Cosmic voids, gravity, and WARP.

"A rare, superluminous supernova located 10 billion light-years away has appeared five times in the sky due to gravitational lensing by two foreground galaxies. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Five-Time Supernova Discovery May Solve a Century-Old Cosmic Mystery)

The WARP bubble is one of the versions of the cosmic voids. We can say that the cosmic void is one of the versions of the WARP bubbles. The cosmic void is a place. Where there is a weaker scattering effect than outside it. This allows photons and other particles travel faster than outside it. Outside the universe is a place that is similar to the cosmic void. 

The energy level of that area is lower than the minimum energy level in the universe. This raises a question: Can a particle cross that thing as a particle? Or does the particle turn into a wave movement? If that wave movement turns straight, it is a very hard thing to notice. 

This forms an interesting question number two. Could there be a cosmic void? There. An energy level is lower. Than zero kelvin? That energy minimum in the universe? If there is a temperature. That is below the known energy minimum; it causes energy flow into that point. That can form. An endless energy source. The fact is this. The universe is full of energy. But there is a problem. How to put that energy into motion. 

The same thing that helps to focus the energy. It can make interstellar travel possible. 

There are many types of cosmic voids. Some of those voids are larger than galaxy clusters. Things like supernovae can form. A small-sized cosmic void. And the antimatter annihilation can form a short-term cosmic microvoid. Sometimes things like dark matter are explained as some kind of cosmic microvoids. The spinning bubbles that collect the Higgs field and aim it in one direction. 

There is a galaxy, made of 99%. Of the dark matter. That means there can be some kind of cosmic voids or low-energy areas in those galaxies. The main question in the cases of dark matter is: why does dark matter not send any radiation? 

Black holes pack quantum fields and matter around them. That effect sends the gamma- and X-rays. Another explanation. For those, X-rays and gamma rays are in some cases. The particle that spins is opposite to the black hole. Changes its direction when it touches the event horizon or energy field near it. That causes an extremely strong energy wave because the black hole’s halo fields pumped lots of energy into that particle. 

When the direction of the particle’s spin changes, that causes a situation where a hyper-energy photon is released. In that case, when the particle releases its kinetic energy, it changes the direction of the spin. 

Cosmic voids accelerate the universe’s expansion. The reason for that is quite simple. The scattering effect in cosmic voids is weaker than outside it. And that means entropy in those areas is lower than in the surrounding areas. This causes a situation where photons and all other particles travel faster in those cosmic voids than outside them. 

When a photon or some other particle that travels through that quantum vacuum hits quantum fields around it, that particle releases its energy to those quantum fields. Another version is that of cosmic voids. Cause energy focus. In the middle of them. Especially if those cosmic voids are ball-shaped. And those reflecting wave movement impulses form a situation. That is like a vacuum bomb. There is a model that particles, and especially elementary particles, are bubbles. The cosmic quantum voids. 

The particle is the whisk-shaped structure of the energy strings that surround a small microvoid. When outside energy impulses strike that structure. Those strings send, or conduct an energy impulse, inside an elementary particle. Then that energy reflects back from the center of the particle. This means that the source of dark energy is. It is in the cosmic vacuums. Or cosmic microvacuums, or microvoids. 

The thing that makes particles. To send photons is their spin. Spin is the effect. There are particles. Like electrons rotate back and forth. Every time a particle’s direction changes. It sends a photon. When the particle spins, it binds energy. When the direction of spin changes, it releases a photon or energy. 

Maybe when one electron or quark wobbles back and forth, that doesn’t cause a very strong effect. But when trillions of particles spin back and forth, that thing causes a gravitational effect. But the thing is that. In normal cases, those particles will not spin synchronously. This makes gravitation so weak. When some particles bind energy, some other particles release it.

But what happens if all particles start to spin harmonically? What if? All particles that form planet Earth start to spin in the same direction at the same time in the same direction? That makes the effect that all of those particles release and send energy at the same time. That can form the nature of the gravity. On the planet Earth. That effect makes the antigravity possible. The system must only change the symmetry of the energy impulses. 

The system can use harmonic particles to release energy. And the non-harmonic particle layer binds energy. This means that particles that are not synchronized can bind energy. And then the system puts those particles to act like a dancing group. When non-synchronous particles bind energy, they don’t pull energy so strongly. But. When synchronized particles release their energy collectively, that means they give a stronger energy impulse than non-synchronized particles. 

That causes an interesting question. 

Is there something that moves back and forth in the black hole? If we think that when a particle. Or a particle group spins. It binds energy. That means. The quantum field travels in that particle. This quantum field transports other particles to that center. When the direction of those particles changes. There is a point. Where those particles stop. Particle releases an energy impulse. This means that if there is a point somewhere inside the black hole. That suddenly stops. That can explain gravity waves. 

The cosmic void is one version of the WARP bubble. The interstellar systems. They must create a cosmic void around them. The system can make a synthetic cosmic void simply by exploding antimatter. Then the system sends a particle beam into that cosmic void. 

