Reseachers turned ordinary sunlight into UV-light.

“A new solid-state material from Kyushu University turns visible light into high-energy UV at sunlight intensity. By attaching alkyl chains to the sp3 carbon atoms of an organic molecule, the researchers create precisely controlled gaps between neighboring molecules. This spacing enables efficient triplet energy transfer, achieving a quantum yield above 60% in the solid state. When combined with a donor molecule. The system reaches 1.9% visible-to-UV upconversion efficiency. Credit: Naoyuki Harada / Kyushu University” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Turn Ordinary Sunlight Into UV Light in Major Energy Breakthrough)

“Sunlight just got an upgrade: Scientists have developed a material that converts ordinary sunshine into UV light, opening new possibilities for solar-powered technologies.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Turn Ordinary Sunlight Into UV Light in Major Energy Breakthrough)

“Imagine pouring two cups of warm water together and expecting to get one cup of boiling water. That is impossible in everyday life, but something similar can happen in the quantum world. There, two low-energy particles of light, known as photons, can combine their energy to create a single photon with much higher energy.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Turn Ordinary Sunlight Into UV Light in Major Energy Breakthrough)

Japanese reseachers have created the solid state material. That can transform sunlight, or visible light, into UV light. This system creates. Two UV photons per 100 regular visible light photons.  This means that the efficiency of that system is about 2%. But that system. It can be. The pathfinder for new types of quantum systems. 

In the quantum world, it’s possible to combine two or more lower-energy photons into one high-energy entirety. The ability to connect photons makes it possible. To create high-energy photons. This means that by connecting photons, reseachers can create photons. That energy level is the same as gamma rays. This could be possible in cases where the reseachers can manipulate single photons. 

Photonics opens new paths to high-energy systems. And a high-energy  photon. That impact on an atom's nucleus can raise the energy level in the atom’s core very high. These types of things can be used in military and civil applications. The high-energy photons that impact the electron cloud. It can be used to create gamma-ray impulses. Those gamma-rays. They can be used in the highly effective gamma-ray translumination systems. 

This type of technology. It makes it possible to create coherent, or almost coherent. Gamma-rays. The system can look. A little bit like the acoustic devices that create the coherent acoustic waves. The gamma-ray sources involve electrons. And then the high-energy photons impact those electrons. Then they send the gamma-ray emission. Coherent gamma-rays can have multiple purposes. The ability to create and focus gamma-rays without fission. It can offer the possibility. To create science. That is not always as good. As we want. 

Above. Diagram of the gamma-ray lasers. 

1) Gamma-ray sources. The magnetic boxes. There. Electrons are trapped. Then the high-energy photon cloud injects energy into those electrons. The side-coming gamma-rays will press the gamma-ray that the bottom system sends into a coherent form. 

2) They release gamma-rays. The nanotechnical version can use the atom chains. Those are in the fullerene nanotube. Then those atoms send the gamma-ray impulse through their electrons. The energy impulse can happen by inputting light quanta into their core. 

Photonic fission, or photonuclear fission, and molecule-level quantum erasing. 

First, the photonic nuclear fission is not fission. It’s so-called quasifission. The atom that gets energy quanta. That rips it in pieces. During that process. The bonds between protons and neutrons release energy. That is stored in them. Those so-called nuclear isomer systems make it possible to create the nuclear bomb. Without fallout. 

“A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy excited state levels (higher energy levels). "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have half-lives of 10−9 seconds or longer,100 to 1000 times longer than the half-lives of the excited nuclear states that decay with a "prompt" half-life (ordinarily on the order of 10−12 seconds). Some references recommend using a threshold of 5×10−9 seconds to distinguish the metastable half-life from the normal "prompt" gamma-emission half-life” (Wikipedia, Nuclear isomer)

“In the latter half of 1998, a small clutch of researchers and students at the University of Texas embarked upon a groundbreaking experiment. Within a large outbuilding marked with a slapdash sign reading “Center for Quantum Electronics”, the team powered up a makeshift X-ray emitter and directed its radiation beam at an overturned disposable coffee cup. Atop the improvised styrofoam platform was a tiny smear of one of the most expensive materials on Earth: a variation of the chemical element hafnium known as Hf-178-m2. (DamnInteresting, Half Science and Hafnium Bombs)

DoD investigated that material as an energy source. But they desire that the system is too expensive. The thorium nuclear systems. They can also use the photonic fissions. The system shoots photonic quanta into the thorium atoms. But the fact is that. The hafnium bomb. It could also give. A booster energy for the hydrogen bomb. 

The big question is this: could this thing make it possible to create a similar effect in other heavy, but stable atoms? Or could photonic fission cause a chain reaction in bismuth atoms? Photonuclear fission reactions can also turn. Things. Like bismuth and lead into nuclear fissile matter. 

Hafnium is the element 72. So there are stable elements behind it before radioactive elements. The problem is that most of those elements are expensive. But the lead could be interesting. For that purpose.

Those atoms are gold and heavier atoms. Those are near the radioactive non-stable elements.  There is a possibility that. The heavier than Hafnium atoms. They could also make similar effects as Hafnium. But most of them  are very expensive. Except lead. But successful photonic fission in lead is possible only in the very pure lead structures. Another requirement is the material. It must be dense  enough. Then the system. It must send the energy impulse precisely in the center of that object. The crossing gamma-rays. They could also cross in the middle of the lead ball. Or nanotechnical injectors can inject light quanta into the center of the lead ball. 

The most feared systems. That those high-energy photons can make. These are so-called non-radioactive decay. Or quasifission. This effect is called photonic fission. The idea is that. The right systems can adjust an atom’s core into a higher energy level. When that energy pumping ends. Those atoms’ cores send a high-energy impulse. To an atom’s electron shell. This happens because an atom will release. It's extra energy in the moment. Where that energy pumping ends. 

The photon fission means cases. The photonic impulses to the atom’s core cause decay. This thing means things like Hafnium bombs into reality. The system. It can use a nanotechnical gamma-ray injector for that purpose. The system must only transmit energy quanta straight into the atom’s core. If this kind of quantum eraser system is possible to make. That system can make it possible to create a system. 

That puts things like metals that just vanish. If that happens in a vehicle, ship, or aircraft. That can cause a thin.  That we can call “Bermuda Syndrome”. If the system injects energy straight into the atom’s core. That energy travels out from the atom’s nucleus. Blowes its electrons away. And if the energy impulse has enough power. That thing rips the entire atomic structure into pieces. We could see that thing as the vanishing aircraft or other structure. 

If that energy impulse has a high enough energy level. That impulse rips electrons out from their orbitals. In the cases of very heavy but stable atoms. The escaping electrons. They can rip an atom’s core into pieces. This is  the idea of things like Hafnium bombs. The nano-size gamma-laser. It can launch light quanta into the atom’s core. The requirement for those systems is this. The light quanta must not touch the photon shell. If the system. It can raise the atom’s core energy level high enough in relation to its electrons. 

That thing can make things like Hafnium bombs possible. The difference between photonics-based and traditional laser technology is simple. Regular lasers will affect electron shells and orbitals. And then those electron shells inject energy into the atom’s nucleus. The quantum photonic system makes it possible to inject energy directly into the atom’s core. This means that the energy of the atom’s core rises higher in relation to regular laser-based energy injections. 

