waves. They form because those hypothetical gravitons orbit a black hole at the point of the event horizon. 

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/a-new-way-to-study-the-edge-of-a-black-hole-physicists-just-got-the-closest-ever-look-at-a-black-holes-event-horizon

https://physicsworld.com/a/super-loud-gravitational-waves-offer-a-new-way-to-study-black-hole-event-horizons/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-black-hole-theory-solves-a-50-year-old-problem/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation

Can the recoil effect cause supermassive black holes to move?

“Artist’s rendition of an Active Galactic Nucleus with the accretion disk highlighted. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center’s Conceptual Image Lab” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Find a New Clue for Detecting Runaway Supermassive Black Holes) 

“When galaxies collide, the chaos does not stop with stars and gas. At the center of each galaxy, Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) can fall into a tightening gravitational dance, spiraling together until they merge into one enormous remnant. In some cases, the final black hole may not remain where it formed. It can be “kicked” away from the galactic center at extraordinary speed.” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Find a New Clue for Detecting Runaway Supermassive Black Holes) 

Normally, black holes do not move. They move spacetime. But the asymmetry. in spacetime. Or in the gravitational waves. It can give a kick. To the black hole to move. If another side of the black hole. Or its environment has a lower energy level. That thing can make the black hole move.  Another thing. That can put a black hole. Into the move. It is larger.  

And a heavier object. The star has a mass. That is five times larger than the sun. Closes a black hole that is about 3-4 times heavier than the sun. The mass of that star is higher. But the black hole has a stronger. And a denser gravity field. So first, the star pulls a black hole into it. But then the black hole starts to pull matter from the star. The gravitational pothole around the black hole. It is deeper than around the star. Then matter starts to fall into the black hole. 

Can recoil push a black hole to move? “Astronomers have searched for these 'recoiling' black holes for decades, but they are difficult to identify. A new paper available on arXiv, written by an international team, proposes a different way to look for them by studying the dust and gas that may stay bound to a black hole after it is launched from the center of its galaxy.” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Find a New Clue for Detecting Runaway Supermassive Black Holes)

“The kick comes from a consequence of Einstein’s theory of general relativity. When two merging black holes have unequal masses or spins that point in different directions, the gravitational waves they release can carry more momentum one way than another. The merged black hole is then pushed in the opposite direction. In extreme cases, that recoil can accelerate the black hole to hundreds or even thousands of kilometers per second.” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Find a New Clue for Detecting Runaway Supermassive Black Holes)

Asymmetry in the gravitational waves can kick black holes. That asymmetry mean. That is the lower or weaker. Gravitational waves. on the other side. And if the other side's gravitational waves are deeper or more powerful. The weaker gravitational waves. They fall. A black hole in the side. There. Gravitational waves are stronger. Stronger gravitational wave. It means that the energy ditches on that side are deeper. And those black holes fall into that side.  Another interesting scenario. It is the disturbance in the black hole. Or its event horizon. There is a possibility that something causes asymmetry in the black hole’s event horizon. Or energy and matter flow in the black hole. 

The position of the singularity. That is in the middle of the black hole. If that position changes. The event horizon. It moves to the new position. Another thing that can cause needed asymmetry. It is the gamma ray burst. That decreases entropy on the other side of the black hole. That can cause a stretch in the event horizon. When the position. Of the singularity changes. The other side of the event horizon “stretches”. That causes energy asymmetry in the event horizon. 

The event horizon forms at the Schwarzschild radius. But another thing that affects the distance. It is the speed of light in that region. Things like entropy are also affecting that thing. So if the evaporation of the black hole. It is asymmetrical. That effect can also kick a black hole. To move. 

When we think about the spiralic form of falling energy and matter. There is a possibility that a disturbance forms in that spiral. The idea is that. The asymmetry in matter and energy that falls into the black hole. It causes a minimal energy asymmetry near the singularity. If the singularity, or its position, moves. In the center of the black hole. That causes the event horizon to move to the new position. 

The recoil effect means that. The black hole collisions. And other kinds of cases. They can form asymmetry in the black hole’s halo and material disks. When that asymmetry happens. That thing can put a black hole into motion. That asymmetry. It can form when another black hole stretches the material disk and halo around the larger black hole. When black holes collide. The first things that penetrate each other. They are black holes’ material disks and halos. That reaction. It can create very strong flashes of energy. When black holes collide. There is a model.

These black holes can pull quantum fields from between them. That means the quantum fields between those black holes turn very weak. Then other quantum fields. The sides of that channel can collapse into it. That can form the energy wave. That pushes those black holes to journey through the universe. 

So, in the models. The change in energy symmetry in the extremely high energy region. around a black hole. It can cause a black hole movement. In some other models, the loss of entropy occurs at some point near the black hole. That can cause the recoil effect. The fast gamma-ray burst. It can form the channel. Through the universe. Or, a high-energy eruption near the black hole’s hemisphere. It can form the cosmic void. That void. It can pull a black hole into the trip. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-find-a-new-clue-for-detecting-runaway-supermassive-black-holes/

https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.00018

The model of Hawking radiation. And black hole evaporation.

A quasar emits exceptional amounts of energy generated by matter falling into a supermassive black hole. Credit: NASA, ESA, and J. Olmsted (STScI). Thirty-one newly discovered ancient quasars are giving scientists their clearest view yet of the universe’s earliest giant black holes.” (ScitechDaily, The Universe Was Barely Born When These Giant Black Holes Appeared)

The universe. It was just born. When the giant black holes formed. 

The model of Hawking radiation. And black hole evaporation. Hawking radiation. It forms in black hole evaporation. One of the reasons why. A black hole. It is. so powerful. It Is that. A black hole is spinning. Its spin binds energy from around it. That makes a black hole act like a cold object. The singularity inside the black hole acts like a thermal pump. It binds energy as long as the material disk’s energy level is higher. Than. The singularity can bind. The energy level determines. 

