Why does an antique chess console beat Chat GPT in chess?

When we think about those antique ATARI consoles from the 1978 model we always forget that they were not as easy to win as we thought. Those chess programs handled every kind of data as numeric. And the Chat GPT-type artificial intelligence handles that game as visual data. This is one of the things that we must realize when we think about this type of case. Those old chess consoles used very straight, linear tactics. The main difference between modern algorithms and old-fashioned computer programs is that those old programs are linear. And it handles all buttons and movements separately. 

So there is actually a chessbook in those chess programs, that it follows. Those old chess programs were more difficult than some people believe. If you were a first-timer in chess that means you would lose to those consoles. They played very aggressive and straight games against human opponents. The system tested the suitable movements for each button separately button by button. Because the program was linear the movements were made in a certain order. In those chess programs, every movement is determined by the program square by square. The programmer determined the movements for every button and every square separately. And that made those programs quite long. 

Those old-fashioned chess programs have a weakness that if something goes wrong they continue by following that line. There are certain numbers of lines that the program can use. And there is also the end of the line. Those programs can use complete tactics. But their limit is that those programs are fixed. They don’t write their databases and models again if they lose. And that makes those old-fashioned consoles and video games boring. When people learn tactics that it uses they can beat those old-fashioned programs. The limit of those video games is seen in action games. There are always the same points where enemies jump in front of the players. 

Then we can think about things like learning neural networks. Those networks can beat all old chess programs quite fast. The problem is that the neural network must see the game of the console before it can win those systems. AI is like a human. It requires practicing and training. Without knowledge of the opponent’s game, the AI is helpless. There are many ways to teach AI to create tactics against old-fashioned programs. The system can use some modern chess programs and then analyze the opponent’s game to create tactics. 

The other way is the system can analyze the source code and create a virtual machine that it can use to simulate the chess console game. But what do we learn from that case where antique consoles beat the modern AI? Without training the AI is helpless as humans. If the AI has no knowledge of how to play chess, it must search all data including movements of those buttons that make it as helpless as humans. 

Those old-fashioned consoles are RISC applications. They are made for only one purpose. Their code is completely serving the chess game. Modern AI is a complicated system. It can also do many other things than just serving the chess game. And that makes those old consoles somehow difficult to wing, at least when the AI can break its movements and tactics. 

https://en.shiftdelete.net/chatgpt-fails-in-chess/

The first all-in-one chip works as a pathfinder for a quantum network.

"Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed the first chip that integrates key quantum photonic components to generate and manipulate entangled photons, advancing efforts toward a scalable quantum internet. This breakthrough enables transmission of quantum information over existing fiber-optic infrastructure, using mass-producible chips to reduce cost and complexity. (Artist’s concept.) (ScitechDaily, Scientists Build First All-in-One Chip for Quantum Internet)

The quantum internet is extremely safe. Data that travels in the quantum network is connected to particles.  If somebody tries to steal data that causes the qubit the particle that transports data will lose it. If somebody looks at the data. It travels out of the qubit. In regular encryption, the system just disturbs the data into new order.

Quantum encryption means that the system denies the access to the data. In the simplest versions. The system can transport data in hollow laser beams. The data transportation laser sends data in the hollow laser beam. That denies outsiders to see data. That travels in the system. 

Both quantum computers and quantum networks require a new type of infrastructure. Old-fashioned copper- and light cables are useless if the system must transport qubits in the network. One of the solutions can be fullerene nanotubes. Qubits transport information in those nanostructures. 

The idea is that the system loads information to the photon. And then. That photon will travel inside the nanotube. The problem is that those nanotubes must be very long. Replacing copper and light cables using nanotubes is not a cheap solution. The nanotube is also very hard. And that makes it hard to put them into curves. 

Another way to close this problem is to make a quantum wire that looks like a tapeworm. The structure of the quantum network would be a series of quantum chips. That thing makes the structure. That is a combination of the quantum computer and data transportation system. The system transports information in a series of superpositioned and entangled photons. The cable itself acts as a data-handling tool. 