The purpose of the WARP bubble is to remove the scattering effect from around the craft. The annihilation. Just forms the shockwave. Which pushes. Quantum fields. Away from those particles. This makes the environment there. The light travels faster than usual. 

https://scitechdaily.com/black-hole-collisions-may-finally-resolve-the-hubble-tension/

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-voids-arent-empty-theyre-full-of-something-far-stranger/

https://scitechdaily.com/ghost-galaxy-made-of-99-dark-matter-discovered-300-million-light-years-away/

Quantum entanglement.

"Quantum teleportation is a method for transferring the quantum state of a particle or field from one location to another without physically moving the particle itself. It relies on a phenomenon known as quantum entanglement, in which two systems share strong correlations that cannot be explained by classical physics. Credit: Shutterstock." (ScitechDaily, Quantum Teleportation Breakthrough Sends 5 States at Once)

If we were to see quantum entanglement. Or, information is transmitted between two superpositioned and entangled particles. We would see two balls, and the thin yarn would connect those particles. When information travels between those particles. This event looks like a situation. Where the other yarn ball pulls a yarn string from another yarn ball. 

Einstein’s spooky action at a distance, called quantum entanglement. It is one of the most interesting phenomena in the world. The information travels between two particles in the string. And that makes it possible. That. Quantum entanglement can transmit information faster than the speed of light. That would be possible. If there is a possibility of removing entropy from around that string. This means that there should be something that removes the field from around the string that transmits information. The quantum entanglement creates. The quantum shadow, or hole in the field. And in that hole would be no scattering effect. 

Above: The wormhole, or at least an electromagnetic wormhole, might look like this. The energy string in the middle of it pushes the channel through the quantum field. The entropy in the wormhole. It will deny information. From staying in its form. The structure that transmits information in quantum entanglement. It might also look like this. 

This allows information travel faster than it does outside that tunnel. So a photon travels faster. In the quantum shadow between those particles. The speed of a photon is not unlimited. But. It's faster than outside that quantum tunnel. There is a possibility. To transmit information in the string or use the string. Quantum entanglement is used. To push the tunnel through the field. The electromagnetic wormhole will allow photons to travel faster than they travel outside that tunnel. So, the system can send photons through that tunnel. 

There is a possibility. That's the black hole. It is a group of qubits. This raises a question. About the problem. What if reseachers someday form the superposition and quantum entanglement that travels through the black hole? Could that thing be possible? Could quantum entanglement stand in the black hole?  The model of the qubits on the black hole’s shell is formed by the idea that the black hole’s event horizons are full of potholes and hilltops. Those things can be the zeros and ones in the qubit. 

"Encoded on the surface of the black hole can be bits (or quantum bits, i.e., qubits) of information, proportional to the event horizon’s surface area. When the black hole decays, it decays to a state of thermal radiation. As matter and radiation fall into the black hole, the surface area grows, enabling that information to be successfully encoded. When the black hole decays, entropy will not decrease, but rather will remain constant, as Hawking radiation is an entropy-conserving (adiabatic) process. How or if that information is encoded into the outgoing radiation is not yet determined.Credit: T.B. Bakker/Dr. J.P. van der Schaar, Universiteit van Amsterdam. "(BigThink, Ask Ethan: Can quantum entanglement survive a black hole)?

There is a possibility. That's the black hole. It is a group of qubits. This raises a question. About the problem. What if reseachers someday form the superposition and quantum entanglement that travels through the black hole? Could that thing be possible? Could quantum entanglement stand in the black hole? 

And can a particle stand the energy of a black hole? This depends on the side on which the particle spins. If the particle spins in the same direction as the black hole, it could survive. If the particle spins in the opposite direction, the black hole erases it. The thing that erases the particle is simple. When a particle suddenly switches its spin direction, it must stop for a while. At that point, the particle releases all its energy. If the particle spin is in the same direction as the black hole, the black hole just increases its spin speed. The thing that erases the particle is the change in the direction of the spin. 

The big question is: Can quantum entanglement bring information from the black hole? The black hole pulls all the information into it. There is a possibility that the superstrings. In the spinning black hole. They can turn. The energy flows opposite. But. Another way. It is to create a superpositioned particle pair. When the energy, or information, starts to flow into a black hole. The system can observe the particle that transmits information. The system must know how the information should travel between those particles. So, the system observes how transmitting particles offer information. And then it compares that thing with the real event. The event looks like a situation. There gravity rolls the yarn ball open. 

Can this thing work? Nobody knows. The quantum entanglement should pass. The black hole photonic and plasma halo. To reach the event horizon. When we think about black holes and wormholes. The wormhole can form between two superpositioned black holes. Or the black hole halos can form an electromagnetic wormhole if they turn into a superposition. This means that. Some kind of tunnel. Between two points is possible. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/quantum-entanglement-black-hole/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-teleportation-breakthrough-sends-5-states-at-once/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-truth-about-wormholes-einsteins-bridge-may-rewrite-time-itself/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

There are new models for the wormhole.