In regular lasers, the system raises the most out of the electron’s energy level. And that presses the atoms together. The outer orbital’s energy level keeps the atom together. If the system. It can decrease the outer electrons. Energy level as low as possible. At the same time. The system. Its energy level in its core is very high. That makes it possible. The energy wave travels across the atom. And then pushes electrons out from its orbitals. 

https://www.damninteresting.com/half-science-and-hafnium-bombs/

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.00040/full

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epja/s10050-024-01303-9

https://magica.com/youtube-summarizer/exploring-hafnium-bombs-the-potential-of-nuclear-isomers-as-a-new-weapon-FHPzQrJ8D7M

https://www.military.com/defensetech/2006/06/13/superbomb-or-crapshoot

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-turn-ordinary-sunlight-into-uv-light-in-major-energy-breakthrough/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium_controversy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_isomer

Researchers found all five bases of DNA and RNA in samples from the asteroid Ryugu.

“A coloured view of 162173 Ryugu taken by JAXA’s space probe Hayabusa2 in 2018. Credit: JAXA/Hayabusa2 (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

"162173 Ryugu (provisional designation 1999 JU3) is a near-Earth object and also a potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It measures approximately 900 metres (3,000 ft) in diameter and is a dark object of the rare spectral type Cb, with qualities of both a C-type asteroid and a B-type asteroid. In June 2018, the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa2 arrived at the asteroid. After making measurements and taking samples, Hayabusa2 left Ryugu for Earth in November 2019 and returned the sample capsule. To Earth. On 5 December 2020. The samples. Showed the presence of organic compounds, such as uracil (one of the four components in RNA) and vitamin B3." (Wikipedia, 162173 Ryugu)

This thing supports the model. Those life-building blocks are coming from space. And they formed DNA and RNA molecules in the Earth's chemical environment. Those bases, or letters on the asteroid Ryugu (162173 Ryugu), cause interesting thoughts. About things like. Could there have been some other habitable planet in our solar system’s past? 

There is suspicion that Mars has a habitable past. But could there be some ancient? A habitable planet that was destroyed in violent impacts?  The hypothetical protoplanet Theia formed the Moon when it impacted Earth. Nobody can prove the existence of that thing. Because Theia was destroyed in that impact. 

The meteorite that reseachers found in the Sahara. Tells about the ancient planet. That was destroyed in the young solar system. The craters on icy moons remind us. About. The chaotic past. In the solar system. Those icy worlds hide evidence. Of violent impacts. The fact is that those base pairs are things. 

That can form the impacts of the planets. Or protoplanets. The origin of Ruygu could be another asteroid. The best candidates are 495 Eulalia. And 142 Polana. But the induction question is: what is the origin of the 495 Eulalia and 142 Polana?  Have they been part of some larger mass? And do those two distant asteroids in Jupiter's trajectory also carry those DNA and RNA building blocks? 

“How the five nucleobases make up RNA and DNA. Credit: Wikimedia Commons” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

“In the Tholen classification scheme, Polana is a primitive carbonaceous asteroid of type F, which is a subdivision of the more common C-type. Under the SMASS classification taxonomy, Polana is listed as a B-type asteroid, a group that combines both the Tholen B and F types. The spectrum of this object suggests the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4), which gives it the spectrally blue coloration that is a characteristic of this SMASS class” (Wikipedia, 142 Polana) 

(Wikipedia, 162173 Ryugu)

“495 Eulalia is a minor planet, specifically an asteroid orbiting in the asteroid belt. Eulalia is very near the 3:1 Jupiter orbital resonance. It is possible that the disruption of Eulalia's parent body resulted in a mass bombardment of the Earth and Moon 800 million years ago, forming the Copernicus crater on the Moon and involving about 50 times. The amount of material of the Chicxulub impact on Earth at the beginning of the Cryogenian geological period. (Wikipedia, 496 Eulalia)

“Microscope images of Ryugu samples collected from the first and second touchdown sites of the Hayabusa2 mission. Credit: JAXA/JAMSTEC” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

“Ryugu sample in its return capsule. Credit: JAXA”(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

The relation of the gravity. Between Jupiter and the inner solar system, objects could rip Ryugy away from the asteroid's main body. 

The shape of Ryugu is interesting. It looks a little bit like a cube. At least from the angle. There, the photo is taken. This is one of the things that makes these kinds of objects interesting. They can store the ancient genetic building blocks. And in the most exciting model, the Ryugu is part of the ancient planet or protoplanet. 

Some kind of protoplanet impacted Earth.  A long time ago. And that impact caused the Moon to separate from Earth. The DNA and RNA building blocks from the asteroid are always interesting things. There is also a small possibility that those building blocks of RNA and DNA are also coming from Earth. This thing can support ideas.  Maybe Earth can deliver some kind of lifeforms to Venus. Those lifeforms could be like the Anthrax bacteria. 

That could take the spore form. And maybe some of those bacteria can stay alive. And flow in Venus’s clouds. In some other models. Tiny viruses from ancient planets could travel between stars. Those genome packs could keep their form in absolute zero degrees Kelvin. 

Maybe. The supernova, or nova explosion. Or some impact could destroy the entire star. And throw those genomes around the universe. But nobody is sure. About the origin of that genetic material, before more samples are collected from the asteroid belt. The interesting information. It  could be. Is there more genetic information frozen in asteroids? Than just those bases that the reseachers found from Ruygu samples. But if Ryugu is the only asteroid that carries these DNA and RNA building blocks. That is also an interesting possibility. 

https://knowridge.com/2026/06/rare-sahara-meteorite-uncovers-a-hidden-planet-from-the-early-solar-system/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-found-all-5-genetic-letters-of-dna-and-rna-on-an-asteroid/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142_Polana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/162173_Ryugu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/495_Eulalia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(hypothetical_planet)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_Moon

Gamma-rays from the center of the Milky Way can open the mystery of dark matter.

Can dark matter be the quantum-size version of the gravastars? 

Dark matter is a mystery. It is suggested that dark matter particles are so-called quantum-size black holes. Einstein’s  models suggest that any objects in the universe. They can turn into black holes. This thing happens. When outside radiation presses electrons into an atom’s core. Then the radiation must “only” melt the particles in the atom’s core. Into one entirety. This entirety is called singularity. There is a suggestion that all particles involve a quantum-sized black hole. And the thing. What we see as a particle is the halo of the quantum-size black hole. 

Then to the hypothetical. gravastars. If we think that the quantum-sized black holes exist. We can think. That. The quantum-sized versions of gravistars or gravitational vacuum stars. Also existed. The gravastar. It could solve many problems in fundamental physics. The gravastar explains dark energy. That. If the shell of a gravastar, or a quantum-sized gravastar, breaks. That lets the gravitational field travel into that gravitational vacuum. That causes the effect. That is similar to a vacuum bomb. That vacuum. It can collect and focus energy. Into the middle of it. 

But some other new models suggest that some black holes are actually gravastars. So-called hollow singularities. There, the entire mass of the object is in that object’s core. The hypothetical gravitational vacuum stars are also dense objects. But their matter is like a ball around the area. Its gravity affects symmetrically from its edge. And that forms the gravitational vacuum in the middle of that object.  

So there is a possibility. The microlensing forms a situation. Their energy focuses straight into the center of the atom’s core. That thing can cause the photonic nuclear reaction. That can cause the neutron decay. Or it could transform a proton in the atom’s nucleus into an anti-proton. That can cause. A nuclear reaction that throws the mass of an entire atom into a ball-shaped structure. And that thing means that the dark matter. It could be like a quantum-sized version of the gravastar. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, Gravastar)

And then to the gamma-rays from the Sagittarius A*.