That segment-chain computer can have two ways to handle data. The electric- or photon-electric binary system prepares those quantum chips to transport qubits. The system can transport data without changing or processing it. But it can also operate as a quantum computer. 

The system can act as a series. In that model, the quantum chips send information back to the beginning point when data travels through them. The system stores that data in mass memories. It can compare data that travels in two separate chains. Because. Information travels in that quantum chip chain in stages. 

The system recognizes if there is a difference in data. The data-handling process happens in stages. And the system recognizes where the error begins. That kind of "intelligent cable" would be one way to make a quantum computer that can transport information between two points. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-build-first-all-in-one-chip-for-quantum-internet/

The last question: computing and quantum chromodynamics.

The last question is the SciFi novel by Isaac Asimov. The final question in that thing is this: "Can the workings of the second law of thermodynamics (used in the story as the increase of the entropy of the universe) be reversed?" Multivac's only response after much "thinking" is "INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER.".  (Wikipedia, The last question) 

The Multivac is a computer, in that novel. The question is about the entropy that grows all the time and destroys the system. The Multivac cannot make the real answer, because it must know the entire system for making a real and proven answer. Some people say that quantum chromodynamics can give the answer. But then we can think that The Last question is the story about information as a puzzle. The puzzle is ready when the last piece is in its place. And the vital information can be in the last puzzle. 

"In the last scene, the god-like descendant of humanity, the unified mental process of over a trillion, trillion, trillion humans who have spread throughout the universe, watches the stars flicker out, one by one, as matter and energy end, and with them, space and time. Humanity asks AC ("Analog Computer"), Multivac's ultimate descendant that exists in hyperspace beyond the bounds of gravity or time, the entropy question one last time, before the last of humanity merges with AC and disappears."(Wikipedia, The last question) 

"AC is still unable to answer but continues to ponder the question even after space and time cease to exist. AC ultimately realizes that it has not yet combined all of its available data in every possible combination and so begins the arduous process of rearranging and combining every last bit of information that it has gained throughout the eons and through its fusion with humanity. Eventually, AC discovers the answer—that the reversal of entropy is, in fact, possible—but has nobody to report it to, since the universe is already dead. It therefore decides to answer by demonstration. The story ends with AC's pronouncement:"(Wikipedia, The last question) 

"And AC said: "LET THERE BE LIGHT!" And there was light—"(Wikipedia, The last question) 

We can think of this novel as an example. Where the last person or last part of the system can have the answer. Or, we can think that the fictional Multivac can transmit its information into the past to another Multivac. 

"In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron, and pion. QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory, with a symmetry group. "(Wikipedia, Quantum Chromodynamics). 

The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color. Gluons are the force carriers of the theory, just as photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A large body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years. " (Wikipedia, Quantum Chromodynamics). 

But the fact is that. These internal and external forces affect the system. That can seem very complicated. But time also interacts with the system. The system requires all information to make a trusted answer for that thing. If we want to get information about this question, we must go back in time. We can make a model where Multivac always transfers itself back in time when the universe faces its ultimate end. That helps Multivac to increase or grow its dataset. That means the Multivac exists in cycles and always when the universe ends its existence that system gets more data to its dataset. 

The problem is this. Every time. When the Multivac completes its cycle. And returns to the Big Bang event. The last part of the Universe's existence will be left out of the Multivac's sensors. Another way to get information from the future is to make a black hole that transmits information from the future to the past. That means the Multivac could be the tandem computer. Those computers travel as a row through time. The creators make two Multivacs at different points in time. And then the first Multivac will transmit information back in time. 

The causal loop looks like the pint. There is a channel between the points in time. That means the Multivac can get the entire information of the system only when the causal loop to the past starts at the ultimate ending point. The retrocausality is like the echo from the future. In ultimate high-energy objects time travels slower than normally. So those objects travel in the future. And if the system can make the energy level that is lower than the energy minimum in the universe it faces opposite time dilation. And that means it travels back in time. Sometimes causal loop is misunderstood the same as a fictional time loop. 