“Wormholes may not be cosmic shortcuts after all. By revisiting Einstein and Rosen’s original 1935 work, researchers propose that the so-called “bridge” was never about travel through space, but about a deeper symmetry in time itself. Credit: Shutterstock. (ScitechDaily, The Truth About Wormholes: Einstein’s “Bridge” May Rewrite Time Itself)

Maybe. We should stop talking about the Einstein-Rosen bridge. When we talk about wormholes. Maybe we should rather talk about the Einstein-Rosen “light cables”. The quantum tornado. That forms a structure around the quantum strings. In that model, the arrow of time causes a situation where information travels in two directions in the wormhole. This means that when something. Like a particle travels in one direction. 

That means it pushes another particle to travel. Into the opposite direction in time. The reason for this is that the higher speed particle. Pushes energy. Into a slower speed particle. And that causes time dilation. So if two particles travel against each other. With the same speed, they face. That means they lose. Their entire energy. At that point. This requires a situation where the energy levels of those particles are exactly the same. When superstrings travel in the wormhole, some of those strings are. In a higher energy level than others. That causes energy travel into those lower energy strongs. And finally, some of those strings start to transmit information in opposite directions. That forms the entropy in the quantum tornado. 

And that forms entropy in the system, which denies. To travel through that structure. The wormhole is anyway. A very complex structure. That means maybe. There is no final truth about that phenomenon. 

Even in the simplest models. It's hard to travel through the wormhole. The entropy closes that quantum tornado. Even in the most optimistic models. The white hole, which is another side of the wormhole, destroys information. Or it sorts information into the new order. The model is that a white hole forms when the wormhole ends. 

And it forms in the turbulence. In models, the particle that travels in the wormhole stretches into a very long form. When those particles come out from the wormhole, they impact the Higgs field, and that creases them. The reason. For why nothing can limit that crease is that. At the beginning of the existence of the wormhole. There is no entropy. The entropy form . When the arrow of time turns, information travels in the opposite direction in the quantum tornado. 

So, in that model, the wormhole forms. In the energy tornado in the Higgs field. But that requires that gravity is a disturbance in the Higgs field. So. The wormhole is a complex structure where information travels in both directions. And that causes entropy. The wormhole would be like a light cable; there, stretched particles form the strings that transport information into the future. The particle that falls in the wormhole will stretch. And. There is nothing other than elementary particles that can travel through the wormhole. 

In models. A wormhole can form between the superpositioned and entangled black holes. There are many similar phenomena. Like electromagnetic wormholes and acoustic wormholes. But the “real wormhole” is the tornado in the gravity field. Or. If gravitation is the disturbance in the Higgs field, then the wormhole is a hole or a tornado in the Higgs field. 

The time arrow, or arrow of time, causes that. When information travels in those strings, they push it back in time. This means the wormhole recycles information through time. 

The new models of the wormhole suggest that wormholes can rewrite the fabric of time itself. This means that we cannot ever travel through the wormhole as we know travel. In this model. Wormhole is the thing. That can seem like a string. And this means. The wormhole acts like a time arrow, or arrow of time. When information travels to the future, the wormhole brings that information back into the past. So when information travels in the wormhole. It suddenly starts to travel back in time. And that forms the situation where the wormhole closes. 

And that is the thing. That makes the wormhole more complex than just some “hole”. This model explains the wormhole as a structure. The quantum tornado closes the energy strings inside it. So, that means that the structure of the wormhole is like a light cable. The strings that transmit information are stretched particles, or radiation. The entropy forms because the information travels backward between those strings. 

The idea is that outside quantum pressure closes the wormhole itself. And anyway, a wormhole is the thing. That is more complex than just some tornado that crosses space and time. This means that the wormhole looks like a cable. There are lots of quantum strings inside the quantum tornado. 

So, the quantum tornado in the Higgs field forms the shell of that structure. And then the stretched particles are the strings. The entropy that closes the wormhole forms because of the time arrow. When those quantum strings send information to the future, they also kick information back in time. This means that. In the wormhole, there is a point. Where information starts to travel in opposite directions. That information travels in those strings. So the time arrow turns information travel in the opposite direction in the wormhole. And that causes entropy or turbulence. At this point. 

The thing that makes a wormhole. Or the Einstein-Rosen bridge, so hard to understand. Is that. We call it a bridge. For us, the bridge means a structure that we can use to travel between two points. The wormhole is a rather light cable that can transmit information. So, maybe we should call the wormhole. As an Einstein-Rosen light cable. 

The tornado. That closes its other structures inside. It denies energy traveling out from the structure. The outside energy. Press that quantum tornado into its form. That quantum tornado presses the strings that transmit information against each other. Because there are strings that transport information or energy into the future. But also strings that transport information to the past, pressure pushes those strings together. And that forms whirl and entropy in the structure. Without that entropy, we could see through a wormhole. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-truth-about-wormholes-einsteins-bridge-may-rewrite-time-itself/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

The planet is in the wrong place.