Strange gamma-ray bursts from near the Milky Way’s center. They are things that are suggested to be from dark matter. But then we can imagine situation that the high-power radiation from the Sgr A*(Sagittarius A*), the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way can form that gamma-ray. The idea is that the extremely high-energy radiation comes from the black hole’s accretion disk, pushing electrons away from the atomic nucleus. When that radiation hits electrons. And free protons that form when hydrogen atoms release their electrons. 

Proton has two up and one down quark.  It is a possibility. The energy impulse can turn an up quark into a down quark. And if that happens in the proton, that baryon turns into a neutron. The neutron involves two down quarks and one up quark. The down quark is a higher-energy particle than the up quark. And neutron decay. It means that the down quark turns back into an up quark.  Also, a high-energy photon. It can cause a photo-nuclear reaction in an atom’s core. The photo-nuclear reaction forms in a situation. That atom transforms into a very high-excitation state. That state can cause a situation. The neutrons start to decay in the atom’s core. 

Those high-power radiation quanta can transform those protons. 

Another up quark. Into down quarks that transform those protons into neutrons. Because the energy level in the material disk around the Sgr A* changes. Those changes can cause decay in just-born neutrons. So that down quark transforms back to an up quark. And that reaction. It releases a W-boson and electrons. The decay produces one proton, two electrons, and one electron antineutrino. So, it's possible that the electron antineutrino hits the electron neutrino. And that should release some kind of radiation. But the radiation that comes from that acceleration disk pushes those electrons away. When those high-energy electrons are far enough from the Sgr A* they realease their extra energy as gamma-ray quanta. 

There are three possible sources. For those gamma-rays. 

1) Still hypothetical dark matter particles. 

2) Nautrons that can form in the high-energy radiation. Or the radiation from Sgr A* can destroy atom nucleus and release those neutrons. Then, neutron decay sends electrons. Or, one proton, two electrons. And one electron antineutrino. 

3) Electrons that high-energy radiation releases from their orbitals. When those electrons travel away from Sgr A*. And the energy transfer to those electrons ends. That thing makes them send gamma-rays. 

Some effects near supermassive black holes are not actually very exotic. Those things can happen more often than anywhere else. This means that the mysterious gamma rays can open the path. To find out the mystery of dark matter. The mystery is. Are dark matter particles? If they exist, a source for those gamma-ray bursts. There is a question. Does dark matter even have a particle form? And if those hypothetical particles are the source of those gamma-rays. 

That radiation. It can form when those particles impact. Or it can be the transformation radiation. That means the black hole radiation. It can transform particles into dark matter. The idea is that. The spin of the particle turns into 1 or higher. That thing means that the particle can turn invisible. As long as it binds energy inside it. So it's possible. That. The high-energy radiation. It can turn a particle invisible. And maybe that transformation. It can be seen as gamma-ray flashes. 

The thing. That dark matter causes a gravitational effect. It means that the dark matter should surround any black hole in the universe. Or actually, every gravity center will pack dark matter around it. But the problem is this. Nobody has seen dark matter yet. So, the dark matter halo. The matter. The matter that surrounds supermassive black holes should be large and dense enough. The astronomers could observe that strange matter. The dark matter could lens light. But that thing is very hard to separate from the gravitational lensing. 

The problem with that thing. It is the high-energy material disk around the black hole. The high-energy, extremely bright material disk. Covers the dark matter below it. In the same way, a traffic light can cover dust and snow below its brightness.  And maybe those very dense objects. They can deliver information about the strange gravitational effect. Known as dark matter. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/a-mysterious-gamma-ray-stream-comes-from-the-milky-ways-center-could-dark-matter-have-something-to-do-with-it

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/supermassive-black-holes-may-be-surrounded-by-dark-matter-clusters-new-echo-map-technique-suggests

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_neutron_decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_emission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Gravastars and the matrioshka universe.

“An expanding mini-universe could counterbalance the collapsing matter of a star, thereby creating a stable gravastar. Credit: Daniel Jampolski and Luciano Rezzolla, Goethe University Frankfurt” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say a New Universe Could Form Inside a Dying Star)

“A new study suggests that the collapse of a massive star could spark the creation of a tiny expanding universe rather than a black hole. The resulting object, called a gravastar, would avoid the singularity and event horizon that make black holes so puzzling.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say a New Universe Could Form Inside a Dying Star)

The hole in the Higgs field. It denies the gravitational interaction between the center. And  its environment. The gravastar forms when an exploding star. It will form the shell. All the mass of the star is in that shell. And that makes. The symmetrical gravitational pull inside that star. This thing can even rip a hole in the Higgs field. 

And that means. It's possible that there is no Higgs field at some point. Even a small mass around that bubble can keep that structure stable. The idea is that the entire mass of the structure is around that bubble. 

This means that the black holes can be multiple independent phenomena. The idea of gravastars is this: When a star. It is far more massive than. The Betelgeuse or red supergiant. It falls as a supergiant. When its energy production ends. But that causes a situation in the falling star’s fusion restarts again. The star packs material into its core. And that causes such a strong energy burst that the matter will be erased. The powerful radiation rips the star into pieces. And if that matter spreads too far. That denies the possibility. That gravity. It cannot pull that nebula back together. 

A black hole forms after the supernova explosion when gravity pulls matter back together. But if the radiation that the explosion forms is too powerful. That thing can rip a hole into the Higgs field. The Higgs field is the base energy field in the universe. That field carries gravitational waves. Or, gravity waves are a wave movement in that field. And without that field, there is no gravity. If there is no Higgs field. There. The gravitational center cannot touch. That thing denies gravitational interaction between the center and the environment. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.)

Can there be other universes inside our universe? 

A gravitational wave is like a ditch that travels through the universe. The energy hill between those ditches always turns lower. The reason for that is the expansion of the universe. When. The energy ditch. Or a lower energy point in the Higgs field impact object. The energy hill behind that energy ditch pushes objects into that energy ditch. The most reasonable reason. For why does gravity act only in one direction? 

It is in the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands. That turns the Higgs field weaker. This means that the energy hills between gravity waves are always lower. And because of the energy hill behind the object. What we look at from the gravity center is always higher. Than. The next one. That means that energy hills behind objects push particles into the gravitational center. This means that later energy hills. Between those energy ditches. always turn out to be lower. And that raises a question. Could there be two kinds of gravitational effects? The long-distance wave effect. 

And the short-distance effect. There. A fast-spinning object. Roll quantum fields around them. And then there is a question: can there be gravitational vacuums in the universe? The idea is that the Higgs field is that. The Higgs field delivers gravitational waves. Or, gravitation is a phenomenon that uses the Higgs field  as a transporter. So if there is a hole in the Higgs field. Or base-energy field in the universe. There is no gravity at that point. Because of that. The gravitational wave motion. It  cannot reach objects inside those bubbles. 

When an ultra-heavy star dies, it can form a structure that is weirder than a black hole. The object is called a gravastar. Or, a gravitational vacuum star. The idea is that. When the supernova explosion is strong enough. That thing can form a situation. There. In the gravitational field. Or, in the Higgs field, forms a bubble. If there is no Higgs field. There is no gravity. And that means there forms a gravitational vacuum. There is no gravitation at all. 