The existence of the singularity. Energy that comes from outside. It presses electrons and quarks. Into one entity.  If that energy vanishes. That singularity starts to erupt. In a singularity, all particles that form atoms are under one quantum field. They turn into one entirety. A super particle. All elementary particles form one homogeneous particle. There are no internal structures in that matter. And that causes its form as a black hole. 

When the spinning speed accelerates. A black hole pulls and binds energy. And then the speed of the black hole’s spin slows. A black hole reabsorbs its energy. This means that the black hole’s shell sends an energy impulse against that spiral form. That breaks harmony. And it forms. The entropy in the system inside the event horizon. When a black hole’s spin accelerates, it binds energy. Energy travels in the black hole’s singularity. 

By following a nice-looking spiral trajectory. The lack of entropy means that there is no reflection. In reflection, a photon transfers energy into the particle’s quantum field. And then that quantum field sends an energy impulse. If something pulls energy out from the quantum field from another side. That thing forms a situation. Where there is no reflection. Reflection can also happen through the whirl. The particle pulls energy into the whirl. Then that whirl kicks energy back to the particle. And pushes it back. In the same way, we will jump on a trampoline. The jumper moves energy to the trampoline. And then the energy reflection pushes the jumper back. The reason why we cannot run on the water is that. We cannot move enough energy fast enough to liquid. Water molecules transport energy out from that point. 

In the same way. Superdegenenerated material in the singularity transports energy out from the impact point. The singularity is surrounded by the energy field. That pushes it into its form. The energy can travel to that material as long as. Its spin speed turns faster. When a black hole spins. Its whirl turns larger. And the whirl pushes energy into the black hole’s singularity. The whirl and singularity. They are in interaction. The whirl denies the singularity to release its energy. And when that whirl vanishes. Nothing can keep a black hole in its form. 

Nothing can escape inside the event horizon. But there is a possibility that something can steal energy. From the point of the event horizon. This is possible without breaking the laws of nature. The speed of light depends on the density of matter. This means that light travels more slowly in the black hole’s material disk than outside it. We could see that difference. Only if we stand out from the space. When the material disk escapes from the event horizon. That thing causes a situation where there is a hole. The speed of light is faster than the speed of light. It is outside that point. If some kind of string or particle falls into the event horizon. And that material disk jumps away from that point. 

The quantum field or string. It can conduct energy out from that point. When a material disk jumps out from the event horizon. That causes the effect. That event horizon falls in. This ditch in the event horizon forms because the speed of light changes at that point. Things that affect the speed of light. They are the density of matter and radiation. This is why the speed of light is slower in the atmosphere. Than. It is in the vacuum. And this means. The speed of light is slower in the black hole’s material disk. Than outside it. The speed of light is the speed of a photon. That speed is always top. But the speed of a photon depends on the environment. 

The universe was very young. When the giant black holes formed. The reason for the ultimate size of those old black holes was the density of the young universe.  The young universe was denser. And those black holes pulled more matter and energy inside them than black holes pull in the modern universe. The resistance or pressure from surrounding matter and quantum fields pressed those black holes into their form. Then the universe’s expansion. It decreased the counter pressure. And that let those black holes expand. That is a very simplified explanation. Another reason for this. That expansion happens due to entropy. The speed of light in the young universe was different. 

The entropy in the young universe was higher. This means that. The difference in entropy between the black hole’s halo, material disk, and its environment. It was higher. But in the black hole’s material disk, that entropy is always lower than around it. That causes the pull of that massive object. Inside the black hole. There is no entropy at all. And that causes an effect. That nothing can escape from it. When material escapes from a gravitational field. The field loads energy into that particle. Then the particle requires something. That makes it turn back. Entropy: the disorder in the system. It forms a whirl. 

And then the particle. It can push against that whirl. If that whirl doesn’t form. There is nothing that the particle can push against. And that thing causes the fall of the matter. One of the ways. That can cause an object like a photon to escape is that the photon pushes against other photons. That is trapped at the point. Of the event horizon. When the photon sends an energy impulse to another photon or particle that is trapped at that point. That lower photon transfers its energy to that higher photon. And that means the energy is stolen from the black hole. 

The interaction between the black hole and its environment goes like this: If the black hole’s evaporation is so strong. That falling matter cannot replace lost mass and energy. The black hole shrinks. And if it gets more energy and matter. Than. It loses in its evaporation. The black hole expands. The evaporation. It is the reason for the Hawking radiation. There are a couple of things. That can cause the black hole to lose a photon or energy. 

One is a very low-energy photon. That photon can steal energy from a black hole. The idea is that. This kind of photon can act like icy water. When its energy level is lower than a black hole’s, photons. That lower-energy photon. It just binds energy from the black hole. Into it. When that happens, a black hole loses a little bit of its mass. The surface area of the black hole. It determines the evaporation speed. The small black hole. It has a larger surface area. Relation. To its volume than a large black hole. That means. Smaller black hole evaporation. It is stronger than the larger ones. The escape velocity at the point of the event horizon. It is always the speed of light. But the environment determines the speed of light. If the environment is dense. The speed of light is lower. Than. If the black hole is in a low-density region. 

Another version of that model is the photon. It starts to orbit the black hole. Just at the point of the event horizon. That point is not as stable as we might think. And the waves of that point can cause a situation. That photon will escape from the point of the event horizon. The photon escapes because the event horizon escapes. And leaves the photon outside it. There is also a possibility that the photon focuses energy. In the middle of it. If a photon gets all its energy from the event horizon. It can form a quantum dot. That can drive energy out. From the point of the event horizon. The whirl that forms just at the point of the event horizon. It can push energy to other particles. 