"The time loop or temporal loop is a plot device in fiction whereby characters re-experience a span of time which is repeated, sometimes more than once, with some hope of breaking out of the cycle of repetition. Time loops are constantly resetting; when a certain condition is met, such as a death of a character or a certain point in time, the loop starts again, possibly with one or more characters retaining the memories from the previous loop" (Wikipedia, Time Loop)

That thing is complicated. The data that travels against time will be encrypted by the entropy. The only way is to make the small qubits that can be black holes. And then drive them through the main black hole to the past. The thermal end of the universe makes that thing a little bit unsure. In the case of Big Silence, the energy level turns so low that the Multivac cannot turn its temperature below the energy minimum. 

The Multivac could be like the molecule. The black hole that is in the antenna transmits information into the higher dimensions. 

If the end of the universe is the big crunch the Multivac can make that thing. In that case, the massive energy load can push information backward in time. Quantum chromodynamics allows the information to travel back in time. The problem is that the information exists from the point that we see it. So we cannot notice if the information that we see comes from the future. And that makes proving the retrocausality almost impossible. Retrocausality means that thing that happens in the future can also interact with things that happen in the past. 

But in big silence where the universe continues its expansion forever makes that thing very difficult. The thing is that the Multivac can store enormous numbers of information. And in the case of the Big Silence. The Multivac can release all information stored in it. If the Multivac has the physical form of the cube there is another side of the superposition that transmits data from the 3D universe into the 4th or 5th dimensions that thing can detonate when the universe turns into a cold and zero energy place. 

When the outside energy pressure ends that cube or ball detonates immediately. Or the black hole inside it vaporizes. The structure around the black hole will not get energy and that causes a situation that the material vaporizes immediately. The black hole pulls everything in it. And then it starts to vaporize. That forms the new Universe. But that means if there is another person who asks the same question that is purely coincidence. 

If the Multivac could transport information between two systems. The answer that it creates using information from the first system is not 100% sure. Two systems can look identical but they are still different systems. The Multivac should bring information from the future to the same system. And that means information is out of the system for a while. That means the Multivac can make the system different. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrocausality

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_paradox

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Question

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_loop

The Oxford researchers said. They archived teleportation between two quantum computers.

The quantum neural network is similar to regular morphing neural networks. But the difference is that the quantum neural network the qubits or quantum computers make the network. That means the quantum neural network would be the fastest and the most powerful computing system in the universe that we can imagine. Data travels in that network in the form of qubits or quantum entanglements between superpositioned particles. 

That teleportation happened between two quantum systems. That happened without moving qubits. So the researchers shot information in the form of quantum tape. Or wave movement through the quantum channel. That helps to scale quantum computers. 

In old quantum systems, the qubits were unique. Quantum teleportation means that the data travels in quantum channels in the quantum entanglement. The data can travel faster in the quantum channel than outside it. That channel can be like an electromagnetic shadow between two particles. 

And that means quantum entanglement can be extremely fast. And secure data transmission method. The idea is that data travels in the qubit or in the quantum string between two points. And that makes it impossible to eavesdrop on those signals. Quantum computers are tools that will change computing. 

But they have one problem. Their power is so high, that only another quantum computer can check their calculations. The quantum computer can make calculations in hours, which the regular computer requires for the rest of the existence of the universe. The weakness of quantum computers is that. 

They have not been scalable. Scalable quantum computers can check their solutions. The quantum channel is one kind of wormhole. Those channels are the things that are cleaned from molecules and crossing electromagnetic fields. And that thing means that. Light travels faster in quantum channels than it travels outside them. 

The Einstein-Rose bridge or gravitational wormhole is only the most extreme version of the wormhole. Things, like nanotubes and Faraday cages can make electromagnetic wormholes where some side-coming electromagnetic fields are removed. That thing protects the quantum entanglements from outside effects. Quantum entanglement can exist only when another side of the entanglement is at a lower energy level. 