The gravastar is hard to detect. Or it doesn’t differ much in black holes. So, the gravastar might look like a black hole. When we think about the supernova explosions. Those violent events destroy entropy. And that means that. At that point. The speed of light is higher than the speed of light around it. So when the supernova explosion sends particles that travel behind the shockwave. ‘

Those particles travel faster than they could travel outside that shockwave. When particles reach that plasma wave. They release energy into that thing.  The plasma shockwave travels behind the radiation. And the scattering effect is strongest. Radiation. The explosion pushes material out from the star. And if the explosion is strong enough. And it forms at the point. That is small enough. That can destroy a star in its way. That the black hole will not form. 

The matrioshka universe means a universe. That is full of internal structures. This means that the universe is like a matryoshka doll. Full of internal universes. And maybe we. Or the universe that we know. It is part of some larger universe. 

But the idea of the universe. That form in the giant star explosion base. It is in the wave-particle duality. When a shockwave travels out from the supernova. It travels through the base energy field. This event forms energy whirls behind that shockwave. 

And this causes a situation. There, those energy whirls start to crystallize into particles. This is one version of the models and hypotheses that suggest that we are living in a black hole. This theory suggests that we are in a black hole. That could be inside other black holes. But the problem is: why can't we see those other universes? The answer. It is suggested that the black hole’s event horizon mixes the information in the form. That we cannot detect. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-say-a-new-universe-could-form-inside-a-dying-star/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field_(classical)

Time is not universal.

The time is not stable. Even in our solar system. Time runs differently on different planets. Clock runs faster on Mars than on Earth. The difference is minimal. But that causes problems with atom clocks. And that is the thing that makes problems for things like GPS on Mars. Same way. The massive stars cause time to move more slowly, for example, near Betelgeuse than near the Sun. In the same way, there are points in the universe. 

There is no time. The thing that makes time run slower on Earth. Than. On Mars are the quantum fields. The larger and heavier object. The Earth pulls quantum fields denser near Earth. Than Mars. And that causes the situation. The particles' evaporation is slower near Earth. These kinds of things matter in very high-energy and massive particles. But this raises a question: Is time an illusion? The quantum interaction that we see is a particle’s evaporation. Or particles turn into wave movement. This is one of the ways we see time. When we think about the ultimate objects. 

Black holes, we can say that there is a point. There is no time. Time depends on the speed. The photon that travels at the speed of light has no time. In the same way, the black hole’s event horizon is the point. There is no time. Time dilation means that the particle’s evaporation turns slower. In the speed of light. And in these cases, the escaping velocity is the same. 

As the speed of light. That means time is stopped. When escaping velocity. Turns higher than the speed of light. That turns particles younger. And if the escaping velocity is higher. Than the speed of light. The particle delivers photons. And that means. It turns into a wave movement. 

The particle. That is. On that point. Reaches energy stability. The particle receives as much energy as it releases. And that means that. The particle will not turn. Younger or older. If the particle’s spin is high enough. It could store more energy than it releases. And that will make that particle invisible. 

So, as long as particle packs quantum fields around it. It turns younger. But that thing makes it a black hole. The object that binds more energy than it releases. The idea of the Tipler cylinder. Or Tipler's time machine is simple. The cylinder that surrounds things like giant spaceships spins at the speed of light. That denies aging in that spaceship. But the problem is this. The Tipler’s cylinder just locks energy in the objects. That means the particles’ energy level stays stable. But the expansion of the universe causes a situation. 

There, the energy level around the cylinder decreases. And if the craft sometimes comes out of that cylinder. That thing can cause energy escape. That destroys the craft. So the expansion of the universe decreases its energy level. Or, it decreases the energy level of the visible energy. The expansion of the universe causes matter evaporation. 

Because it decreases the energy level of the quantum fields. This means that the expansion of the universe. Causes a situation. That matter turns into energy. And that is one determinant for time. But another determinant is this. We can lock time. We can turn particles younger. But can we make a time machine? If we want to travel to the future, we can create the Tipler cylinder. 

If the particle’s evaporation happens in the cosmic voids or outside the universe. That evaporation can be a source of dark energy. When particles send light quanta into cosmic voids. Or, outside the universe. Those light quanta travel faster than they should. When they impact denser or stronger quantum fields. 

They will send subquanta. That means that dark energy could be seen as some kind of Cherenkov radiation. Another thing is this. When a neutron travels out from the atom's core. Their existence remains about 15 minutes. Then down qurk turns. Into up quark sending W-boson.  This means that the down quark doesn’t turn into an electron. Itself. The other down quark. It forms a W-boson, and that sends an electron. The down quark turns into an up quark. And a neutron turns into a proton. 

Then neutrons turn into electrons, protons, and an antineutrino. This happens when quarks turn into those particles. There is a small possibility that the dark energy could be radiation.  That quarks send just before they turn into some other particles. The dark energy could be a result of radiation. That is sourced. in some extremely short-lived particle. 

That is a one-way time machine. But in the case that we want to travel to the past. We need time. That affects the space.  Does time affect space? We know that retrocausality is real. This means that information can travel from the future to the past. The retrocausality means a situation. That particle or information  seems to reach its goal. Before it is left from the beginning point. This means that the matter. Or photons, or electrons  that traveled through quantum fields. 

Like a cloud of ultra-cold radium atoms, aging slower than they should. This means that gamma-rays from those atoms pump energy into those photons or electrons. This doesn’t mean that those objects will not reach the goal before they leave from the start. That means that gamma-rays can slow down individual particles' aging. But if we want to create real retrocausality. We must realize the situation. Something that comes from the future exists from that point. This means that retrocausality. It is a very hard thing to prove. 

But if we think that the gravity field and escape velocity slow the aging of particles. We call that thing time dilation. Things like cosmic voids cause opposite time dilation. Their extremely low energy quantum fields. Let energy escape faster. From the particles. This means that time moves faster in cosmic voids. If the energy level outside the universe is lower. Than. It's in the universe. And there the particles evaporate immediately. There is a possibility that this kind of evaporation. The particles are the reason for the dark energy. 

When we think that the time is particle evaporation. That means time stops somewhere in the future. When all matter turns back. Into energy. That means that time is over. But otherwise, if time affects space. Not. Just matter. That causes a situation. That may be how black holes transport information back to the point. There it left. 

https://www.aol.com/physicists-discover-time-may-illusion-115100062.html

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/quantum-physics/time-might-be-a-mirage-created-by-quantum-physics-study-suggests

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a71526768/curved-time/

The size matters in cosmological models.

“Two images from the Quijote simulations used in this study. The panels show the same region of the Universe, but in different cosmological models. The top image corresponds. To the standard ΛCDM, adiabatic cold dark matter model, while the bottom image shows a universe with massive neutrinos and modified gravity. “(ScitechDaily, AI Learned the Rules of the Universe and That Became a Problem)

The differences are subtle, but they reveal how changes in the underlying physics can affect the formation and distribution of cosmic structures. Credit: Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro (ScitechDaily, AI Learned the Rules of the Universe and That Became a Problem)

The term ACDM can also mean : the associated critical data model. That is the critical tool, when the sensor. It transmits information to the AI. 

AI can help cosmologists, but it can also become a problem. 

The method researchers call transferable learning can help them develop new models in cosmology and many other things. The term transferable learning. Means when the system learns something. It can apply. That learned thing. To other similar cases. So, when AI sees similar curves in some other cases. It can use things that it has already learned. To that other problem. This means that. The researchers must not always. Begin the training process. From the beginning. 