“LHS 1903 is a small red M-dwarf star that is cooler and shines less brightly than our Sun. Scientists used telescopes in space and on Earth to discover four planets orbiting LHS 1903. With those telescopes, they classified the three closest planets to the star as the innermost being rocky, and the two that follow it as gas giants. Credit: ESA” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Stunned by Rocky Planet in the Wrong Place)

“Scientists have identified a rocky outer planet in a system where a gas giant was expected. The discovery challenges traditional models and supports the idea that planets may form one by one in changing environments.” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Stunned by Rocky Planet in the Wrong Place)

Could xxoplanet LHS 1903 e be a rogue planet that a red dwarf HS 1903 captured? This explains the exoplanet’s wrong trajectory. 

The exoplanet  LHS 1903 e is a rocky world near a red dwarf star LHS 1903. This planet is extraordinary. Because of its trajectory. The LHS 1903 has a planetary system, where the closest exoplanet is a rocky world. Then there will be two scaled-down versions of Neptune. So, those planets are gas-rich. But then. The last known planet, LHS 1903 e. 

It is again a rocky world. This means that the LHS 1903 e doesn’t follow the rule about the order of the planets. So, this “wrong position”. Causes an idea. This exoplanet could have originated around some other star. And then that star lost this planet. Maybe the nova or supernova eruption kicked that exoplanet LHC 1903 e from its trajectory. 

So, could the origin of the dwarf planet Pluto in our solar system be a rogue planet? 

The hypothesis about the rogue planet that the star captured can explain some details about the dwarf planet Pluto and its moon, Charon. There are several theories about the origin of Pluto. The first one is that Pluto’s origin was as the moon of Uranus or Neptune. The one other explanation . About Pluto. It could be. That Pluto. It was. Some kind of rogue asteroid. Or a dwarf planet. That our solar system captured.

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-stunned-by-rocky-planet-in-the-wrong-place/

Why is alien life not so easy to find?

“Life depends on more than just water; it also requires a delicate chemical balance established during a planet’s earliest moments. New research suggests that Earth’s ability to support life may hinge on an exceptionally narrow window of oxygen conditions during core formation, allowing both phosphorus and nitrogen to remain accessible. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

Alien life would be like lifeforms on Earth. If we think about the chemical processes behind those creatures. If alien life forms are based on a similar chemistry to life on Earth. That means there must also be other life building blocks than just water. One of the most critical chemicals. Or an element on alien lifeforms. Is phosphorus. And another critical element is nitrogen. Phosphorus is needed. In RNA and DNA formation. And nitrogen is needed for proteins. 

Without those two elements, DNA and cell-membrane proteins cannot form. There must be so much free nitrogen that those chemical compounds can form. Another thing is that if the phosphorus interacts with iron too early, that means it falls into the planet’s core. Another possibility is that. If phosphorus reacts with oxygen. That means it loses its ability to form compounds in RNA and DNA. 

“Young rocky planets begin as roiling oceans of molten rock. As gravity pulls materials into layers, dense metals such as iron sink inward to form the core, while lighter material remains above to become the mantle and, later, the crust. That physical separation is only half the story. At the same time, chemistry is deciding which elements prefer metal and which prefer rock, and oxygen is one of the biggest drivers of that choice.” /ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

“If oxygen is scarce during core formation, phosphorus tends to bond with iron and other heavy metals and is dragged down into the core. Once that happens, it is effectively removed from the surface environment where life would need it. If oxygen is too abundant, phosphorus stays in the mantle, but nitrogen becomes more likely to escape into the atmosphere and eventually be lost. In other words, the conditions that protect one life's essential elements can make the other harder to keep.” (ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

The environmental stability means that nitrogen and phosphorus must react with the right elements. And that reaction requires that those elements have free points that can touch the right chemicals. If phosphorus reacts with oxygen, that means the phosphorus turns into phosphorus trioxide. Or phosphorus pentoxide. The last compound is an important actor in organic synthesis. 

https://scitechdaily.com/life-needs-more-than-water-the-missing-clue-scientists-just-discovered/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_pentoxide

None of the black holes interacts alone.

“At the center of the Milky Way, something immense and invisible exerts a powerful gravitational grip. For decades, astronomers have assumed it was a supermassive black hole. But new research suggests a more unconventional possibility: a dense concentration of exotic dark matter that could unify the galaxy’s inner chaos and outer calm under a single framework. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

None of the black holes interacts alone. This means that black holes are also part of their environment. And gravitation is not the only interaction with a black hole. 

Supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy might not be a black hole. Or, otherwise, the supermassive black hole interaction with its environment is more complicated than anybody expected. The new study suggests that the main part of the supermassive object in the center of the Milky Way is composed of dark matter particles that are similar to fermions. Or maybe fermions like electrons are things that form the dark structure in the center of the Milky Way. 