The only known thing that can create the stable entanglement is the low-mass primordial black hole. The idea is that the photon would be in frame and that hypothetical black hole would be behind it. Then the transmitting side starts the data transmission between two photons. The black hole behind the receiving photon pulls energy into it. And keeps the stable entanglement in its form. 

That system requires a black hole. That is not possible to get. But maybe in the future that technology is possible. 

When the system makes the quantum entanglement it traps two photons in opposite frames. Then the system makes them oscillate synchronously. Then the system starts the data transmission. There are problems in putting mode complicated systems like atoms into quantum entanglement. 

The system stresses some electrons that they send the photon. And then it puts photons in the superposition and entanglement. The system can freeze those photons on the atom's quantum field which is one way to make quantum teleportation. 

The thing that could help the existence of the quantum entanglement would be a super cold environment. The idea is that the difference between those photon's energy levels should be as high as possible. 

That maximizes the differences between energy levels in that quantum entanglement. There are two ways to decrease the energy level of the receiving part. The first way is to decrease the energy level before and the second is to decrease the energy level after the quantum entanglement is made. 

In the last one, the system pumps energy out from the receiving part of the particle pair when the quantum system starts to transmit the data. The problem is that the quantum system must control the vibrations and oscillations of those particles. And energy pumping can cause non-controlled vibrations. 

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/oxford-teleportation-quantum-computing-supercomputer-b2695851.html

https://www.sciencealert.com/teleportation-achieved-between-quantum-computers-in-a-world-first

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_network

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation

DNA-controlled technology can make new things that were impossible a short time ago.

"Reconfigurable DNA nanorobots that are working on the surface of synthetic cells. Credit: University of Stuttgart / 2nd Physics Institute" (ScitechDaily, DNA Nanorobots Unlock New Frontiers in Targeted Drug Delivery)

 DNA-controlled technology can make new things that were impossible a short time ago. 

The DNA can store lots of data. And that gives very small machines good self-operating capacity. New medical tools require very high accuracy. And DNA-based computing can be the answer to that. The DNA molecules can travel in the pressure tube. 

And that makes it possible to transport data in a safe mode. Over short distances. The system looks like the pressure tube post, that is seen in many shopping centers. But tubes are smaller and there are moving DNA packages. Outsiders cannot see data that is stored in the DNA packages that travel in those tubes. 

The DNA-controlled nanomachines can operate very independently. 

Nanobubbles and DNA-based nanomachines are the new tools for medicine. The nanomachine can create those bubbles and then ultrasound makes them oscillate. That makes the bubble create new bubbles. Nanobubbles can revolutionize medicals and antibiotics. But the problem is how to put those nanobubbles into cells and the right blood vessels. 

Nanobubbles can close blood vessels and destroy non-wanted cells. But that requires a very high accuracy. To transport those bubbles to the right point. The nanobubbles can also close chemical leaks. Or they can transport gas that can suppress gas to the right point. 

The problem with nanomachines is that they require microchips that are not possible to make. Or they require outside computers to control them. DNA-controlled machines can be the tool that makes many things possible. 

Genetically engineered bacteria can replace the damaged DNA from the cells using new and fresh DNA. DNA is the tool that can make almost everything in biology. It can be used to create artificial bacteria that can drive neurotransmitters in neurons. That can drive information to the neurons. That ability to control information stored in the DNA makes it possible to use that thing in learning and repairing brain damages. 

"New “epi-bits” technology could revolutionize how we store data, offering a method that is both high-density and cost-effective, using DNA to store vast amounts of information efficiently. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Storing Thousands of Terabytes in a Single Gram of DNA)

Researchers found the gate that controls decision-making. That means there is the possibility to control that gate. But that requires very accurate systems that control neurons with ultimate precision. That thing opens new roads to addiction and other treatments. However, the nanomachine must transport the gate controller into the right position. 

The DNA is a new tool that can control all-scale robots. And it can be as effective as a data storage transportation system. And it can replace quantum systems in short-distance data transportation. The DNA molecule can store thousands of terabytes in a gram of it. In DNA-based data transportation systems, the system can be like a pressure tube post. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chamber-based system creates the DNA that should transport information. 

The receiver can read that information straight from the molecule. Or, the artificial DNA can control the cell that sends the electric signals or light flashes to sensors. The system sends the DNA or cell that it controls through the tube to the receiver. 

And that makes it possible to create compact and effective systems that can search for wanted cells from inside the human body. The independently operating nanomachines require new tools that can replace traditional microchips. DNA is a tool that can offer a good way to make many things. 

That was impossible for traditional systems. The DNA-based nanomachine- or genetically engineered cells can transmit neurotransmitters between neurons and those machines. And we can include genetically engineered bacteria in nanorobots. The ability to exchange information between neurons and DNA-controlled systems makes it possible to control those things using thoughts. 

The ability to use the DNA as data storage that can transport information is the thing, that allows to use of the DNA as the chemical computer. The DNA molecule can control cells to give electric impulses or bioluminescence light flashes and those things can transport information between the DNA and computer. DNA-based computing is a new idea. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dna-nanorobots-unlock-new-frontiers-in-targeted-drug-delivery/

https://scitechdaily.com/storing-thousands-of-terabytes-in-a-single-gram-of-dna/

https://scitechdaily.com/ultrasonic-waves-unlock-the-hidden-potential-of-microbubbles/

https://scitechdaily.com/yale-researchers-uncover-brains-secret-filter-for-decision-making/

The ant-shaped robots are moving large stones.

Robots are multipurpose tools. And even small robots can move large objects if they act as groups. Ant-shaped miniature robots are excellent tools for many purposes. They can take samples from ant nests and search for things like fungus between walls. The miniature robots can make chains and deliver information from cramped places. 

They can observe cables and search for damages from tubes and electric wires. The use of those robots is almost unlimited. They can act in medical operations where they can operate as miniature surgical tools. The jaws of those robots can act as surgeon knives. The miniature robots can carry miniature sensors that can search for many things. The cloud-based calculation systems are tools that can make miniature robots operate independently. 

The non-centralized data architecture makes it possible to turn those robot's computers into one entirety. And that turns those robots into a deep neural network where they share their calculation capacity. 

That gives those systems the ability to drive quite complex algorithms. This gives them very high independence. Maybe one part of those swarms doesn't have very high-power processors. But if they act as an entirety, those systems can be very effective.

Those robot ants can go inside houses and deliver information about the enemy headquarters. In the military world, those small robots can slip into the computer centers and then cut wires from those computers. Or they can deliver the oil spill response microbe to fuel storage. The same microbes can be used against oil damage. But in the fuel tank, those microbes destroy the fuel.  

Miniature robots can also act as testbeds for larger-size robots. Large robots can also operate in swarms. That makes the robot swarm technology suitable for large systems. The car or lorry-size robots can also operate as an entirety. 

The new robots can act as legos. They can form larger structures that can remove themselves. The self-assembly materials make it possible to create self-assembly and self-repairing surfaces and structures. In those structures, the material is formed of the separated robots that can touch each other. 

https://scitechdaily.com/watch-ant-like-robot-swarms-lift-heavy-objects-with-herculean-strength/

Programmable DNA can be the tool that revolutionizes computing and nano-machinery.

"A new DNA computing method enhances speed and reusability by simulating natural gene processes and using a solid glass surface for reactions, reducing completion time to 90 minutes. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Beyond Silicon: How DNA Is Powering Next-Gen Computers)

"Researchers have developed a new, fast, and rewritable method for DNA computing that promises smaller, more powerful computers." (ScitechDaily, Beyond Silicon: How DNA Is Powering Next-Gen Computers)

"This method mimics the sequential and simultaneous gene expression in living organisms and incorporates programmable DNA circuits with logic gates. The improved process places DNA on a solid glass surface, enhancing efficiency and reducing the need for manual transfers, culminating in a 90-minute reaction time in a single tube." (ScitechDaily, Beyond Silicon: How DNA Is Powering Next-Gen Computers)

"DNA carries the instructions for life, guiding everything from physical traits like hair color to disease susceptibility. Its ability to store vast amounts of information and perform complex biological processes has inspired scientists to explore DNA-based computers. These futuristic devices could be faster and more compact than today’s silicon-based computers. In a new study published today (December 11) in ACS Central Science, researchers unveiled a new DNA computing method that is both fast and rewritable — much like modern digital computers." (ScitechDaily, Beyond Silicon: How DNA Is Powering Next-Gen Computers)

“DNA computing as a liquid computing paradigm has unique application scenarios and offers the potential for massive data storage and processing of digital files stored in DNA,” explains Fei Wang, one of the study’s co-authors."(ScitechDaily, Beyond Silicon: How DNA Is Powering Next-Gen Computers)

"Folded, origami-like DNA attached to a glass surface, as shown in this illustration, store data for fast, rewritable DNA-based computation. Credit: Adapted from ACS Central Science 2024, DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c01557" (ScitechDaily, Beyond Silicon: How DNA Is Powering Next-Gen Computers)

DNA can replace the silicone in the next generation of computers. The programmed DNA circuits can make fundamental things in the miniaturized technology. The ability to reorder the DNA makes it possible to create cells that can input data to computers in the form of electric impulses. 

The programmable DNA circuit can turn the cell to operate as a robot. Or it can make small machines act like cells. The miniaturized robots can be the tool. 

That makes fundamental things in cancer treatment and many other things. The problem is how to make those robots close and select the cancer cells and release their chemicals or start to destroy the internal structures of the cancer cells. 

The nanomachine can destroy mitochondria from the cancer cell. Or it can cut the protein wires. That makes immune cells' shells low voltage and denies their ion pump operation. The thing is that the nanorobots blur the line between living organisms and robots. 

Nanotechnology is an extremely good tool for medical purposes. Or it would be an extremely good tool. If it can be fully controlled. The nanomachine can be the cell that cannot create descendants or divide. The cell can be the bacteria that creates enzymes that destroy the cancer cells. The nanomachine can be the long protein that travels into the targeted cells and fills them. 

Or it can be one cell from a cell group that cannot divide. That cell can created from cloned cells.  The cell can have a programmed suicide gene and when it slips into the cell group there it is cloned. That cell can die. That thing pulls all of those cells into the low-voltage that touches the cell. There are many ways to destroy wanted cells. But the problem is always how to make nanomachines to search and destroy only wanted cells. If nanorobots go out of control it causes dangerous situations in the human body. 

Quantum computers and AI threaten data security. The only thing we can do is to be prepared for that threat.

"Researchers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications are developing new cryptographic standards to protect against quantum computing threats. Their work includes measuring adoption rates and implementing quantum-resistant protocols, with early results indicating gradual progress." (ScitechDaily, Quantum Computing Threatens Cybersecurity: Are We Prepared?)

Mathematicians found the new prime number. (2^136,279,841 )− 1. That is a large number. If the computer uses Riemann's conjecture to break the code, that thing means that it takes a very long time to break the encryption that is made by using prime numbers. The system must try every known prime number for the message. 

That means traditional computers may take years to break the code. The neural networks can start simultaneous calculations at multiple points on a number line.  And that shortens the time very much the system can consist of thousands of personal computers. And that makes it possible to solve complex cryptological problems in a short time. 

The thing that connects neural networks to quantum computers is that neural networks might look like single, solid-core, or monolithic computers. But those networks are multiple computers. Those computers can operate independently. As well as. They can operate as an entirety. 

That thing means that when the neural network takes on a new mission, it must not stop. The traditional Turing machine must stop before it takes the new mission. If one unit of the neural network gets stuck, that means other participants will help it. That means the computer that is stuck can clean up its memories. And before it, the other computers can download that data into them. 

In the morphing neural networks, the system can analyze what caused the overleak. The morphing neural network means that the role of the participants changes. The AI-based control makes it possible to create a system with advanced self-diagnostics. That kind of system allows to use same systems for multiple uses. 

If the system also backs up the RAM- memory to independent hard disks. That denies the data loss if some units must be rebooted. Quantum computers can make similar things. It doesn't need to stop. But the quantum computers are new tools. And there is a long need to use binary computers. 

Three most powerful computing systems. 

1) PC-computer based neural networks 

2) Supercomputer-based neural networks 

3) Qauntum computer-based neural networks. 

Another thing is that quantum computers are coming. Maybe the NSA already has those systems. But also Chinese and their company states have their quantum computer projects. Those nations have money for that kind of system development. 

And that means our data security is endangered. The major problem is that things like RSA encryption are made to protect information against single computers. The major problem is that the RSA encryption algorithms are created for binary computers. It took years to create prime numbers using supercomputers. 

The quantum computer can create those prime numbers in less than a second. And that makes them the ultimate problematic tools. Those systems can also create an ultimate defense. The AI-controlled neural networks can also make it possible to create prime numbers more effectively than single computers. 

A supercomputer is a powerful tool, but neural networks are more powerful, especially in cases where the system must create the prime numbers from the number line. When somebody asks what is the most powerful computer system in the world, I would answer that the neural network of quantum computers. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-computing-threatens-cybersecurity-are-we-prepared/

The photonic chips are the new tools for computing.

Things like quantum computers require ultra-fast data handling systems to control them. The quantum computer is the most powerful calculation system in the world. The problem is that the quantum computer requires binary computers to input and output information to the system.  Researchers cannot connect things like screens and keyboards straight to the quantum computer. That's why there is needed a binary computer between the quantum state and input-output devices. 

When the controlling system notices some anomaly it must react immediately. Another thing that the system requires is that. The system that controls the quantum entanglement should not disturb the quantum entanglement and sensors. 

That downloads and uploads data in and out from superpositioned and entangled photons. Or some other particles. All electromagnetic systems cause electromagnetic fields that can affect data that travels in the qubit. 

So the answer is the photonic microchip. The photonic microchip can load data to photons and then deliver it to the quantum computers. There is one little problem with photonic computers. The system needs regular quantum computers to drive information to photonic computers. And, the new nanomaterials can make it possible to change photons to electricity and backward. 

In this model, the quantum computer has three stages. 

The regular binary computer. 

The photonic binary computer

Quantum computer. 

Image 2

The input will happen through the regular binary computer, which decodes it to the photonic binary system. And then the photonic binary system transfers data to the quantum state. When the quantum state makes its duty, the system will return the data to the regular binary computer through a photonic binary computer. 

This model means that the system is scalable and it saves energy. The binary system calls those other layers or states to work with a mission that takes too long time for the first level. If photonic computers cannot solve the problem in a certain time. The system transfers the problem to the quantum state. 

Image 3 

Those photonic processor rings look like token ring architecture. (Image 2)The processing system can involve many processors. That allows it to drive multiple databases at the same time. Or they are hybrid systems. That uses mesh-protocol-based architecture (Image 3). 

In that system, the central processor shares the missions with the other processors. The neural networks use mesh protocol. The mesh- or distributed networks have one benefit to centralized networks. If one processor has problems or damages, the data can pass that processor. 

When we think about the primary computers the photonic microchips can make the ring where they drive information. The system can involve two photonic microchip rings. It can compile the intermission after each processor drive. And if there are anomalies like different results there is something wrong. 

After a certain time. The system can transfer data to the next processor. And when the processor transfers the mission to the new processor. It can make the backup. 

Then there is the control system between those two rings that can compile the data. And that can be the new tool for systems that drive complex data structures. Things like the large language model. The LLM-type systems require. The new physical tools to handle information. New systems must support quantum calculation more effectively. 

The system must start to drive multiple databases at the same time. The photonic systems allow researchers to make new systems. That supports machine learning more effectively than traditional systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harnessing-light-quantum-materials-supercharge-data-transmission/

https://scitechdaily.com/integrating-photonics-with-silicon-nanoelectronics-into-chip-designs/

https://scitechdaily.com/microscopic-marvel-a-photonic-device-that-could-change-physics-and-lasers-forever/

The new nanomaterials can make it possible to change photons to electricity and backward. 

When requirements grow, programs grow.

The main problem with computing is when developers make something. There is needed new solutions almost immediately. Those new solutions make the application interesting. And many times. Those new solutions mean new abilities for applications. New skills require new libraries. And that thing cumulates the size of the program. 

The new libraries require more space and more effective computing. The thing is that AI is going to more detailed program code. When we think about the first AI "chatbots" the simple programs that asked people some questions, and then the program gave some pre-programmed answers, we must realize that those programs looked intelligent. 

One example of those programs is a program that asks: 

Are you a boy or a girl?

A: Boy

What's your name"?

A: John

How old are you?

A: 23

Where do you live?

Bristol

Then the program said: 

Please to meet you: 

You are a boy, whose name is John. You are 23 years old, and you live in Bristol. And I'm your servant. 

Those things are quite easy to program by using C, Java, or C++. But that program puts answers to the right points in the programmed text. And the form of the text doesn't require us to notice things like "she" or "he".  That simple code is an example of pseudo-intelligence. One "else" command makes it possible to create an answer that if the answer is something else, the computer answers that "you must answer "boy" or "girl". That makes those programs look intelligent. If the programmer has time, it's possible to add all British first names and all the world's city names to the list of allowed worlds. And that gives an appearance of intelligence. 

The thing is that when we think about the modern AI that can control things like cars, we must realize that in the middle is a large language model, LLM. The LLM itself does nothing. But it transfers the data to the part of the code. That controls the self-driving cars. That LLM stays at a tolerable size. But the libraries that the system needs grow. That makes it hard to control data in the system. 

The network-based architecture means that the system can have multiple, limited AIs or LLMs that are connected into the entirety. That thing makes the system more flexible. Because the system has many separate operating cores. It allows the developers to create those cells as modules. Every module is an independently operating part of the structure. 

Above: Mesh network. In network-based systems, every computer runs its own LLM and modules connected to it. So every computer involves certain action series. And, each computer is responsible for its part of the system's skills. 

The structure might look like some kind of mesh topology. That means that there is a central LLM. That is called the specialized LLM to make the mission. The system operates like a mesh topology. When as an example a robot car drives a robot to the shop it sends a mission to the next operator. 

That operator is the robot that goes into the shop. The mesh model means that the system must not bother the central actor all the time. That means that if the central processor or LLM is busy or the system is out of connection the sub-system can continue its mission without the central actor's support or control.  

When a user gives orders to the central LLM. That can transfer the mission to the sub-LLM that has data to complete the mission. The networked structure makes it possible that one mission doesn't keep the entire system busy. When one module operates with some mission. Other parts of the system can perform other duties. 

In modern neural networks, the middle of the system is the LLM. The LLM is connected with sub-LLM systems. The system looks like a neural network. When an owner calls, the car to the door. The central LLM gives a mission to the LLM that controls the car. The car's AI system can interact with surveillance cameras and the surveillance system tells if there are some dangers in that area. 

Or if there are no surveillance cameras the owner can send a drone that looks if there is something behind corners. The drone can hang over the vehicle and send the image to the computer where the car's corners are going. The car requires a 3D camera system and radar. That it can drive safely. 

And then it requires large-size databases that tell what the car should do in all situations that it can face on the road. There are lots of things that the system must avoid. When we think about the models of the complex systems we must create the systems using the cell- or neural-based networked architecture. For these reasons, I told you before.