The AI can search for similarities for the new thing in its memory. And if there is a match. That thing means that the AI. It can use that model for reaction. This should make AI more effective. The problem is this. The AI selects its sources using statistics. And that can make it hard to bring new data for the AI. Old research. They are very often-used sources. If somewhere is the new data. Before, nobody used the new data as a source. Old data dominates search engines. The AI is an excellent tool. When it must collect and analyse data from the galaxy movements. 

But in cases like supermassive neutrons, the AI is in trouble. The AI is the best in business. When it must analyze precise information. Things like galaxy clusters and their movements are precise information. But in cases like supermassive neutrinos. The AI is not very good. At things where it must create models for new physics. When AI must observe phenomena. It can interpret them as the same. Even if they are different. Or in the cases. 

There are some observations. Objects’ temperatures change. The AI might not know that the object’s temperature can change virtually. Because if something travels between the telescope and the object. That means. that the brightness or temperature. That reaches the observer changes. The AI might not notice things like clouds. In the Earth's atmosphere. Or other surprises when it observes some targets like Cepheid variables. If the system doesn’t know about that thing. It can recognize the Cepheid variable as a new star. If it doesn’t know that the star is a Cepheid. 

When AI tries to analyze a certain point. That thing is very hard to do. But when AI must analyze. A very large entirety. The AI becomes more effective. The AI sees things. Like movements of galaxy clusters. And it can make. An analysis of the changes in those movements. We can use fuzzy logic to analyze how the star clusters move in the galaxy. But then we face a problem. If we try to predict. The movement of the galaxy. In its supercluster. That is hard. 

We must know the entire system to make. A complete analysis with high precision. 

The problem is in perspective. The thing that seems large on Earth. Seems very small in the scale of the Sun. And the sun seems very small in the scale of the galaxy. When the scale of the system turns bigger. The forces in the system are also stronger. In big systems. The phenomenon scale is larger. But they affect more slowly. From our perspective. The forces that travel between galaxies take millions of years to reach other galaxies. The distance between the Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way. It is 2.6 million ly. So light travels 2,6 million years from that galaxy to the Milky Way. And that means that any force traveling between those galaxies needs 2,6 million years for that trip. 

When we try to create a model. Of how one small sand bite behaves in a river. We must know many things. Like changes in the forces that affect the sand bite. But if we want to predict how the sand bottom behaves in the river. We can make that calculation very easily. When we think about galaxies. Stars are like sand bites on the bottom. 

One star’s behavior is hard to predict. But the entirety is quite easy to  calculate. And then we can go to bigger systems. In galactic superclusters, the galaxy is like sandbite on the bottom of the river. The force that affects the entire galaxy. Must be much harder than the force that affects sandbite. But millions of galaxies. They send. A very much. Energy. Many sudden things can happen in the galactic superclusters. Those events might not. Seem.

Like a very sudden thing. But an eruption in the core of the galaxy can start in milliseconds. Shockwave travels across the galaxy at the speed of light. So, if the star is at a distance. Of two light-years from the eruption source. The shockwave of radiation. It travels to that star. So, if Sagittarius A erupts violently in the core of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The radiation travels to Earth 26.000 years. The distance between Earth and that supermassive black hole. It’s 26.000 ly. The material, or plasma shockwaves, travel far behind that radiation shockwave. And the distance between plasma and wave movement increases all the time. 

 But. If things like supermassive black holes are in the trajectory. That makes them collide. That thing is very hard to change. When we face things like galactic superclusters. Things that happen on that scale seem very slow. But forces that put galaxies. To turn their trajectories into travel. At the speed of light. The force. That affects things. Like, turn their trajectories. Must affect a certain time with a certain force. 

If we want to create an AI that analyzes galactic clusters star by star. We cannot make that thing. In the galactic scale, it suddenly happens. Violent eruptions. Those eruptions can break the entire model. In the scale of superclusters, events like supernovas don’t have enough force to affect the macrosystem. But a supernova could destroy things like dwarf galaxies. But if the supernova explosion happens in dense star clusters. That shockwave. Can. Launch other supernova explosions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-learned-the-rules-of-the-universe-and-that-became-a-problem/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

About dark energy. And its existence.

"Astronomers say a new analysis has reinforced one of the most important discoveries in modern cosmology, finding that the universe is still expanding at an accelerating rate."(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Confirm Dark Energy After Shock Challenge Rocked Cosmology)

"The result counters a controversial claim made in late 2025 that suggested dark energy, the mysterious phenomenon thought to drive the universe’s accelerating expansion, might be weakening. If true, that claim would have called into question decades of research and a cornerstone of modern astronomy."(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Confirm Dark Energy After Shock Challenge Rocked Cosmology)

Astronomers confirmed dark energy. And that means the universe’s expansion continues to accelerate. So, dark energy will not turn weaker. It’s possible that because the gravitational effect between objects decreases. And the relation between gravity and dark energy changes. This means that the gravitational effect turns weaker. And the dark energy effect turns stronger. The fact is that. Also, visible energy interacts with structures in the universe. And at the beginning of the universe. Objects were closer. But things like plasma and energy were “denser”. 

So, that means that the energy effect in the young universe was stronger than in the modern universe. Dark energy is a wave motion. That originates in the unknown. There is suspicion that dark energy has its origin. In the particles, superstrings. The superstring forms a whisk-shaped structure. 

The expansion of the universe puts that structure to oscillate. Those superstrings´ oscillation. It forms a wave movement that they transmit around the universe. In that model, the dark energy is a wave movement. Its origin is in very small particles. The number of those particles is in this model. A very high. And that explains the effect of dark energy. It is visible only in relation to the large-scale structures. 

So, could those particles that form dark energy be photons? Photons are the ring- or a donut-shaped structure. And that means photons could focus energy. In the middle of it. In that case, the photon could focus energy. Like the Higgs field in the middle of it. That point. It can turn into a quantum-sized quasar. This means that the photon. It can theoretically form. 

The quantum-size Kugelblitz black hole. In the middle of it. There is a possibility that a photon traps a neutrino in the middle of it. And electromagnetic radiation affects that photon. Or the neutrino spins very fast. That thing can turn a neutrino into a quantum-sized black hole. And that could be a source. For dark energy. In some other models, A wave string travels. Through a photon. That string. It can act as the thermal pump that transports energy out from the photon. If that happens fast enough. The photon turns invisible. And it collects energy for that thermal pump. 

This means that dark energy must have an internal source in our universe. But before we see a particle that transmits dark energy. We cannot be sure what that strange force is. That rips the universe in pieces. This means that dark energy is formed when the universe is born in the Big Bang. The problem is this. If. The level of dark energy is always the same. 

And the universe expands. This means that. The dark energy. It does not have a connection. With the Big Bang. The energy level. The amount of dark energy should decrease when the universe expands. If that energy was released from the Big Bang or some ancient particles, send it. Before they turned into some existing elementary particles. If the source of the dark energy is lost. That energy should turn weaker. And that causes an interesting idea. 

The image of a photon. 

What if the source of dark energy is outside the universe? Things like antimatter-matter annihilation outside the universe. It can be the source of dark energy. 

This means that. It’s possible that there are some kind of radiation sources. People tried to explain dark energy. As evidence of a multiverse. In this theory, dark energy has a source. In other universes. In some other model. The dark energy forms when a hypothetical tachyon particle enters our universe. The entropy and scattering effects outside the universe are very low. 