Or, otherwise, we must realize that there is a black hole with dark matter particles orbiting. This means there is a black hole in the middle of the fast-orbiting electron or quark cloud. The spin of those particles would be awesome. So those particles would be more massive than particles outside that structure. And in that case reseachers must calculate what part of the gravitation formed the black hole, and what part of the gravitational effect is formed of those fermions or other dark matter particles. So, the center of the Milky Way is the combination of a black hole and particles that orbit this object. 

Another thing is that. Every other black hole has a dark matter halo. And a visible matter halo. In the case of a black hole, the key question is always this: which has the dominating effect: does the dominating effect come from the black hole or its halo? The only known fact is that none of the black holes interacts alone.  There is also a model of the center of the Milky Way. Involves structure. There is a group of black holes orbiting the supermassive gravity center. In some model. The massive pressure near the center of the Milky Way presses matter into a black hole, just before it falls into the middle of the Milky Way. 

The only thing that is sure. Is that. Dark matter and visible matter. Both can form a black hole.  If a black hole forms. In the dark matter bubble, or denser point of dark matter. That can cause a situation where the black hole turns more massive than it should. Gravitation is the only known interaction between dark and visible matter. 

“Some astronomers think the Milky Way’s center could be hiding something stranger than a supermassive black hole. In a new study, researchers argue that the object shaping the orbits of nearby stars might instead be an ultra-dense concentration of dark matter that creates nearly the same gravitational footprint as a black hole.” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

“Their results, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), challenge the standard picture in which Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is a supermassive black hole that dominates the region’s gravity. The best-known evidence for that black hole interpretation comes from the S-stars, a group of stars that loop around the center at velocities reaching several thousand kilometers per second.” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

"Instead of relying on a black hole, the international research team proposes a different explanation. They argue that a particular variety of dark matter composed of fermions, which are light subatomic particles, could organize itself into a distinctive structure consistent with observations of the Milky Way’s core.” (ScitechDaily, The Center of Our Galaxy May Not Be a Black Hole)

The energy level of those particles is very high. So those particles are more massive than particles outside the halo. And that means that. The black hole and its halo. Are both. Interact with their environment. So in larger-scale structures, the Milky Way. Just like other galaxies interact as an entirety. There are all stars, back holes, dust, and other things. Forming the massive gravitational entirety. The black hole interaction. It is much more complicated than just gravity that pulls objects inside it. 

The black hole halo. And its relativistic jet transports energy. Also in the opposite direction. We see that energy. As gamma- and x-rays. When a black hole sends energy to the galaxy’s outer halo. That energy puts a halo to shine. There is also the impact of radiation and particles that surround the galaxy. This impact point is similar to the heliopause. There are particles from the sun. That impacts the particle flows from other stars. Similar standing wave surrounds. galaxies, and when a relativistic jet impacts that structure, this structure sends energy into the center of that bubble or halo. This energy. It has a role in energy. 

And matter flows in the galaxy. That energy reflection pushes particles and other objects back to the galaxy’s center. And this is one of the reasons why there is a glowing bubble in the center of the galaxy. Mainly, that glow forms when the relativistic jet travels through that point. But in the same way. Energy that reflects from the galactic halo. Has a role in that thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-center-of-our-galaxy-may-not-be-a-black-hole/

Challenging Einstein’s simple universe.

“The standard cosmological model assumes that the Universe is uniform and looks the same in all directions when viewed on large scales. New research directly tests that assumption and finds evidence that the distribution of matter in the Universe does not fully align with this picture. Credit: Shutterstock.” (ScitechDaily, Is the Universe Lopsided? New Evidence Challenges Einstein’s Simplest Universe)

Einstein’s model of the simple universe requires adjustment. Even if the cosmic microwave background (CMB) seems homogeneous. In large size. We cannot leave the differences in the temperatures in the CMB without notice. But another thing is that. The universe seems lopsided. If another side of the universe is colder than the other, that causes energy flow into the lower energy side. This kind of energy lopsidedness can probably explain dark energy. 

There is a possibility that somewhere outside, or near the edge of the universe, is a quantum dot, some kind of thing that stretches the edge of the universe. This means that the outer edge of the universe could behave like some kind of amoeba. When that edge or standing wave moves outward. That causes the quantum low pressure at that point. This thing can cause a situation. 

“The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space.” (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

*********************

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature.

(Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

*********************

That the energy starts to flow in the universe. The question is what causes the universe to stretch. If there is. Some kind of black hole. Outside the universe, it must be really enormous. A black hole outside the universe is impossible. The black hole should evaporate if it goes outside the universe. Another version is that. There can be some kind of bubble or cosmic supervoid in the hypothetical quantum field that surrounds the universe. If there is some kind of shockwave around the universe, that shockwave requires some kind of resistance. 

Without that resistance, the expansion of the universe could follow the de Sitter model. Or the modified de Sitter model. “A de Sitter universe is a cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, named after Willem de Sitter. “ (Wikipedia, De Sitter universe)

“It models the universe as spatially flat and neglects ordinary matter, so the dynamics of the universe are dominated by the cosmological constant, thought to correspond to dark energy in our universe or the inflaton field in the early universe. According to the models of inflation and current observations of the accelerating universe, the concordance models of physical cosmology are converging on a consistent model where our universe was best described as a de Sitter universe at about a time.” (Wikipedia, De Sitter universe)

The special event in the de Sitter universe is that. Its expansion is faster-than-light. The reason for that is that the scattering effect outside the universe is weaker. And that means a photon travels faster than it travels in the universe.  

