The cosmic antimatter can be one thing behind dark energy.

 The cosmic antimatter can be one thing behind dark energy. 

There is a model that so-called sub-hadronic particles could be behind dark energy. Normally, people think that electrons and positrons form the particle-antiparticle pairs. But the fact is that almost every boson and fermion has anti-particle or mirror-particle pairs. 

One place where antimatter is are protons. Protons are much more than just two up, and one down quarks. Inside protons are numerous particles and antiparticles that are far smaller than electrons. Annihilation also happens between those other particle-antiparticle pairs. 

And that means electron-positron pairs are not only annihilating particles. The quark-anti-quark pairs can annihilate into a photon and wave movement. 

Can exotic annihilation like annihilation between gluons and anti-gluons explain dark energy? 

Same way. Gluons and anti-gluons or maybe neutrino-antineutrino can annihilate in, the same way as all other particle-antiparticle pairs. And maybe that thing could explain dark energy. The Schwinger effect forms the particle-antiparticle pairs. And if those particle-antiparticle pairs are too close to each other they annihilate. 

So if quasars send radiation beams that are turning into particle-antiparticle pairs that are not electron-positron pairs that thing could explain dark energy or some part of it. This annihilation where other particles than positrons and electrons annihilate can called exotic annihilation. One example of that kind of annihilation would be a case, where gluon-anti-gluon pairs annihilate. 

The quasars and other high-energy objects like pulsars can explain cosmic antimatter.

When quasars or some other high-energy objects send their radiation and particle beams some part of that material can turn into dark matter. Quasars are objects that form around black holes. When those objects send extremely high-energy radiation. That radiation can cause a situation. That is the point where the energy beam forms a point where there is no electromagnetism or quantum fields. The high energy radiation pushes quantum fields from around it. 

A similar thing can happen between energy beams of pulsars. If the pulsar cycle is high enough. That causes a situation where quantum fields have no time to fill that hole. And that forms the WARP channel in the track of that energy beam. When that energy beam hits the matter in the Milky Way that thing can cause a situation where the punch turns the particle's spin opposite. And that forms antimatter. 

And when that energy beam is left from the black hole it travels a short time in WARP-bubble. When those particles are traveling in a warp bubble suddenly they impact with electromagnetic fields and that impact causes a situation where those particle's spin turns opposite. That is the thing that forms antimatter. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/pulsars-dark-matter-milky-way-antimatter/

https://neutrinos.fnal.gov/types/antineutrinos/

https://www.techexplorist.com/proton-complicated-expected-think-scientists/38011/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

New instruments are uncovering secrets of the cosmos.

"This illustration shows NASA’s IXPE spacecraft, at right, observing blazar Markarian 501, at left. A blazar is a black hole surrounded by a disk of gas and dust with a bright jet of high-energy particles pointed toward Earth. The inset illustration shows high-energy particles in the jet (blue). Credit: NASA/Pablo Garcia" (SctechDaily.com/Astrophysicists Solve 40-Year-Old Black Hole Jet Mystery With NASA’s IXPE)

AI makes system possible to follow the changes of the objects in the skies. The systematic observations of the high-energy objects in the universe are uncovering new details in their reactions. The eruption period of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes is quite stable. And that if there is some kind of explosion or nova eruption in white dwarfs that means something impacted those things. Same way if there are differences in the radiation that a black hole sends that tells it eats something. 

The new satellite called IXPE observed a black hole called Markarian 501. And that thing helps to solve the 40 years old mystery of gamma- and X-ray radiation. The magnetic field of the black hole takes material from the transition disk to the poles of that supermassive object. 

And there those particles are impacting. The speed of those particles is extremely high, and the IXPE satellite observed how those extremely high-energy particles deliver their energy when they travel outside the black hole. 

That energy will transfer to the gas and dust and form gamma- and X-rays. This is one of the most interesting things in black hole research. 

The black hole's transition disk is one of the most high-energy objects in the universe. There is a possibility that IXPE-type of satellites can also find the wormholes. 

That are suspected to travel inside that gamma-ray. In some models, the wormholes are traveling between black holes' poles. And that means the north pole of the black hole will connect to another black hole's south pole. 

The idea is that the wormhole is forming around coherent gravitational waves. That thing forms the electromagnetic tunnel across the universe. Forming of the wormhole is limited to the speed of light. But if a wormhole or electromagnetic tornado can be formed. It offers a very interesting way to send information through the universe. 

The electromagnetic wormhole can also stop the aging of the particles. The laser- or some other energy radiation will deny that wave motion can travel out from particles. So if the object is inside the electromagnetic wormhole that thing affects virtually like the gravitational base or so-called real wormhole. The particle that travels in a laser ray would use 9 years to travel to Alpha Centauri. 

In this text, the distance between Alpha Centauri and Earth is calculated by using 4,5 ly. But outcoming radiation will stop time in the particle. The observer sees that the particle travels at 50% of the speed of light. But outcoming radiation denies that the particle can deliver wave motion. So outside observer sees that the particle uses 18 years for that travel. But the particle will not age at all. 

But even if only electromagnetic wormholes are possible those radiation beams can stop time on the particle. The idea is that high-power radiation denies that energy can travel outside the particle. The thing is that. Cosmic inflation causes the energy level in the universe around that electromagnetic beam to turn lower and lower. 

So the difference between the particle and its environment grows very high. When that electromagnetic radiation ends, energy starts to travel out from the particle very fast. And that thing destroys the particle immediately. So in that case the electromagnetic wormhole just stops time in particles. But the speed of the particle is limited to the speed of light. The particle must not travel even near the speed of light. The outcoming radiation denies that the wave motion travels out from the particles. 

Sources and image.

https://scitechdaily.com/astrophysicists-solve-40-year-old-black-hole-jet-mystery-with-nasas-ixpe/