So, these particles can travel faster. Than. They travel in the universe. This means that a tachyon is a particle that travels faster than it should. So when some particle comes from outside the universe. In the universe. That particle can travel faster. Than. It can travel in the universe. This causes an effect. The particle must slow its speed. The particle must release its energy. For slowing. This means that dark energy. It can be some kind of Cherenkov radiation. 

Cherenkov radiation forms when. A neutron comes out of a nuclear reactor. In a short moment, that particle travels faster than light travels in water. The neutron must slow its speed. And it sends a blue light shockwave. The same thing makes the sky blue. When a neutrino or electron hits the atmosphere. It travels faster than light does in the atmosphere. And this means. Those particles release their kinetic energy as the blue light flash. 

But if dark energy is some kind of Cherenkov radiation. That doesn’t mean that the source of those particles is in the other universes. The dark energy is visible only between galaxy superclusters. All galaxies have halos around them. That means that. The galaxies might be surrounded by a similar plasma halo that forms a heliopause around the Sun. The plasma bubble or standing impact wave. Forms when solar wind impacts stellar wind. The stellar wind. It is the particle flow from other stars. 

In the same way, galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters are probably surrounded by impact waves that form. When particle flow from other structures impacts the particle flow. That comes from galaxies in our clusters and superclusters. If those impact waves exist. They would be denser points in the universe. This means that. Scattering effect. It is stronger in that structure. This means that. The speed of light in that plasma wave is a little bit lower. 

The speed of light in and outside those plasma bubbles. So when a particle impacts that plasma bubble. It releases its energy into that plasma wave. This means the energy that the slowing particle sends. Continues as a wave in that plasma halo. This causes an effect. The plasma ball sends energy. Into the middle of it. This means. That this oscillating plasma interacts like a vacuum bomb. The energy that the plasma ball sends inside it. Reflects back. And that can mean that the plasma balls are the source of that mysterious energy. 

Or maybe particles that travel through wormholes. Are. The source of dark energy. The wormhole. It is a hypothetical energy tunnel. Through space and time. The energy level of those particles is higher than it should be. And they should release their energy. In the form of some kind of radiation.If there is no entropy in front of the particle that travels in a wormhole. Nothing limits its speed.  In the same way as when high-energy particles come out from galaxy superclusters, they send energy to space that is at a lower energy level than they are. 

Sometimes it is suggested that the dark matter particles form dark energy. When they evaporate. This would be an interesting idea. But nobody has seen dark matter. 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1131610

https://www.msn.com/en-us/science/astronomy/astronomers-debunk-controversial-study-confirm-universe-still-expanding-at-accelerating-rate/ar-AA25tzft

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/06/260612032030.htm

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-confirm-dark-energy-after-shock-challenge-rocked-cosmology/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://spaceeyenews.com/dark-energy-acceleration-confirmed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Interesting details of mythical Planet 9.

“The Subaru Telescope has spotted a cosmic relic that could rewrite what we know about the early Solar System. Nicknamed 'Ammonite' but officially designated 2023 KQ14, this newly discovered space rock is now the fourth known sednoid, a rare class of distant, icy bodies with highly elongated orbits that dance around the outermost fringes of our cosmic neighbourhood. What makes Ammonite special? It’s not just its extreme orbit. It's a frozen relic from the dawn of the Solar System, offering clues about how our planets formed around the Sun, and whether a mysterious ninth planet still lurks in the darkness.” (BBC Sky at Night magazine,Ancient relic discovered on the edge of our Solar System could help solve the Planet Nine mystery)

Search for Planet 9 continues. Planet 9 is the name. For the mysterious gravitational effect. That affects the trajectory of the planet Neptune. The new observations about the trans-Neptunian objects, TNOs. Offer an alternative reason for those mysterious gravitational effects. The new trans-Neptunian object. Called 2017 OF201. is the candidate for a dwarf planet. And that object is interesting for searching for Planet X. The 2017 OF201 diameter. It is about 700 kilometers. 

Reseachers used that object’s trajectory. For searching for Planet 9. The 2017 OF201 tells. That there could be more massive objects in the Kuiper belt. And that means that. The alternative explanation for Planet X is the swarm of small objects in the Kuiper belt. A large number of dwarf planets can affect the large planet’s trajectories. But the problem is: could the mass of Kuiper belt objects be so high? Do they affect the trajectory of planet Neptune? 

The finding of the 2017 QF201 caused a new search. And the newest object in our solar system. It is the 2023 KQ14, nicknamed “Ammonite”. 

Or could the situation there, Alpha Centauri A and B, and Proxima Centauri, along with the Luhman 16 system, form the line? Could those systems, along with Kuiper belt objects, cause the situation in which Neptune’s trajectory wobbles? The latest found TNO. It is the 2023 KQ14. The Subaru telescope found the distant object in the Kuiper belt. And that means that. The large mass of the Kuiper belt might not be found. There can be objects that are waiting for their finders. Those two objects tell us. We don’t know the Kuiper belt yet. 

There is still a possibility. That. There is a cold planet outside the solar system. The mass of planet 9 would be larger than that of Earth. But the problem is that the most promising area for that very distant planet is very far away. For probes like New Horizons, it takes 118 years to reach that area. There is always a possibility that the probe travels to the wrong point. And that means it cannot find the unknown planet. 

“Artist's impression of Quaoar rings. Credit: Paris Observatory” (ScitechDaily, Space Mystery: Unexpected New Ring System Discovered in Our Own Solar System)

But there are also many alternative explanations for Planet 9. If we talk about the mysterious gravity effect. One of the most exciting versions is that. Planet 9 could be a primordial black hole. The small black hole that can lurk inside the icy shell. Reseachers suggest that.  In the universe. There can be small black holes. Those planet-mass black holes. They can lurk inside the structures. That seems like a planet. The size of those theoretical objects can be smaller than a coin. They could create an ice shell around them. If Planet 9 is a primordial black hole. 

That thing. It can be very small and massive. So, if that hypothetical primordial black hole exists. The object called Quaoar is one of the strongest candidates for that thing. The dwarf planet Quaoar has a ring system and moons. The gravity on that object is extremely weak. Or it should be so weak. That the moon and the ring system should not exist. The size. Of. Quaoar is so small. It cannot create a magnetic field. Because Quaoar should not have a melted core. 

There is, of course. A possibility that some kind of gas. Or water can stay liquid. In that extremely low. gravitation and temperature. That thing can carry magnetic particles around the core of that small world. This means that there could be stranger objects than water moons. The water moon means the moons like Jupiter’s Europa. There are low gravity and tidal forces. That keeps those oceans liquid. In that case, water plays the same role as magma basalt. Plays on Earth. So, could there be objects? That are. Similar to the Europa moon? But those objects formed of methane or carbon dioxide ice? The water is replaced by some gas. 

This explains the rings of Quaoar. But things like its satellite Weywot, and another possible. But not a confirmed satellite. They are harder to explain. By using plasma whirls as an explanation. Some people think that Weywot is too far from Quaoar to be its stable companion. But otherwise, conditions in the outer solar system are very stable. 

“Weywot is about 116–172 km (72–107 mi) in diameter and orbits Quaoar every 12.4 days at an average distance of 13,300 km (8,300 mi). Weywot is thought to play a role in maintaining Quaoar's outer ring by gravitationally influencing it in an orbital resonance.” (Wikipedia, Weywot). 