“The exponential expansion of the scale factor means that the physical distance between any two non-accelerating observers will eventually be growing faster than the speed of light. At this point those two observers will no longer be able to make contact. Therefore, any observer in a de Sitter universe would have cosmological horizons beyond which that observer can never see nor learn any information. If our universe is approaching a de Sitter universe then eventually we will not be able to observe any galaxies other than our own Milky Way (and any others in the gravitationally bound Local Group, assuming they were to somehow survive to that time without merging)” (Wikipedia, De Sitter universe)

“The cosmic microwave background is relic radiation from the Big Bang. Credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration” (ScitechDaily, Is the Universe Lopsided? New Evidence Challenges Einstein’s Simplest Universe)

That means. The expansion of the universe in. The de Sitter model is faster than light. Without that resistance, the universe will collapse. In that model, nothing except gravity alone limits the speed of expansion of the universe. 

The cosmic supervoid could form. If lots of particles go outside the universe. Those elementary particles will evaporate or explode immediately. That forms the bubble in the quantum field that surrounds the universe. The reason. For. Why. We cannot see that the field is simple. If its energy level is lower than the universe’s minimum energy level. That means energy travels only in one direction. If there is a bubble. Their energy level is lower than the environment. That causes a situation. That energy field travels to that bubble, and it pulls the edge of the universe outward. 

But that requires. That. There is a quantum field outside the universe. This causes the idea. Maybe there are other universes. Or, logically. Thinking, there should be other universes. 

Do you know what the cosmic dipole anomaly is? That is the small difference between the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which uncovers that one half of the sky is cooler than the other. The difference between those temperatures is 1/1000 of a degree. Anyway, that difference is enough for energy to travel to the cooler side. Even the smallest possible difference between energy levels puts energy to move. 

This movement is not very fast, and those things might not have a meaning in the small-scale systems. But, in the universe’s scale systems. Those things have a different scale. When energy and material that the energy moves travel across the universe, the scale of the energy and material flow is so large that nothing can stop that energy and material flow. 

“The matter and CMB dipoles do not match up – the directions are consistent (top panel) but the amplitudes are not (bottom panel). Credit: Secrest et al., Reviews of Modern Physics 97 (2025) 041001” (ScitechDaily, Is the Universe Lopsided? New Evidence Challenges Einstein’s Simplest Universe)

Another problem is that. The matter and CMB dipoles have no match. Their directions are similar or the same. But the amplitudes have no match. This causes questions about the universe and its complex symmetry. But if the universe is asymmetrical. A structure that could look like a rugby ball, what could that thing mean? If another side of the universe is cooler than the other. That means that the point where the universe started might not be symmetrically in the middle of the universe. 

So if we want to compare that model with the Big Bang theory. That thing causes an interesting idea. What if the Big Bang was more like a Big Burst? In ordinary models, cosmologists think that the universe’s existence began in the Big Bang. The event or series of events that began in the middle of the universe. 

Could it be possible that the Big Bang happened on the other side of the universe? This means that the energy that formed the universe must come from the structure. That looks like a water tube. That is the one. And the simpler way. To try to model the asymmetry of the energy movement. The idea is that the energy. Or. wave movement, what the Big Bang released. Interacted with other fields. That thing caused the Schwinger effect. That turned the wave movement into particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/is-the-universe-lopsided-new-evidence-challenges-einsteins-simplest-universe/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Black hole collisions put Einstein's theory to the test.

“A record-breaking gravitational wave from two merging black holes has given scientists their most detailed test yet of Einstein’s theory of gravity. Credit: Shutterstock” (ScitechDaily, Clearest Black Hole Collision Ever Recorded Puts Einstein to the Test)

The black hole is the most incredible object in the universe. And their collisions are even more extreme cases. During that process, the black hole pair sends gravitational waves. Sometimes, an idea is introduced that the superhigh-energy neutrino detected by the neutrino sensor a couple of years ago formed when a neutrino traveled between two colliding black holes just at the moment when their halos connected. In that moment, those halos could pump an extremely high energy level into that particle. In some other models. That particle traveled through the wormhole, the energy tornado that locks time inside that particle. 

But then. A black hole collision can open new ways to see. Is there some point when Einstein’s Theory of Relativity falls? The curvature of spacetime near a black hole causes a situation where all objects can travel at the speed of light. The reason for that is that. Black hole stretches. Space and time. When all particles and objects travel in the same direction. There is no scattering effect between those things. That. means. The lack of crossing energy fields means that nothing pulls energy out from the particle. Because everything travels in the same direction at the same speed, there is no quantum shadow at the front of those particles. The quantum field transports particles like a river transports caps. 

Inside a black hole, the situation is interesting. The black hole should behave like all other ball-shaped objects. That means there should be a point; there is no gravity in the middle of it. That point is smaller than a quark. But it allows the gravity waves. Travel also through that point. Those gravity waves hit the black hole like a drum. In another model, the black hole. Turns the gravity field into a string or quantum tornado. 

That thing transports energy out of the black hole. And. One of the things that we must realize is this. If there is a string that spins very fast, that string can bind energy fields inside it. If the ends of that string are in a lower energy level than this point. There, it binds energy that causes energy flow to the string. This makes the string act like a giant thermal pump. And that causes a situation where the quantum fields transport particles into that string. That thing causes a gravitational effect. The black hole is the whirl around the superstrings. In that model, sometimes the whirl jumps out from that string. That causes the situation where the string or quantum tornado releases energy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/clearest-black-hole-collision-ever-recorded-puts-einstein-to-the-test/

The ability to store the entire internet in DNA is one of the most intriguing ideas in data science.

“An illustration shows a strand of engineered DNA passing through a nanoscale sensor, where its physical structure can be decoded as digital information. DNA nanostructures could one day serve as ultra-dense carriers of digital information and advance the field of data encryption. Credit: Jason Drees for the Biodesign Institute at ASU” (ScitechDaily, Storing the Internet in DNA? Scientists Say It’s Closer Than You Think)

Nanotechnology makes many things. Like. interstellar travel. Possible. One of the ways. To make the interstellar trip is to send a capsule to another solar system. That capsule can carry cells inside it. Or it can search for bacteria from the targeted planet. Then the ground station can send the DNA code to the spacecraft in digital form. Then, nanotechnology creates artificial DNA and replaces the bacteria's DNA with that artificial DNA. 

The DNA stored at the absolute zero point, or 0 Kelvin degrees, remains forever. Maybe. That thing can be the motive for the trip to Pluto. If. We store all our data in the form of DNA in the Pluto or Kuiper Belt. That kind of thing allows researchers to store that data forever. 

That kind of data storage makes it possible. To secure data in new ways. The DNA that carries data can be carried. In. The USB stick. The person puts that USB stick into the system, which reads the DNA. 

This allows ultra-secure data transmissions. In the network, over short distances, the pneumatic mail system can transport those DNA capsules. The DNA will be stored in the carrier, and then the pneumatic system shoots that capsule over the network. In longer distances, the system can store the DNA as a digital code. And then. Nanotechnology puts atoms or amino acids in the right order. This is one of the things that the high-power AI-controlled systems can make. 

And that system can do much more than just store data in the DNA. This kind of technology makes it possible. To transport data straight into human brains. The artificial bacteria. Or. An amoeba can send neurotransmitters or electric impulses into the neurons. 

“ Scientists are exploring how DNA’s physical structure can store vast amounts of data and encode secure information. Since computers first began shaping modern society, scientists have faced two ongoing problems: finding ways to store rapidly growing amounts of digital information and ensuring that this data remains secure from unauthorized access.”(ScitechDaily, Storing the Internet in DNA? Scientists Say It’s Closer Than You Think)

“Researchers at Arizona State University’s Biodesign Institute, working with collaborators, now report an unexpected solution. Two new studies demonstrate that DNA, the same molecule that carries genetic information, can be used to reliably store vast quantities of data while also enabling strong encryption.” (ScitechDaily, Storing the Internet in DNA? Scientists Say It’s Closer Than You Think)

The ability to store data in the DNA makes it possible to create new types of robotics. The biorobot or bacteria can transport information into computers using bioelectric impulses. But that technology also makes it possible to create things that nobody expected. 

The same technology. That makes it possible to store the entire internet. The DNA makes it possible to create customized humans. Human DNA can be involved. Genes that control the growth of the gorilla muscle. That allows researchers to create superstrong humans. 

But this technology makes interstellar flight possible. As. I wrote at the beginning of this text. The idea is that there are some cells in the spacecraft. And when the spacecraft travels to the solar system, there are habitable planets. The system changes the DNA in those cells. This makes it possible to create artificial creatures. That will look anything like the original species that sent them. 

Maybe. That kind of space trip is our last chance in this case. That. Our sun lost its fuel. And turns into a red giant. 

https://scitechdaily.com/storing-the-internet-in-dna-scientists-say-its-closer-than-you-think/

AI finds new things. From the old data.

“Venus skylight in the Nyx Mons region reveals a subsurface cave, hypothesized to be a lava tube. The feature was identified through analysis of radar images acquired by the SAR instrument aboard the NASA Magellan mission. Credit: RSLab, University of Trento” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover a Giant Hidden Lava Tunnel Beneath Venus)

AI discovers new insights from existing data. This is the reality, and reanalyzing old data can uncover secrets that were previously unseen. The NASA Magellan spacecraft researched planet Venus using its synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The Magellan mission began in 1989 and lasted over five years. That probe transmitted a lot of data to Earth. In that time. The computer capacity was limited. 