The third version is that the black hole can form a so-called parasite black hole. In its material disk or halo. This so-called “parasite” black hole can exist for a very short time. But it can steal photons from the black hole’s event horizon. The idea is that. Another black hole takes a photon out from the point of the event horizon. And if that photon travels past the other black hole. The energy that the black hole pumped into that photon is lost forever.

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universe-was-barely-born-when-these-giant-black-holes-appeared/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

Gamma-rays from the center of the Milky Way can open the mystery of dark matter.

Can dark matter be the quantum-size version of the gravastars? 

Dark matter is a mystery. It is suggested that dark matter particles are so-called quantum-size black holes. Einstein’s  models suggest that any objects in the universe. They can turn into black holes. This thing happens. When outside radiation presses electrons into an atom’s core. Then the radiation must “only” melt the particles in the atom’s core. Into one entirety. This entirety is called singularity. There is a suggestion that all particles involve a quantum-sized black hole. And the thing. What we see as a particle is the halo of the quantum-size black hole. 

Then to the hypothetical. gravastars. If we think that the quantum-sized black holes exist. We can think. That. The quantum-sized versions of gravistars or gravitational vacuum stars. Also existed. The gravastar. It could solve many problems in fundamental physics. The gravastar explains dark energy. That. If the shell of a gravastar, or a quantum-sized gravastar, breaks. That lets the gravitational field travel into that gravitational vacuum. That causes the effect. That is similar to a vacuum bomb. That vacuum. It can collect and focus energy. Into the middle of it. 

But some other new models suggest that some black holes are actually gravastars. So-called hollow singularities. There, the entire mass of the object is in that object’s core. The hypothetical gravitational vacuum stars are also dense objects. But their matter is like a ball around the area. Its gravity affects symmetrically from its edge. And that forms the gravitational vacuum in the middle of that object.  

So there is a possibility. The microlensing forms a situation. Their energy focuses straight into the center of the atom’s core. That thing can cause the photonic nuclear reaction. That can cause the neutron decay. Or it could transform a proton in the atom’s nucleus into an anti-proton. That can cause. A nuclear reaction that throws the mass of an entire atom into a ball-shaped structure. And that thing means that the dark matter. It could be like a quantum-sized version of the gravastar. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, Gravastar)

And then to the gamma-rays from the Sagittarius A*.

Strange gamma-ray bursts from near the Milky Way’s center. They are things that are suggested to be from dark matter. But then we can imagine situation that the high-power radiation from the Sgr A*(Sagittarius A*), the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way can form that gamma-ray. The idea is that the extremely high-energy radiation comes from the black hole’s accretion disk, pushing electrons away from the atomic nucleus. When that radiation hits electrons. And free protons that form when hydrogen atoms release their electrons. 

Proton has two up and one down quark.  It is a possibility. The energy impulse can turn an up quark into a down quark. And if that happens in the proton, that baryon turns into a neutron. The neutron involves two down quarks and one up quark. The down quark is a higher-energy particle than the up quark. And neutron decay. It means that the down quark turns back into an up quark.  Also, a high-energy photon. It can cause a photo-nuclear reaction in an atom’s core. The photo-nuclear reaction forms in a situation. That atom transforms into a very high-excitation state. That state can cause a situation. The neutrons start to decay in the atom’s core. 

Those high-power radiation quanta can transform those protons. 

Another up quark. Into down quarks that transform those protons into neutrons. Because the energy level in the material disk around the Sgr A* changes. Those changes can cause decay in just-born neutrons. So that down quark transforms back to an up quark. And that reaction. It releases a W-boson and electrons. The decay produces one proton, two electrons, and one electron antineutrino. So, it's possible that the electron antineutrino hits the electron neutrino. And that should release some kind of radiation. But the radiation that comes from that acceleration disk pushes those electrons away. When those high-energy electrons are far enough from the Sgr A* they realease their extra energy as gamma-ray quanta. 

There are three possible sources. For those gamma-rays. 

1) Still hypothetical dark matter particles. 

2) Nautrons that can form in the high-energy radiation. Or the radiation from Sgr A* can destroy atom nucleus and release those neutrons. Then, neutron decay sends electrons. Or, one proton, two electrons. And one electron antineutrino. 

3) Electrons that high-energy radiation releases from their orbitals. When those electrons travel away from Sgr A*. And the energy transfer to those electrons ends. That thing makes them send gamma-rays. 

Some effects near supermassive black holes are not actually very exotic. Those things can happen more often than anywhere else. This means that the mysterious gamma rays can open the path. To find out the mystery of dark matter. The mystery is. Are dark matter particles? If they exist, a source for those gamma-ray bursts. There is a question. Does dark matter even have a particle form? And if those hypothetical particles are the source of those gamma-rays. 

That radiation. It can form when those particles impact. Or it can be the transformation radiation. That means the black hole radiation. It can transform particles into dark matter. The idea is that. The spin of the particle turns into 1 or higher. That thing means that the particle can turn invisible. As long as it binds energy inside it. So it's possible. That. The high-energy radiation. It can turn a particle invisible. And maybe that transformation. It can be seen as gamma-ray flashes. 

The thing. That dark matter causes a gravitational effect. It means that the dark matter should surround any black hole in the universe. Or actually, every gravity center will pack dark matter around it. But the problem is this. Nobody has seen dark matter yet. So, the dark matter halo. The matter. The matter that surrounds supermassive black holes should be large and dense enough. The astronomers could observe that strange matter. The dark matter could lens light. But that thing is very hard to separate from the gravitational lensing. 

The problem with that thing. It is the high-energy material disk around the black hole. The high-energy, extremely bright material disk. Covers the dark matter below it. In the same way, a traffic light can cover dust and snow below its brightness.  And maybe those very dense objects. They can deliver information about the strange gravitational effect. Known as dark matter. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/a-mysterious-gamma-ray-stream-comes-from-the-milky-ways-center-could-dark-matter-have-something-to-do-with-it

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/supermassive-black-holes-may-be-surrounded-by-dark-matter-clusters-new-echo-map-technique-suggests

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_neutron_decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_emission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

How can a black hole be active, even if nothing can escape from it?

The source of Hawking radiation can be in high-energy photons. That orbit black hole near its event horizon. 

In this case, the word “active” means that the black hole sends massive gamma and X-ray bursts. Black holes don’t themselves emit any other known radiation besides gravitational waves. So, the source of the gamma- and X-ray emissions is in reactions in its halo and acceleration disks. The transition or accretion disk around a black hole impacts the formation. The particles start to whirl around the spin axis of the black hole. The thing that spins can be the black hole itself. Or the spin effect of the halo. That forms when particles fall into that supermassive object. The speed at different points in the accretion disk and halo forms friction. That friction forms extreme heat and energy. This is one of the reasons why the radiation is strongest. At the point of the relativistic jet. 

That we see as the black hole’s gamma- and X-ray emission. When a black hole sends gravitational waves. It forms short-term denser rings in the accretion disk. And that causes a difference in energy levels in that thing. In the same way, radiation from a black hole forms a situation where the energy level in the material disk changes. That causes internal friction in the disk. Entropy in that disk is very low. But radiation. That forms when the black hole sends gravitational waves, and hypothetical Hawking radiation causes small whirls in it. When particles like electrons impact those whirls. That forms radiation. Like X-rays and gamma-rays. 

Can the source of some kind of Hawking radiation and the black hole’s active period be in the parasite black holes? A parasite black hole can form in a photon that orbits a black hole at the point of the event horizon. When those photons that the black hole trapped in the event horizon face particles and wave movement. 

They start to glow. And that glow focuses energy in the middle of the photon. That energy can form. The quantum-size black hole. Those quantum-size black holes. They can be similar to their larger companions. They have an acceleration disk and an energy stylus. Those small black holes can sometimes steal a photon from the larger black hole. 

The hair of a black hole would be photons that are trapped around those quantum-sized black holes. Those hypothetical high-energy photons can destroy particles that fall into a black hole. But they can also push the halo and material disk away. This means that those quantum-sized black holes can also cause. The destruction of the larger black holes. 

“When water in a sink encounters a drain, the water doesn’t immediately all go into the drain unless the flow is slow, doesn’t overflow the drain, and remains confined to a narrow area that goes directly into the drain. For all other cases, the water will have to flow near and/or around the drain before entering it, and has a more difficult time doing so the smaller the drain is.

Credit: Dean Hochman/flickr.” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“When a disturbance is created in a pond, such as by dropping a stone into an otherwise still body of water, it will generate ripples that propagate circularly outward. If water falls into an already-existing body of water, even if there’s an open drain at the bottom, that water can get kicked up and splashed out entirely, as though it were ejected from the environment around the drain, rather than getting sucked into the drain. Credit: Sergiu Bacioiu/flickr. “(BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“Instead of water flowing into a drain, a black hole can have material flowing into its event horizon: the region of space around it that serves as a boundary between what can escape and what can’t escape. From outside the event horizon, infalling material often can pile up on top of itself, and not all (or even most) of that piled-up material will eventually wind up being devoured by the event horizon itself. Credit: Big Think / NASA” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“This illustration shows a model of what powers a microquasar: a downscaled version of a supermassive black hole within an active galaxy. The central black hole gains an accretion disk, which in turn generates its own powerful magnetic field. When an additional source of matter (at left) comes into play, the interaction between that new matter and the existing accretion disk can lead to flares, winds, and the emission of large numbers of charged particles and copious radiation, among other signals.

Credit: E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino and A. Lazarian, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2005”  (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“An illustration of an active black hole, one that accretes matter and accelerates a portion of it outward in two perpendicular jets. The normal matter undergoing an acceleration like this describes how quasars and active galaxies work extremely well. Flows of matter inside the accretion disk can lead to flares in a black hole’s emissions. All known, well-measured black holes have enormous rotation rates, and the laws of physics, particularly the conservation of angular momentum, all but ensure that this is mandatory. Credit: University of Warwick/Mark A. Garlick” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

Can the hypothetical Hawking radiation come from the black hole itself? Or can it come from photons that orbit a black hole’s event horizon? Black holes are very heavy objects. They can pull even light inside it. This means that there are also photons. That orbits a black hole near its event horizon. Those photons can be a source of radiation that we cannot detect. When other photons and particles impact those photons. They can send a wave movement. 

The photon’s shape, which is like a donut, causes the idea that maybe black holes are sometimes hairy. And sometimes they might not have those hairs. When wave movement hits those photons. They start to collect energy in the middle of it. That energy can form. The quantum-size black hole at the edge of the black hole’s event horizon. So the photon around those hypothetical black holes would be the hair. That erases matter. Those parasite black holes can also send radiation that we see as coming from the main black holes. Sooner or later, those parasite black holes fall into the main black hole. This means that a black hole can have hair. That suddenly disappears. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-holes-active-if-nothing-escapes/

https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/space-astronomy/astrophysics/the-anatomy-of-a-black-hole-diving-deep-into-the-singularity/

Spacetime crystals can suddenly turn into black holes.

“Physicists have long known that black holes do not necessarily have to form from collapsing stars. Under the right conditions, spacetime itself can organize into a delicate, highly ordered state that sits on the threshold between ordinary space and something far more extreme. Credit: Stock

A new mathematical breakthrough sheds light on how tiny black holes could emerge from critical states of spacetime.” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Black holes are often portrayed as cosmic giants, swallowing stars and shaping entire galaxies. But some of the most intriguing black holes predicted by physics could be far smaller than an atom. For decades, scientists have known that Einstein’s theory of relativity allows these microscopic black holes to form under extraordinary conditions. The problem was proving exactly how it happens.” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

Can there be an object that wobbles between a quark star (quark pack) and a black hole? The idea is that. The evaporation of a small black hole delivers. A little bit of its mass. If that object’s size is very close to the Schwarzchild radius. That thing can cause a situation where the size turns below the Swarzschild radius. That makes the object visible. This can happen when the energy level in that black hole rises too high. And it pushes the acceleration disk too far. 

That can cause a situation where the black hole’s size turns below the Schwarzschild radius. The reason I use the name Qark star about this object’s visible side is that. Hypothetical quark stars can be the only visible objects. Before the black holes. That causes an interesting question. Can those quark stars be the same as the space-time crystals? Or maybe they are very high-speed neutron stars. 

The spacetime crystals that can turn into black holes are new theoretical models in fundamental quantum physics. The spacetime crystals are the new versions of the time crystal. But those new “crystals” have the extra dimension. The idea is that a tiny black hole can form from critical states of spacetime. This thing means a very fast particle. That can spin or travel ahead. can pack the spacetime states around them. Then those states press the particle into a black hole. 

And after that, that tiny black hole locks it in those states. The requirement for that process is simple. Energy that will not escape from that particle. That thing means that when a particle’s spin is close to the speed of light. And it moves ahead. That movement can cause a situation. The particle falls into a black hole. And maybe a little bit modified time crystal can act as a model for that. When particles in a time crystal spin very fast. And then that time crystal travels forward in the same time. That thing can cause a situation. That particle turns into a black hole. 

“Sometimes a tiny, seemingly insignificant cause is enough to trigger a huge and dramatic change,” says Prof. Daniel Grumiller from TU Wien. “Take liquid water at zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), for example. A very small change is enough to make the water freeze. The water molecules then spontaneously arrange themselves into a regular pattern and form an ice crystal.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Physicists believe spacetime can undergo a comparable transition.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, matter and energy shape the geometry of spacetime. Massive objects such as stars create strong distortions, while smaller objects produce weaker effects. Under very specific conditions, however, these distortions can organize themselves into an unexpectedly ordered structure.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Left: visualization of a spacetime crystal. Right: a cubic crystal structure. Credit: TU Wien” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole). In the same way as water crystallizes at zero degrees Celsius, the spacetime forms crystals in certain conditions. This means that the spacetime crystals are “ice”. In the spacetime. The idea in the model that the spacetime crystals can form a black hole is explored in these two models. The spacetime crystals can wobble back and forth. If the speed of light around those structures changes. Or some higher energy impulse hits those spacetime crystals. That thing can make a situation. 

That. Those spacetime crystals turn into a black hole. If spacetime crystals are like time crystals. We could use time crystals as a model of those things. “In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state. “ (Wikipedia, Time Crystal). 

The thing is that. The lowest possible energy level is relative. The difference between energy levels inside and outside the particle determines how cold the object is. The particle is not cold or hot. It's cold or hot compared to something. Cold means that energy travels to a particle. And hot means energy. Travels into that particle. 

When the environment pumps energy into particles that spin. At a very high speed. That can turn those particles into black holes. The shell of those time crystals. It is the common quantum field that connects rows of particles. Under it. The quantum perpetual motion machine means the time crystal. That can recycle all its energy. When one of those particles touches the quantum field around those particles. It transfers energy to that. And then that energy travels on the opposite side of the quantum field. This means that. If the energy comes from outside. That energy can press those particles into the black hole. And when one particle in that structure falls into a black hole. It pulls everything into it. 

When we talk about neutrons. They can act as time crystals. This means that when the speed of the neutron stars rises very high. That effect can stretch those neutrons. That pulls quarks in those neutrons into straight lines. And that thing can turn. The neutrons. Into. Time crystal-shaped structures. 

In some models, the Bosen-Einstein condensate can be used. As the model for those spacetime crystals. When the speed of light around those crystals changes. That effect causes a situation there, electron. Some other particle propels forward. And that causes a situation. There, that spacetime crystal’s shell slows its speed. That causes an effect. On the particles inside. That spacetime crystal. Travel faster than the speed of light in a very short moment. 

The shell of the time crystal pumps energy into those particles. And in that case, those particles can turn into a black hole. The spacetime crystals cause an interesting question. Can there be objects that wobble between black hole and maybe tiny quark star states? The black hole’s evaporation can make this model possible. When an extremely small black hole sends radiation. That radiation can push the quantum field farther. 

That means that the black hole evaporates. And if that black hole is very close to the Schwarzchild radius. It’s possible that evaporation decreases its size to a size smaller than the Schwarzschild radius. And that can turn. The black hole. Back to a quark star. Then the quantum field just presses that thing back into the black hole. Even in quantum-size black holes, the Schwarzschild radius determines whether a particle turns into a black hole. Or not. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-strange-spacetime-crystal-that-can-suddenly-turn-into-a-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal

Primordial black holes, magnetic fields. And traveling black holes.

“Artist’s illustration of two black holes orbiting each other. Credit: Carl Knox, OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology. Scientists believe an unusual LIGO detection may be evidence of a primordial black hole, potentially linking these long-theorized objects to the mystery of dark matter.” (ScitechDaily, Mysterious Cosmic Signal Could Be First Real Evidence of Primordial Black Holes)

Dark Energy. Primordial black holes, magnetic fields. And traveling black holes. 

When two black holes collide. Their acceleration disks cross each other. That event causes a very high-energy gamma-ray burst. Same way. When the black hole material jets impact. That impact sends high-energy radiation. It is introduced that the dark energy source is in the black hole wind. High-energy particles that black holes accelerate. Impact outside galaxies. And those impacts. Causes very high energy radiation. The reason why we cannot see those impacts is that. 

The light in galaxies and quasars covers those short-term flashes below them. And that thing can mean. Dark energy is extremely short-term gamma-ray flashes outside galaxies and quasars. But that is one new model. This means that dark energy does not exist. As an independent energy form. That can be so weak gamma-rays that we simply cannot detect that radiation. Because of a supermassive black hole. And black holes in our own galaxy cover those short-term flashes under their gamma-ray shine. 

"A new analysis argues that the standard cosmological model may be fundamentally unstable, raising questions about whether dark energy is really needed to explain the universe’s accelerating expansion. Credit: SciTechDaily.com." (ScitechDaily, A Universe Without Dark Energy? Mathematicians Challenge Standard Cosmology)

In theories, at the beginning of the universe, black holes formed. Those black holes could form straight from the radiation. That means. Those primordial black holes can be the “Kugelblitz” black holes. But there is another thing. That could form those cosmic monsters. The whirl in some energy field, like a gravitational field. It can start to pack dark matter particles into one point. That means that. Dark matter particles can play a vital role in the formation of dark matter. 

The strange radiation.  It can be the first observation about the primordial black holes. Primordial black holes can be the first supermassive-scale black holes. And the thing that makes those monsters so large and powerful is the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands. The size of the acceleration disk grows. And its energy level decreases. When the universe’s energy level decreases. That means that. The force that presses against the acceleration disk decreases. And that causes the expansion of the accretion disk. Because the energy level in the acceleration disk is lower. That lets black holes’ event horizon expand. 

And the black hole requires a larger accretion disk. To stay in form. The acceleration disk is the thing. That keeps the black hole in the form. If that disk does not exist. The black hole starts to lose matter. And that makes the black hole evaporate in seconds. The acceleration disk is the thing. That denies a black hole. To send matter or energy out from it. A black hole exists as long as the accretion disk’s energy level is higher. Than the space inside the event horizon. When the space inside the event horizon turns higher than the environment. That makes the black hole evaporate. 

“Visualization of gas flows around a binary protostar system calculated by ATERUI III. The gas shown in red orbits around one of the two protostars. The gas shown in blue orbits around the combined binary system. The gas shown in green is being expelled from the system. And it is carrying away angular momentum. The present research shows that the magnetic field plays an important role in expelling gas and angular momentum. Credit: Matsumoto, Hotokezaka, Inayoshi 2026” (ScitechDaily, Magnetic Fields May Solve a Longstanding Binary Star Mystery)

The magnetic fields can bring black holes and newborn stars together. And maybe those fields tell more about the reason why binary stars are so common. In binary star systems, the other star replaces the planetary system. But there are observations that binary star systems involve planets. But it is possible that binary stars can capture rogue planets. That can orbit those stars or even black hole pairs from  long distances. 

Binary stars can be the first step to forming supermassive black holes. Supermassive black holes require enough material and energy. That they can form. The magnetic fields can also play a role in cases. Where black holes start to move. The magnetic field. Along with the gravity sling. It can put. Particles move extremely fast. 

The fastest known black hole wind travels across the universe with 30% of the speed of light.

But there is a possibility. That another black hole pushes the smaller black hole into motion. 

The effect that puts the supermassive object into motion can be another black hole. Or some kind of anomaly in the fields around it. The weaker point in the field can cause a situation. The black hole . It starts to travel in that direction. The hole can be any of the four fundamental forces: gravity or electromagnetism. 

“An artist’s impression of a quasar. The black dot in the center represents the supermassive black hole at the center of the quasar. The red-and-yellow spiral surrounding it shows the disc of hot gas falling into the black hole. Some of this gas is ejected as the quasar’s wind, which is shown in light blue. The size of the disc shown is comparable to the size of our Solar System. Credit: NASA/CXC/M. Weiss, Nahks Tr’Ehnl, Nurten Filiz Ak” (ScitechDaily,Record-Breaking Black Hole Wind Blasts Through Space at 30% the Speed of Light)

Or in the weak and strong nuclear force. The most logical guess is that the anomaly is the magnetic field. The hole in the magnetic field causes a situation. The magnetic field causes asymmetry in the black hole's halo or its accretion disk. If that acceleration disk separates from the black hole’s event horizon. Or it's pressure form against the event horizon changes. 

That thing can cause a situation. That black hole. It will start. To travel across the universe. Another reason for traveling black holes can be found. In the gravity slings. The gravity sling between a supermassive and stellar-mass black hole. When a supermassive black hole impacts a stellar mass black hole. That can cause a situation. The supermassive black hole slings its lighter companion through the universe. 

The gravitational sling was used. In the Voyager missions. The planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Gravitational fields. Accelerated those probes to such a high speed. That they can travel outside the solar system. If a stellar-mass black hole travels through the supermassive black hole’s gravitational field. That supermassive black hole can sling it through the universe with incredible speed. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-universe-without-dark-energy-mathematicians-challenge-standard-cosmology/

https://scitechdaily.com/magnetic-fields-may-solve-a-longstanding-binary-star-mystery/

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-cosmic-signal-could-be-first-real-evidence-of-primordial-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/record-breaking-black-hole-wind-blasts-through-space-at-30-the-speed-of-light/

The new theory about the 7-dimensional black hole structure tries to solve the black hole’s information paradox.

“Researchers propose that extra-dimensional spacetime torsion prevents black holes from fully evaporating, leaving remnants that preserve quantum information. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, New 7-Dimensional Theory May Finally Solve the Black Hole Information Paradox)

What if back holes ever completely evaporate? The new 7-dimensional model, or theory, suggests that the black hole will not completely disappear. That could solve the black hole information paradox. But. That model causes an idea. That's what the black hole’s core, the singularity, is not solid. What if. It's the cluster of multiple densely packed black holes. If there is an empty space between those black holes. That explains the gravitational waves.  It can have an origin in the structures between those black holes. This model tries to explain the structure of black holes as the strings that form between densely packed black holes. Those black holes turn those strings into torsion. And we might call that structure a torsion structure. 

In that model. The form of the black hole is 7-dimensional torsion. The model is like the yarn ball model. But the structure of that thing is more complicated than a simple yarn ball; there, the information swirls around the black hole's center. In this new model, the torsion forms the confused form of those torsions. Those torsions could be the confused superstrings. And this means that the torsion structure remains in the universe, even if the black hole disappears. 

“Example of torsion mechanics” (Wikipedia, Torsion). The black hole pair turns the superstring like this. 

Energy or information that travels in those torsions. Can act. Like a thermal pump. That structure binds quantum fields into it. And that forms the gravitational pull. But could that torsion form between black holes in the massive event horizon and the gravity field? And the new question is: could that form in large-scale systems? That means that. Those torsions. They could explain the cosmic web. In that model. The comic web, or cosmic filament, forms in torsions. That connects the supermassive black holes together. 

“Unifying black hole stability and elementary particle mass via 7D geometry. Schematic illustration of the framework presented in the 7-dimensional Einstein-Cartan theory on a G2​-manifold with torsion. The left panel shows the 7D G2​-manifold torsion knot. Geometric torsion generates a repulsive force at Planck densities (central inset), stabilizing a black hole remnant.” (ScitechDaily,New 7-Dimensional Theory May Finally Solve the Black Hole Information Paradox)

Through dimensional reduction, the torsion vacuum expectation value is identified with the electroweak scale (≈246 GeV), naturally providing the Higgs field vacuum expectation value (VEV) and enabling elementary particles to acquire mass in 4D spacetime. Credit: Institute of Experimental Physics SAS” (ScitechDaily,New 7-Dimensional Theory May Finally Solve the Black Hole Information Paradox)

This causes another idea. If a black hole does not vanish. That could mean. That. The black hole remnants can form another universe after the universe disappears in the Big Freeze. The black hole will not destroy information anyway. It changes the form of information. That means it pulls the information. Or superstrings. That carries information in a straight form. Or the form of those strings is not completely straight. That means there are “holes” in the black hole structure. The superstrings are like tornadoes in the quantum fields. Have quantum vacuums inside them. In the black hole’s extreme conditions, those superstrings can connect them to other superstrings. And that forms the confused structure. Energy travels in the complex network of energy tunnels. When. We are looking. At the model of the 7D torsion. 

We might think. The structure looks like an electron shell. Of the atoms. This causes an idea. That may be electron positions in its orbital because there is some kind of tunnel at that point. This tunnel. Or some kind of lower energy point. Anchors the electron in its trajectory. So could the theory of the quantum-sized black holes be true? There is also a possibility that the black hole’s singularity is not in a solid form. What if it's the structure of the many black holes? In that model. The black hole cluster looks like an atom. There could be multiple smaller gravitational centers in the ultimate dense form of the singularity. Even if the singularity, the core of the black hole, seems solid from outside. That model means that there could be some kind of space between those structures. That means that there is a possibility that a black hole’s core can have some kind of quakes. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

What if dark matter has more than one form?

"In the constellation Ursa Major, the Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101) is surrounded by smaller companions, including the irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 5477. Hubble observations reveal regions of active star formation within NGC 5477, while also capturing distant galaxies shining through it, highlighting the vast emptiness within galactic structures. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Matter Has Two Forms? Bold New Hypothesis Could Explain a Cosmic Mystery)

This means that dark matter could be more than one or two things. This means that dark matter can be some kind of particle. Or it could be the whirl in gravitational fields. In the last cases, the quantum fields that interact with each other can form vortices in each other. The effect could be similar. As in the cases where two rivers connect to each other. When water from a tributary impacts the main river, a whirl forms. And. In the same way, when a quantum field. Impact at a certain angle. There should form similar whirls, and maybe those whirls explain some part of dark matter. 

Also. The fast-spinning particles that form the quantum tornado can form an effect that we see as dark matter. Dark matter. It is a mysterious gravitational effect. And one thing. That. We might think that whirls in the impacting gravitational waves can also explain that mysterious gravitational effect. 

But then. There are theories that quantum-sized black holes can form dark matter. The black hole is more than just the event horizon and material disk. The black hole forms a giant whirl at its spinning axle. Those whirls can put quantum fields into motion. 

"New research suggests that in reduced dimensions, particles can defy the usual boson–fermion divide by exhibiting tunable, intermediate quantum properties. These findings hint at previously unexplored forms of matter and set the stage for experiments probing the deeper structure of the quantum world. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Discover a Strange New Kind of One-Dimensional Particle)

There is a possibility that extremely fast-spinning 2D particles can also be behind dark matter. In that case, the edge of the saucer-shaped, fast-spinning particles drives energy out from the particle. That causes a similar effect. A fast-spinning plate causes water. That forms a whirl that can pull things inside it. And a fast-spinning particle can form a similar whirl in the quantum fields. 

Also. Things like gamma-rays. That travel through particles and atoms can raise their mass. Things like cosmic voids can also form an effect. That seems like gravity. The differences in the strengths of quantum fields can also put energy into motion. This means that some parts of the dark matter can be virtual. The effect. That form. When those quantum fields have differences in their strength. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-discover-a-strange-new-kind-of-one-dimensional-particle/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-matter-has-two-forms-bold-new-hypothesis-could-explain-a-cosmic-mystery/

How can the black hole merger form gamma-ray bursts?

When black holes collide, that event sends gravitational waves. There is a possibility that the gamma-ray burst (GRB) forms when those black holes’ halos touch each other. Every black hole is surrounded by material disks and photons that orbit it. The black holes. That participate. In this event. They were about 50 times larger than the sun. 

”Together, the two black holes weighed more than 100 times the mass of the Sun, placing the event among the most massive stellar-mass black hole mergers detected so far. Most previously observed mergers involve systems with only a few tens of solar masses.”(Interesting Engineering, A cosmic surprise: Black hole merger may have sparked a gamma-ray burst) 

The large size and heavy mass of those black holes tell. That. Those black holes could be the result of previous mergers. They were extremely large stellar black holes. 

Before black holes’ event horizons touch each other, those halos of matter and photons cross each other. In that case, if those halos and material disks impact each other. Particles that orbit those black holes interact, and these interactions can form the GRB. In this case, the GRB formation happens. When those halos that orbit in opposite directions impact each other. In those large black holes, their halos are quite large. 

And that means those halos have a time to reach a very high energy level. If those black holes were smaller, or their sizes were different. This can mean that the interaction between those material halos is shorter. That forms the shorter. And lower energy gamma- or X-ray flash. This thing. It can prove primordial black holes. 

And if all black hole mergers form the gamma-rays, this thing should mean that all of those black holes spin in opposite directions. That causes the model. The black holes turn. Into superposition and entanglement. Before they impact. Every time particles go into quantum entanglement, they spin in opposite directions. In the same way, if the black holes go into quantum entanglement, they will turn to spin in opposite directions. 

When we start to think that the source of the mysterious gamma-ray bursts is the cases where the black hole’s material disks and halos touch each other, that can be the first evidence about the miniature, primordial black holes. Those miniature, or planetary-mass black holes, form similar halos around them as larger black holes. 

This means that. Maybe some gamma-ray lightning, whose origin is in lone black holes, can merge with a small black hole. Those black holes could form when the radiation from the bigger black hole presses. A planet or some other objects in the form of a black hole. This means that the black hole could clone itself. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/black-hole-merger-produces-light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole

None of the black holes interacts alone.

“At the center of the Milky Way, something immense and invisible exerts a powerful gravitational grip. For decades, astronomers have assumed it was a supermassive black hole. But new research suggests a more unconventional possibility: a dense concentration of exotic dark matter that could unify the galaxy’s inner chaos and outer calm under a single framework. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

None of the black holes interacts alone. This means that black holes are also part of their environment. And gravitation is not the only interaction with a black hole. 

Supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy might not be a black hole. Or, otherwise, the supermassive black hole interaction with its environment is more complicated than anybody expected. The new study suggests that the main part of the supermassive object in the center of the Milky Way is composed of dark matter particles that are similar to fermions. Or maybe fermions like electrons are things that form the dark structure in the center of the Milky Way. 

Or, otherwise, we must realize that there is a black hole with dark matter particles orbiting. This means there is a black hole in the middle of the fast-orbiting electron or quark cloud. The spin of those particles would be awesome. So those particles would be more massive than particles outside that structure. And in that case reseachers must calculate what part of the gravitation formed the black hole, and what part of the gravitational effect is formed of those fermions or other dark matter particles. So, the center of the Milky Way is the combination of a black hole and particles that orbit this object. 

Another thing is that. Every other black hole has a dark matter halo. And a visible matter halo. In the case of a black hole, the key question is always this: which has the dominating effect: does the dominating effect come from the black hole or its halo? The only known fact is that none of the black holes interacts alone.  There is also a model of the center of the Milky Way. Involves structure. There is a group of black holes orbiting the supermassive gravity center. In some model. The massive pressure near the center of the Milky Way presses matter into a black hole, just before it falls into the middle of the Milky Way. 

The only thing that is sure. Is that. Dark matter and visible matter. Both can form a black hole.  If a black hole forms. In the dark matter bubble, or denser point of dark matter. That can cause a situation where the black hole turns more massive than it should. Gravitation is the only known interaction between dark and visible matter. 

“Some astronomers think the Milky Way’s center could be hiding something stranger than a supermassive black hole. In a new study, researchers argue that the object shaping the orbits of nearby stars might instead be an ultra-dense concentration of dark matter that creates nearly the same gravitational footprint as a black hole.” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

“Their results, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), challenge the standard picture in which Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is a supermassive black hole that dominates the region’s gravity. The best-known evidence for that black hole interpretation comes from the S-stars, a group of stars that loop around the center at velocities reaching several thousand kilometers per second.” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

"Instead of relying on a black hole, the international research team proposes a different explanation. They argue that a particular variety of dark matter composed of fermions, which are light subatomic particles, could organize itself into a distinctive structure consistent with observations of the Milky Way’s core.” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

The energy level of those particles is very high. So those particles are more massive than particles outside the halo. And that means that. The black hole and its halo. Are both. Interact with their environment. So in larger-scale structures, the Milky Way. Just like other galaxies interact as an entirety. There are all stars, back holes, dust, and other things. Forming the massive gravitational entirety. The black hole interaction. It is much more complicated than just gravity that pulls objects inside it. 

The black hole halo. And its relativistic jet transports energy. Also in the opposite direction. We see that energy. As gamma- and x-rays. When a black hole sends energy to the galaxy’s outer halo. That energy puts a halo to shine. There is also the impact of radiation and particles that surround the galaxy. This impact point is similar to the heliopause. There are particles from the sun. That impacts the particle flows from other stars. Similar standing wave surrounds. galaxies, and when a relativistic jet impacts that structure, this structure sends energy into the center of that bubble or halo. This energy. It has a role in energy. 

And matter flows in the galaxy. That energy reflection pushes particles and other objects back to the galaxy’s center. And this is one of the reasons why there is a glowing bubble in the center of the galaxy. Mainly, that glow forms when the relativistic jet travels through that point. But in the same way. Energy that reflects from the galactic halo. Has a role in that thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-center-of-our-galaxy-may-not-be-a-black-hole/