If those rings are locked in Quaoar’s plasma rings. The Quaoar must have a magnetic field. So the magnetic field can form in the interaction. There, weak gravity packs plasma around Quaoar. Then that plasma starts to whirl around the dwarf planet. And that acts as a plasma generator. Another version is that there is something very heavy in that small object. The primordial black hole. It is an interesting theorem. And maybe someday we could see what causes the gravitational effect. In the planet Neptune's trajectory?

https://www.astronomy.com/science/is-planet-nine-a-black-hole-or-a-planet-harvard-scientists-suggest-a-way-to-find-out/

https://scitechdaily.com/is-planet-nine-real-new-discovery-at-the-edge-of-the-solar-system-adds-a-twist/

https://scitechdaily.com/space-mystery-unexpected-new-ring-system-discovered-in-our-own-solar-system/

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/news/ammonite-2023-kq14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_OF201

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_KQ14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaoar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weywot

How can a black hole be active, even if nothing can escape from it?

The source of Hawking radiation can be in high-energy photons. That orbit black hole near its event horizon. 

In this case, the word “active” means that the black hole sends massive gamma and X-ray bursts. Black holes don’t themselves emit any other known radiation besides gravitational waves. So, the source of the gamma- and X-ray emissions is in reactions in its halo and acceleration disks. The transition or accretion disk around a black hole impacts the formation. The particles start to whirl around the spin axis of the black hole. The thing that spins can be the black hole itself. Or the spin effect of the halo. That forms when particles fall into that supermassive object. The speed at different points in the accretion disk and halo forms friction. That friction forms extreme heat and energy. This is one of the reasons why the radiation is strongest. At the point of the relativistic jet. 

That we see as the black hole’s gamma- and X-ray emission. When a black hole sends gravitational waves. It forms short-term denser rings in the accretion disk. And that causes a difference in energy levels in that thing. In the same way, radiation from a black hole forms a situation where the energy level in the material disk changes. That causes internal friction in the disk. Entropy in that disk is very low. But radiation. That forms when the black hole sends gravitational waves, and hypothetical Hawking radiation causes small whirls in it. When particles like electrons impact those whirls. That forms radiation. Like X-rays and gamma-rays. 

Can the source of some kind of Hawking radiation and the black hole’s active period be in the parasite black holes? A parasite black hole can form in a photon that orbits a black hole at the point of the event horizon. When those photons that the black hole trapped in the event horizon face particles and wave movement. 

They start to glow. And that glow focuses energy in the middle of the photon. That energy can form. The quantum-size black hole. Those quantum-size black holes. They can be similar to their larger companions. They have an acceleration disk and an energy stylus. Those small black holes can sometimes steal a photon from the larger black hole. 

The hair of a black hole would be photons that are trapped around those quantum-sized black holes. Those hypothetical high-energy photons can destroy particles that fall into a black hole. But they can also push the halo and material disk away. This means that those quantum-sized black holes can also cause. The destruction of the larger black holes. 

“When water in a sink encounters a drain, the water doesn’t immediately all go into the drain unless the flow is slow, doesn’t overflow the drain, and remains confined to a narrow area that goes directly into the drain. For all other cases, the water will have to flow near and/or around the drain before entering it, and has a more difficult time doing so the smaller the drain is.

Credit: Dean Hochman/flickr.” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“When a disturbance is created in a pond, such as by dropping a stone into an otherwise still body of water, it will generate ripples that propagate circularly outward. If water falls into an already-existing body of water, even if there’s an open drain at the bottom, that water can get kicked up and splashed out entirely, as though it were ejected from the environment around the drain, rather than getting sucked into the drain. Credit: Sergiu Bacioiu/flickr. “(BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“Instead of water flowing into a drain, a black hole can have material flowing into its event horizon: the region of space around it that serves as a boundary between what can escape and what can’t escape. From outside the event horizon, infalling material often can pile up on top of itself, and not all (or even most) of that piled-up material will eventually wind up being devoured by the event horizon itself. Credit: Big Think / NASA” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“This illustration shows a model of what powers a microquasar: a downscaled version of a supermassive black hole within an active galaxy. The central black hole gains an accretion disk, which in turn generates its own powerful magnetic field. When an additional source of matter (at left) comes into play, the interaction between that new matter and the existing accretion disk can lead to flares, winds, and the emission of large numbers of charged particles and copious radiation, among other signals.

Credit: E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino and A. Lazarian, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2005”  (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“An illustration of an active black hole, one that accretes matter and accelerates a portion of it outward in two perpendicular jets. The normal matter undergoing an acceleration like this describes how quasars and active galaxies work extremely well. Flows of matter inside the accretion disk can lead to flares in a black hole’s emissions. All known, well-measured black holes have enormous rotation rates, and the laws of physics, particularly the conservation of angular momentum, all but ensure that this is mandatory. Credit: University of Warwick/Mark A. Garlick” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

Can the hypothetical Hawking radiation come from the black hole itself? Or can it come from photons that orbit a black hole’s event horizon? Black holes are very heavy objects. They can pull even light inside it. This means that there are also photons. That orbits a black hole near its event horizon. Those photons can be a source of radiation that we cannot detect. When other photons and particles impact those photons. They can send a wave movement. 

The photon’s shape, which is like a donut, causes the idea that maybe black holes are sometimes hairy. And sometimes they might not have those hairs. When wave movement hits those photons. They start to collect energy in the middle of it. That energy can form. The quantum-size black hole at the edge of the black hole’s event horizon. So the photon around those hypothetical black holes would be the hair. That erases matter. Those parasite black holes can also send radiation that we see as coming from the main black holes. Sooner or later, those parasite black holes fall into the main black hole. This means that a black hole can have hair. That suddenly disappears. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-holes-active-if-nothing-escapes/

https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/space-astronomy/astrophysics/the-anatomy-of-a-black-hole-diving-deep-into-the-singularity/

Spacetime crystals can suddenly turn into black holes.

“Physicists have long known that black holes do not necessarily have to form from collapsing stars. Under the right conditions, spacetime itself can organize into a delicate, highly ordered state that sits on the threshold between ordinary space and something far more extreme. Credit: Stock

A new mathematical breakthrough sheds light on how tiny black holes could emerge from critical states of spacetime.” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Black holes are often portrayed as cosmic giants, swallowing stars and shaping entire galaxies. But some of the most intriguing black holes predicted by physics could be far smaller than an atom. For decades, scientists have known that Einstein’s theory of relativity allows these microscopic black holes to form under extraordinary conditions. The problem was proving exactly how it happens.” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

Can there be an object that wobbles between a quark star (quark pack) and a black hole? The idea is that. The evaporation of a small black hole delivers. A little bit of its mass. If that object’s size is very close to the Schwarzchild radius. That thing can cause a situation where the size turns below the Swarzschild radius. That makes the object visible. This can happen when the energy level in that black hole rises too high. And it pushes the acceleration disk too far. 

That can cause a situation where the black hole’s size turns below the Schwarzschild radius. The reason I use the name Qark star about this object’s visible side is that. Hypothetical quark stars can be the only visible objects. Before the black holes. That causes an interesting question. Can those quark stars be the same as the space-time crystals? Or maybe they are very high-speed neutron stars. 

The spacetime crystals that can turn into black holes are new theoretical models in fundamental quantum physics. The spacetime crystals are the new versions of the time crystal. But those new “crystals” have the extra dimension. The idea is that a tiny black hole can form from critical states of spacetime. This thing means a very fast particle. That can spin or travel ahead. can pack the spacetime states around them. Then those states press the particle into a black hole. 