The same technology. That NASA used in the Magellan probe. It can be used in systems that can uncover underground bunkers. The high-resolution SAR radars. With.  AI-based data analytics are tools. That can open new views to underground and undersea worlds. The satellite-based SAR radar technology can transform seas transparent. And they can find things like submarines that are hiding under the sea. 

And a lot of data. Not even analyzed. New AI and supercomputers can analyze that old data with new accuracy. And it is found. Many interesting details from the old data that the probes collected. Magellan data involves data about a giant lava tube under the Venus surface. Those lava tubes are interesting because they tell us about Venus’s volcanic past. 

The lava tube is formed when lava rises up from the planet’s mantle. Venus is not the only place where those lava tunnels exist. The lava tunnels are also found under the surface of the Moon. And. There are suggestions that lava tunnels. They can be used as a location for underground moonbases. Those lava tunnels protect the moonbase from micrometeorites. That kind of lava tunnel can also protect the crew on Venus. If somebody wants to make a base on Venus, that place is very different from Earth. 

“Engineers and technicians at the Martin Marietta plant in Denver, Colorado, prepare the spacecraft for its six-week long trip to the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The spacecraft, destined for unprecedented studies of Venusian topographic features, will be mated to its upper stage while at KSC and later onloaded to Atlantis and eventually will be deployed by the crew of NASA's STS-30 mission in April 1989.” (Wikipedia, Magellan (spacecraft))

The carbon-burning rockets. That uses carbon nano-particles and pure oxygen could transport samples from Venus to Earth. The system can separate carbon from carbon dioxide. And then drive the pure oxygen and carbon nanoparticles to different tanks. 

The base could shoot rockets to the Venus orbiter using stratospheric towers. The system can use a hybrid pressure-magnetic accelerator. When a rocket travels to Earth, it can use the rocket engine that uses carbon and oxygen. Those materials can be taken. From Venus’s atmosphere. The base requires a system that separates atomic carbon from the oxygen. And then those things will be separated into different tanks. 

Or. The system can use liquid carbon dioxide. And the electric arc or some other electromagnetic system can vaporize that gas. The system can use solar panels for that electrochemical rocket. The idea of the carbon-burning rocket or jet engines is not new. During WWII, German aviation researcher Dr. Alexander Lippich created. An idea of the carbon-burning jet engine. The engine used “stored smoke” carbon, whose particle size is as small as possible. The atomic-sized nanocarbon particles can also be burned in pure oxygen. The system must only separate carbon from carbon dioxide and then transfer carbon and oxygen into different tanks. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-a-giant-hidden-lava-tunnel-beneath-venus/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_lava_tube

Researchers measured time in a quantum system without a clock.

"Time at the quantum level may be far less mysterious than it seems. Physicists have found a way to measure how long ultra-fast quantum events actually take—without using a clock at all. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Measure Time Inside Quantum Events Without a Clock)

When researchers measure time in a quantum system, they cannot  use a clock. One of the reasons for that is that the clock must be positioned in the system. Another thing is that. Every quantum system distorts time. The measuring quantum system is difficult. Because the measurement tool. Must not touch it. The system has no time to see. When the reaction begins, start the timekeeping. And stop the clock when the system sees. The end of the reaction. Things. The surrounding energy level and quantum evaporation in the system determine the time in the system. 

Measurement of time without a clock is very difficult. But researchers measured time in a quantum system without a clock. One of the most important things in the measurement. It is. Important to realize that the time in a single quantum particle is not the same as the time in the entire system. When the spin of the particle accelerates, time moves more slowly for it. But if the particle suddenly slows its speed, it delivers energy to its environment. And that also increases free energy in the quantum system. 

“At the quantum scale, events unfold at speeds that are hard to comprehend. Processes such as tunneling or an electron jumping to a new energy state after absorbing light can occur in just a few tens of attoseconds. That span is so brief that even light would not be able to cross the width of a small virus in the same amount of time.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Measure Time Inside Quantum Events Without a Clock)

The measurement happens by comparing the spin of the electrons and photons. Or the system doesn’t measure the spin of the particle. It follows the routes. By which photons excite and de-excite particles. Those routes through which excitation happens differ. And those routes disturb each other. That causes a difference in the spin. 

 “When light excites an electron, the process does not follow a single path. Instead, multiple quantum pathways are possible. At the same time. These paths interfere with one another, and that interference leaves a distinct signature in the spin of the emitted electron. By tracking how this spin pattern changes with the electron’s energy, the researchers could calculate the duration of the transition itself.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Measure Time Inside Quantum Events Without a Clock)

The knowledge of how time affects. Entering quantum systems increases the knowledge of that strange world. We can say that every time a particle delivers energy to another particle, time moves more slowly in the receiving particle. When a particle delivers energy, time moves faster in the particle. This makes calculations quite difficult. When a particle travels through an energy shell, it receives energy. And that wobbles time in that particle. These kinds of things can cause situations where energy travels out from a particle. Faster than usual. That increases free energy in the system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-measure-time-inside-quantum-events-without-a-clock/