And after that, that tiny black hole locks it in those states. The requirement for that process is simple. Energy that will not escape from that particle. That thing means that when a particle’s spin is close to the speed of light. And it moves ahead. That movement can cause a situation. The particle falls into a black hole. And maybe a little bit modified time crystal can act as a model for that. When particles in a time crystal spin very fast. And then that time crystal travels forward in the same time. That thing can cause a situation. That particle turns into a black hole. 

“Sometimes a tiny, seemingly insignificant cause is enough to trigger a huge and dramatic change,” says Prof. Daniel Grumiller from TU Wien. “Take liquid water at zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), for example. A very small change is enough to make the water freeze. The water molecules then spontaneously arrange themselves into a regular pattern and form an ice crystal.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Physicists believe spacetime can undergo a comparable transition.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, matter and energy shape the geometry of spacetime. Massive objects such as stars create strong distortions, while smaller objects produce weaker effects. Under very specific conditions, however, these distortions can organize themselves into an unexpectedly ordered structure.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Left: visualization of a spacetime crystal. Right: a cubic crystal structure. Credit: TU Wien” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole). In the same way as water crystallizes at zero degrees Celsius, the spacetime forms crystals in certain conditions. This means that the spacetime crystals are “ice”. In the spacetime. The idea in the model that the spacetime crystals can form a black hole is explored in these two models. The spacetime crystals can wobble back and forth. If the speed of light around those structures changes. Or some higher energy impulse hits those spacetime crystals. That thing can make a situation. 

That. Those spacetime crystals turn into a black hole. If spacetime crystals are like time crystals. We could use time crystals as a model of those things. “In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state. “ (Wikipedia, Time Crystal). 

The thing is that. The lowest possible energy level is relative. The difference between energy levels inside and outside the particle determines how cold the object is. The particle is not cold or hot. It's cold or hot compared to something. Cold means that energy travels to a particle. And hot means energy. Travels into that particle. 

When the environment pumps energy into particles that spin. At a very high speed. That can turn those particles into black holes. The shell of those time crystals. It is the common quantum field that connects rows of particles. Under it. The quantum perpetual motion machine means the time crystal. That can recycle all its energy. When one of those particles touches the quantum field around those particles. It transfers energy to that. And then that energy travels on the opposite side of the quantum field. This means that. If the energy comes from outside. That energy can press those particles into the black hole. And when one particle in that structure falls into a black hole. It pulls everything into it. 

When we talk about neutrons. They can act as time crystals. This means that when the speed of the neutron stars rises very high. That effect can stretch those neutrons. That pulls quarks in those neutrons into straight lines. And that thing can turn. The neutrons. Into. Time crystal-shaped structures. 

In some models, the Bosen-Einstein condensate can be used. As the model for those spacetime crystals. When the speed of light around those crystals changes. That effect causes a situation there, electron. Some other particle propels forward. And that causes a situation. There, that spacetime crystal’s shell slows its speed. That causes an effect. On the particles inside. That spacetime crystal. Travel faster than the speed of light in a very short moment. 

The shell of the time crystal pumps energy into those particles. And in that case, those particles can turn into a black hole. The spacetime crystals cause an interesting question. Can there be objects that wobble between black hole and maybe tiny quark star states? The black hole’s evaporation can make this model possible. When an extremely small black hole sends radiation. That radiation can push the quantum field farther. 

That means that the black hole evaporates. And if that black hole is very close to the Schwarzchild radius. It’s possible that evaporation decreases its size to a size smaller than the Schwarzschild radius. And that can turn. The black hole. Back to a quark star. Then the quantum field just presses that thing back into the black hole. Even in quantum-size black holes, the Schwarzschild radius determines whether a particle turns into a black hole. Or not. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-strange-spacetime-crystal-that-can-suddenly-turn-into-a-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal

Can dark energy be a virtual effect?

"A new analysis argues that the standard cosmological model may be fundamentally unstable, raising questions about whether dark energy is really needed to explain the universe’s accelerating expansion. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, A Universe Without Dark Energy? Mathematicians Challenge Standard Cosmology)

If dark energy does not exist. What forms wave movement that rips the universe into pieces? It’s possible that dark energy is regular energy like gamma-ray flares. There is a possibility. That those. Hypothetical gamma-ray flares form in intergalactic space. When particles are accelerated by the  black holes in that space. That means the source of dark energy could be in the intergalactic space. Or in the space between galaxy clusters and megaclusters. That means that. Radiation. The gamma-ray objects in our galaxy cover those hypothetical flares. Under their brightness. 

Can the universe behave as it does without dark energy? Mathematicians suggest so. That means that dark energy would be virtual energy. When entropy in the universe rises. Things like gravity waves behave differently. That means that the entropy. It can explain why dark energy doesn’t necessarily exist. When the universe expands, the gravitational effect between objects like galaxy clusters and superclusters. Turns weaker. Also, the energy level between galaxy clusters turns weaker. That changes the relationship between internal energy in galaxy clusters.

And energy level outside those clusters and superclusters. Energy starts to flow faster to outside galaxy clusters. And that is one of the things. That can look like dark energy. In some other models, high-energy particles. Those particles travel from the supermassive black holes. Impact outside galaxies, or galaxy clusters and superclusters. They can form the thing. That we call dark energy. This means that the wave movement. 

That forms dark energy. Can exist. But the source of that energy is not as exotic. That we might want to believe. The third and most interesting model about dark energy is this. The galaxy's halo and scattering effect. It can be one thing. That forms the dark energy. Or particles. Those that come outside that halo area release their energy into it. 

So, can dark energy be? A very low energy Cherenkov radiation? 

The speed of light is a little bit lower in that halo than outside it. In galaxy clusters, there is also a little bit denser matter than outside it. When something like a very high-energy particle travels into those halos. 

That thing causes an effect. That looks like Cherenkov radiation. When that high-energy particle impacts that halo. It releases its kinetic energy. In the same way as when high-energy particles. travel through the halo of individual particles. They send Cherenkov radiation. The reason for that radiation is that when a particle travels faster. Than. It should. It must slow its speed. So, it must transfer kinetic energy into that field. So, energy must always travel from a higher to a lower energy level. 

So that means dark energy. It can be some kind of interaction between different energy fields. The speed of light. Outside galaxy clusters is only. A little bit higher than inside it. So that means that. When those particles travel faster than light. Or faster than they should in the halo release their energy. That energy transfer  is much weaker. Than in cases. There. The solar wind impacts the Earth's atmosphere. 

Or particles from a nuclear reactor impact water. This means that if that scenario is real. The reason for the dark energy could be a very weak Cherenkov radiation. 

In those cases, the dark energy source can be well-known. But things like background light and radiation from our own galaxy and galaxy clusters. Cover those sources. That source is some kind of gamma-ray glow between galaxies. That means that. Those galaxies and quasars. And their supermassive black holes can send such strong radiation. It covers that glow below it. Another thing is that. 

Things like cosmic hum. The monotonic radio hum that the Voyager spacecraft detected when it crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space. That radio hum cannot cross the sun’s plasma impact wave that surrounds our solar system. This means that there can be radio signals that cannot travel through the Milky Way’s halo. So, there is a possibility. The dark energy is radio waves that we cannot detect. Because those signals cannot reach us. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-universe-without-dark-energy-mathematicians-challenge-standard-cosmology/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation