Can dark matter have some hidden force?

“Dark matter may experience an unseen attractive force, but stronger attraction does not necessarily make the Universe more clumped. Credit: SciTechDaily.com.” (SciTechDaily, Dark Matter’s Secret Force Could Reshape Our Understanding of the Universe)

Dark matter is one of the suggested sources of dark energy. This means that if WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are real particles or quasiparticles. Those things can send wave movement. That can affect only another WIMP. This means that: 

A hidden force. Between those particles. It is wave movement. In the same way as all four fundamental interactions are. This means that the “fifth force”. It could be the wave effect between WIMPs. And then we can ask. What kind of particle could the WIMP be? The particle could be very massive. But it also could tunnel through other particles. So could those WIMPs be extremely fast-spinning particles? This means that the very fast spin makes those particles like spaghetti. When those WIMPs spin. 

They bind energy from around them. And that thing can make a gravity-like effect. The spinning particle. It could form energy strings. Similar to how neutron stars or black holes form. Their jet beams. This means. The WIMP could focus energy and aim it. Into. A certain direction. Another model is that the WIMP. It could be some. Kind. Of quasiparticle. 

In this case. The WIMP. It is like a tornado in the quantum field. If that kind of structure forms. The quantum field can create a bulge in that quantum tornado. That quantum tornado presses energy into that bulge. And presses energy into it. This presses the quantum bulge into collapse. That turns it into the shape of a string.  These kinds of quasiparticles. They can pull energy into them. From. Both sides of the structure. That thing can cause a quantum version of an electric arc. That thing. It can form the quantum version of the pressure wave. But what causes that quantum tornado? One suspected thing is tachyon.  

Tachyon is a hypothetical faster-than-light particle. When. Tachyon travels faster-than-light. That particle cannot interact with other particles. But when its speed slows. It must realease its energy to the environment. That energy has a similar shape to the supersonic boom. That forms a model. That could mean photons. Could be the structures that form when tachyons release their energy. And form the ring-shaped energy string. In that process, the tachyon transforms into some other particle. That particle could be the Higgs Boson. Or some other particle that is a very similar, short-lived, high-energy particle. When the hypothetical tachyon releases its energy. 

This process form the energy string. That looks like a wheel. When. That energy string travels out from the particle. It forms low-pressure energy behind it. Maybe a single tachyon cannot make anything fundamental. But if there are billions and billions of tachyons. Those things have an effect. In some models, tachyons form outside the universe. Or in cosmic voids. This means they could be “normal” particles. That travel faster than they should. When those particles hit a denser quantum field. They. Release their extra energy. This means they turn into some other particles. That we already know. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matters-secret-force-could-reshape-our-understanding-of-the-universe/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Could the dark matter be from the fifth dimension?

“A new theoretical framework suggests dark matter’s elusive behavior may arise from the geometry of a hidden fifth dimension. Credit: Shutterstock” (ScitechDaily, Could Dark Matter Be Hiding in a Hidden Fifth Dimension?)

“The geometry of a hidden dimension may naturally explain dark matter resonance and its elusive behavior. Every galaxy appears to carry far more mass than telescopes can see. That invisible material, known as dark matter, may be linked to a hidden fifth dimension whose geometry naturally shapes how dark matter particles behave, according to a theory developed at the University of Sheffield.” (ScitechDaily, Could Dark Matter Be Hiding in a Hidden Fifth Dimension?)

There is a possibility. That dark matter has two forms. The thing that binds energy. And the form that releases energy. So this means that. Dark matter. It could be a source for dark energy. The idea is that. Hypothetical dark matter particle, WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle). It can have a spin of 2-3. So WIMP rotates 2-3 times around its axle. Until it releases the light quantum. While it changes its direction. When a particle changes its direction. It must stop first. And in that process, it releases energy as a light quantum. Normally, a fermion's spin is 1/2. If the particle’s spin is 2-3. That means it stores more energy in itself. And released light quantum. It has more energy than. In the case of a “normal” fermion. 

This is an interesting question. The idea is that dark matter could be a particle that is from a different dimension. The problem with the fifth dimension. Is this. We cannot see the fifth dimension. And the reason for that is logical. The fifth dimension. It can exist only in the fourth dimension. And that means that. All dimensions are surrounded by the lower dimension. And this means the journey to the fifth dimension passes through the fourth. So the fourth dimension is between the third and fifth dimensions. Sometimes it is explained that the fourth dimension.

It’s time that runs forward. And the fifth dimension is time that runs backward. So, when the particle reaches the third dimension. It must release its energy. If it comes from the higher dimensions. This causes radiation. But it also causes evaporation. And that can create a situation where the matter or its environment binds energy very fast. That can cause a situation that we see as dark matter. 

Can dark matter be some kind of quasiparticle? 

In some dark matter models. Very fast particles that come to the Galaxy from its supermassive black holes or outside the galaxy. Create some kind of “holes” in the quantum fields in the galaxy. So, if some particles really make holes in a dense quantum field. That field tries to fill that hole or channel. And those holes can act like real particles. This means that at least some part of the dark matter particles are hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). They can be virtual particles. Or some kind of quasiparticles. The thing that supports this model. That is, dark matter seems to be especially concentrated in galaxies. And if the hole, or channel, forms in a dense field. That channel has a stronger effect than in a weak field. 

This means that if the dark matter is like a channel that looks like a deep exciton. It can be the reason. For why dark matter exists in the galaxies. The fact is that. All galaxies seem to have no dark matter. And this is the thing. That supports the model that WIMPs are real particles. But in some other models, an active galaxy can form a cosmic void around it. The gamma ray glow. It can push matter and quantum fields out from around the galaxy. This means that the galaxy. It can be in the cosmic void. And that can mean: it can spin faster than it should. 

Or, could WIMP be a particle? That spin is different. Than others?

But could the radiation from the center? Of the galaxies? And their black holes cause a situation. There are some particles. That spin turns very fast. This means that the gamma-ray glow pushes some particles and turns their spin into >1. 

A normal fermion has spin 1/2. If the spin turns >1, that means that those particles bind energy more strongly. The particle binds energy until its spin direction changes. So, if the particles spin. It’s, let’s say, 2-3. That means it spins around its axle 2-3 times before it releases energy. So, this means that. The particle will be far heavier. Than other particles. Same way. When it changes its direction. That particle will release. A far stronger wave quantum. Than a regular fermion. This means that the WIMP could still be the source of the dark energy. 

There is a model. There. The WIMPs, or dark matter. It has not only one shape. This means that WIMPs are multiple phenomena. This means that dark matter can be different types of things that we see.  As the gravitational effect. But then return to the galaxies without dark matter. Could it be possible that there is some kind of mass effect? What causes the situation? There, the galaxy spins too fast. It's possible that if the galaxy is very active. And it sends very strong gamma-rays. That radiation removes matter from its edge. That means that the mass is in the outer layer. Of the galaxy. It can be very thin. If the galaxy spins in a cosmic void. Its spin can be faster than that of other galaxies. 

https://scitechdaily.com/could-dark-matter-be-hiding-in-a-hidden-fifth-dimension/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-matter-has-two-forms-bold-new-hypothesis-could-explain-a-cosmic-mystery/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-dimensional_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark matter is not ruled out as the cause of the Milky Way's strange glow.

“An image of the gamma-ray excess observed at the center of the Milky Way, overlaid on an optical image of the galaxy. Scientists have debated the origin of this excess and whether it could be caused by dark matter for more than a decade. Credit: NASA; A. Mellinger/Central Michigan University; T. Linden/University of Chicago” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Mysterious Glow May Be Dark Matter After All)

Milky Way’s strange glow. The high-energy gamma-ray emission caused grey hair among astronomers. There is suspicion that the annihilating dark matter. It can cause the gamma-ray glow. This suggests that gamma-ray emission can occur when high-density dark matter particles collide. That can explain why this halo seems to come from the Sagittarius A. Sgr*A. Or around it. This means that the dark matter. 

It can form a similar material disk. Around the SgrA as visible matter. The material disk around the Sgr*A. It is one. Of the highest energy objects in the universe. This means that. The energy level in the dark matter material disk would be enormous. But can dark matter send gamma-rays? That is one of the things that answers require more observations. If there is some kind of annihilation between those dark matter particles. 

That should require. That. There is also an anti-matter version of the dark matter. This means that the hypothetical dark matter particles. They should have an anti-particle pair. But nobody has seen a dark matter particle yet. The glow can also form. In the friction between dark matter particles in the extremely dense energy field. But if dark matter sends gamma-rays. That causes this glow. 

The gamma-ray glow. It can come directly from dark matter. Or it can be an emission radiation from other particles. This means that in an extremely high-energy area. The matter moves very fast. This can cause a situation. That dark energy that the dark matter sends. It can cause visible interaction with some material particles. The glow could also form. When dark matter particles hit electrons. If those impacts happen often enough. That thing. It can raise the energy level in those visible particles. That we can see that reaction. 

There is a model about dark matter. The idea is that dark matter actually glows. Or we could see that thing. But the glow from the visible particles covers that glow below it. If dark matter particles send dark energy. That energy could have such a short wavelength. That gamma-rays could cover that thin layer below it. If that is right. The dark matter particle. It’s a very small and high-energy particle. There is a model. That's the dark matter particles. They are the same as mythical gravitons. 

The idea is that. The dark matter particle. It is a quantum-sized black hole. If that is right. The quantum-sized black holes. Smaller than quarks. They can also send dark energy. Those quantum black holes. They have similar halos, energy disks, and relativistic jets. As normal black holes  have. Those things are only a far smaller size. So, when those halos and transition disks impact each other. That thing can send gamma-rays. If that model. It's true. The relativistic jet that those black holes form. It can turn into a superstring. 

In this model. In the middle of every single particle is a quantum-size black hole. The shell of the particle. It will be the halo of those extremely small black holes. 

This means that those quantum-sized relativistic jets are things. That makes particles pull each other. When that quantum jet hits a lower-energy particle. That lower energy particle. Pulls energy from that string. That will pull the other particle. To that lower energy particle. Or rather saying. Lower energy particle. It pulls fields to it. Then that field falls. The higher energy particle. Then that higher-energy particle points its relativistic jet at another particle. And then. The lower energy particle pulls. The higher energy particle. To it.

This could explain many things. Like annihilation. The annihilation forms. When opposite-spinning quantum fields touch each other.  This means that. This effect is similar to the collimation of the larger black holes. That can explain the gamma-ray burst in annihilation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

Can we accept? That there are galaxies without dark matter.

“This Hubble image shows the stars of ultra-diffuse galaxy DF9, along with a series of background objects, mostly galaxies, located at much greater distances. DF9 makes almost a perfect line, at least in two-dimensional space, with previously identified dark matter-free candidate galaxies DF2 and DF4, suggesting, but not proving, a possible association."

"Credit: M.A. Keim et al., Hubble Space Telescope/ESA/NASA, Astrophysical Journal, 2026” (BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

The reason. Why ultra diffuse galaxies? Spin differently than they should. It can be in their formation. The galaxies have only a couple of stars. Normally, those galaxies involve more dark matter than usual. And some of the ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDG). Formed almost entirely of dark matter. Dark matter keeps those galaxies in their form.  But there are UDGs without dark matter. 

This means that there must be a weaker electromagnetic interaction between stars than usual. Or the spin of the galaxy is slow. The question is. What is the dark matter's role as a wave transporter? We know that wave. It cannot move in an absolute vacuum. So, is dark matter some kind of “ether”? Things that can transport wave movement. But itself be unseen? Or is there interaction between dark matter particles? And could that energy be the mythic dark energy? That means. Dark energy could have its source in dark matter. 

There are four possible galaxies. There seems to be no dark matter. Those galaxies. If they have no dark matter. That doesn’t prove dark matter non-existent. They prove that dark matter is matter like all other matter. It could be oscillating superstrings. When those superstrings move. They could form small whirls. That acts like materia. But the galaxy without dark matter supports a model. That dark energy source is in dark matter. And dark matter could have a particle form. 

The galaxy without dark matter seems very rare. The only known force that interacts with dark matter. It's gravity. The galaxy without dark matter suggests that there must be another force. That should transport dark matter away from the galaxy. The galaxy without dark matter. Tells. That. Dark matter should form similar structures to visible matter. Or at least dark matter should form some kind of nebulae in the universe. The idea that dark matter is not homogeneously spread. 

The universe is interesting. The point. There is no dark matter. That is interesting. If the only thing that affects dark matter is gravitation. The gravitational center. It should pack dark matter around it. But a galaxy that has no dark matter. Causes thoughts. That may be dark energy has its source in dark matter. Dark matter. It could have a similar evaporation process to visible matter. If dark matter has a particle form. It should have a similar evaporation process. 

As visible particles. This means that dark matter. It should send a wave movement. And another particle that this wave motion can affect is another dark matter particle. When we think about particle interactions. There are a couple of things that make interaction visible. The interaction must affect a large enough area. It can push the receiving particle. The interaction must stand. As long as it can affect another particle's behavior. 

But then what makes a particle visible? That is the size of the particle. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that a particle sends is the same as its diameter. This means. Particles must transmit radiation or wave motion. In wavelengths that we can see. If the size of those hypothetical dark matter particles. It is far different than well- or less well-known particles. That means. We cannot see that particle. The visible particle. It must send. Some radiation is between gamma rays and radio waves. Or it must send gravitational waves. That position in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is unknown. 

The problem with dark matter is this. Nobody has seen that matter yet. Dark matter is predicted to form in the same Big Bang as visible matter.  But it’s only a theorem. It’s possible that dark matter is formed in a different stage of the Big Bang than visible matter. This causes an interesting idea. 

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Key Takeaways

Less than a decade ago, the first allegedly dark matter-free galaxy, a dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group (NGC 1052-DF2) was identified: a seemingly faint, massive, ultra-diffuse galaxy.

An enormous controversy then erupted, as different methods of measuring its distance led to vastly different estimates of its velocity dispersion, which led to vastly different implications for its internal amount of dark matter.

We’re now up to four seemingly dark matter-free galaxies, but three of them are all in the same location: the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group. Are these truly dark matter-free galaxies? Or did we simply get their distances grossly wrong?

(BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

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What if dark matter or most of dark matter formed just before visible matter? That thing could explain dark energy. That means. Outside the universe and galaxies could be structures. That's like the Oort Cloud. The brightness of galaxies. That can cover those structures below it. 

This means that. The dark matter surrounds the universe like the Oort cloud surrounds the solar system. Those clouds could cause gravitational interaction. That pulls the entire universe outward. If there is no resistance outside that hypothetical dark matter disk. 

The model is that. The disk surrounds the universe. And orbits it. That means it could pull energy from the universe faster than it should. The reason for that is this. The universe. It's the only higher-energy object in this disk. The space outside that “Universe’s Oort Cloud”. It is at a lower energy level. That causes a reaction. There, that disk delivers that energy into outer space. 

The inner layer of that hypothetical disk. It is at a higher energy level. And its outer layer is in a lower energy level than the universe. This causes a situation. There, the energy travels straight through that material disk. Because energy travels in one direction. That energy pushes the material disk away. And that pulls the universe and its edge behind it. In some models. There is a plasma shockwave that surrounds the universe.

“The distance from the Oort cloud to the interior of the Solar System, and two of the nearest stars, is measured in astronomical units. The scale is logarithmic: each indicated distance is ten times as far out as the previous distance. The red arrow indicates the projected location, in 2025–2027, of the space probe Voyager 1, which may reach the Oort cloud about 300 years later. “ (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)

Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)Those images introduce how large it is. That Oort cloud is. And it’s possible. That is the galaxies and the universe. That structure. It could be far larger than galaxies and their halos. Or it could be larger than even the universe. 

Maybe the energy minimum. In that plasma ring or plasma bubble. It is. A little bit higher than inside and outside it. Outside that plasma wave. That energy minimum is lower than inside the plasma ball. This thing causes energy to flow out from the universe. And could there be a similar effect around the galaxies? The energy vampire. Very low energy objects. That surrounds galactic halos. These kinds of objects. That orbits the galaxy. They can also pull energy out from that halo. And then transfer it out of that structure. 

This plasma bubble is similar to the heliopause. But its size. It is far larger. Similar plasma bubbles. They surround each galaxy. That causes an idea. That maybe. Dark matter could be positioned. In the bubbles that surround galaxies. If the matter is, or just outside those bubbles. And its energy level is lower than the energy level of the galaxy. That matter will pull energy into it. And if that energy continues its journey. That will not be seen in the plasma bubble. 

Those bubbles cause reflection. That reflects radiation back to the galaxy and the universe. This reflection causes. That we cannot see dim objects and dim matter that is between galaxies. So, in this model, the difference between energy minima is. In and outside the universe. That is the thing. That causes the universe's expansion. 

Could that thing explain? Why can't we see Planet 9? 

And by the way. The reason. For. Why can't we see Planet 9? It can be just outside the heliosphere. If Planet 9 exists, and it’s at a lower energy level than the shockwave that forms at the point. The particle flow from the sun. Impacts particles that come from other stars. If that planet’s energy level or temperature is lower than this plasma's. That plasma’s shine. Covers that planet’s existence. 

If energy travels to that planet. But its reflection cannot enter the solar system. Because. It's too weak. It cannot travel through that plasma bubble. Because the plasma bubble’s energy level is higher than that of reflection. That thing means that. The reflection from that hypothetical planet simply cannot reach the telescope on the ground. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-free-galaxies/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Gamma-rays from the center of the Milky Way can open the mystery of dark matter.

Can dark matter be the quantum-size version of the gravastars? 

Dark matter is a mystery. It is suggested that dark matter particles are so-called quantum-size black holes. Einstein’s  models suggest that any objects in the universe. They can turn into black holes. This thing happens. When outside radiation presses electrons into an atom’s core. Then the radiation must “only” melt the particles in the atom’s core. Into one entirety. This entirety is called singularity. There is a suggestion that all particles involve a quantum-sized black hole. And the thing. What we see as a particle is the halo of the quantum-size black hole. 

Then to the hypothetical. gravastars. If we think that the quantum-sized black holes exist. We can think. That. The quantum-sized versions of gravistars or gravitational vacuum stars. Also existed. The gravastar. It could solve many problems in fundamental physics. The gravastar explains dark energy. That. If the shell of a gravastar, or a quantum-sized gravastar, breaks. That lets the gravitational field travel into that gravitational vacuum. That causes the effect. That is similar to a vacuum bomb. That vacuum. It can collect and focus energy. Into the middle of it. 

But some other new models suggest that some black holes are actually gravastars. So-called hollow singularities. There, the entire mass of the object is in that object’s core. The hypothetical gravitational vacuum stars are also dense objects. But their matter is like a ball around the area. Its gravity affects symmetrically from its edge. And that forms the gravitational vacuum in the middle of that object.  

So there is a possibility. The microlensing forms a situation. Their energy focuses straight into the center of the atom’s core. That thing can cause the photonic nuclear reaction. That can cause the neutron decay. Or it could transform a proton in the atom’s nucleus into an anti-proton. That can cause. A nuclear reaction that throws the mass of an entire atom into a ball-shaped structure. And that thing means that the dark matter. It could be like a quantum-sized version of the gravastar. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, Gravastar)

And then to the gamma-rays from the Sagittarius A*.

Strange gamma-ray bursts from near the Milky Way’s center. They are things that are suggested to be from dark matter. But then we can imagine situation that the high-power radiation from the Sgr A*(Sagittarius A*), the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way can form that gamma-ray. The idea is that the extremely high-energy radiation comes from the black hole’s accretion disk, pushing electrons away from the atomic nucleus. When that radiation hits electrons. And free protons that form when hydrogen atoms release their electrons. 

Proton has two up and one down quark.  It is a possibility. The energy impulse can turn an up quark into a down quark. And if that happens in the proton, that baryon turns into a neutron. The neutron involves two down quarks and one up quark. The down quark is a higher-energy particle than the up quark. And neutron decay. It means that the down quark turns back into an up quark.  Also, a high-energy photon. It can cause a photo-nuclear reaction in an atom’s core. The photo-nuclear reaction forms in a situation. That atom transforms into a very high-excitation state. That state can cause a situation. The neutrons start to decay in the atom’s core. 

Those high-power radiation quanta can transform those protons. 

Another up quark. Into down quarks that transform those protons into neutrons. Because the energy level in the material disk around the Sgr A* changes. Those changes can cause decay in just-born neutrons. So that down quark transforms back to an up quark. And that reaction. It releases a W-boson and electrons. The decay produces one proton, two electrons, and one electron antineutrino. So, it's possible that the electron antineutrino hits the electron neutrino. And that should release some kind of radiation. But the radiation that comes from that acceleration disk pushes those electrons away. When those high-energy electrons are far enough from the Sgr A* they realease their extra energy as gamma-ray quanta. 

There are three possible sources. For those gamma-rays. 

1) Still hypothetical dark matter particles. 

2) Nautrons that can form in the high-energy radiation. Or the radiation from Sgr A* can destroy atom nucleus and release those neutrons. Then, neutron decay sends electrons. Or, one proton, two electrons. And one electron antineutrino. 

3) Electrons that high-energy radiation releases from their orbitals. When those electrons travel away from Sgr A*. And the energy transfer to those electrons ends. That thing makes them send gamma-rays. 

Some effects near supermassive black holes are not actually very exotic. Those things can happen more often than anywhere else. This means that the mysterious gamma rays can open the path. To find out the mystery of dark matter. The mystery is. Are dark matter particles? If they exist, a source for those gamma-ray bursts. There is a question. Does dark matter even have a particle form? And if those hypothetical particles are the source of those gamma-rays. 

That radiation. It can form when those particles impact. Or it can be the transformation radiation. That means the black hole radiation. It can transform particles into dark matter. The idea is that. The spin of the particle turns into 1 or higher. That thing means that the particle can turn invisible. As long as it binds energy inside it. So it's possible. That. The high-energy radiation. It can turn a particle invisible. And maybe that transformation. It can be seen as gamma-ray flashes. 

The thing. That dark matter causes a gravitational effect. It means that the dark matter should surround any black hole in the universe. Or actually, every gravity center will pack dark matter around it. But the problem is this. Nobody has seen dark matter yet. So, the dark matter halo. The matter. The matter that surrounds supermassive black holes should be large and dense enough. The astronomers could observe that strange matter. The dark matter could lens light. But that thing is very hard to separate from the gravitational lensing. 

The problem with that thing. It is the high-energy material disk around the black hole. The high-energy, extremely bright material disk. Covers the dark matter below it. In the same way, a traffic light can cover dust and snow below its brightness.  And maybe those very dense objects. They can deliver information about the strange gravitational effect. Known as dark matter. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/a-mysterious-gamma-ray-stream-comes-from-the-milky-ways-center-could-dark-matter-have-something-to-do-with-it

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/supermassive-black-holes-may-be-surrounded-by-dark-matter-clusters-new-echo-map-technique-suggests

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_neutron_decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_emission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Researchers might have found a dark matter fingerprint from a black hole collision.

"Gravitational waves from colliding black holes may hold subtle clues about one of the universe’s greatest mysteries: dark matter. A new study proposes a way to search for these hidden signatures by analyzing how black holes behave when surrounded by dense clouds of exotic matter. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, Scientists May Have Found Dark Matter’s Fingerprint in a Black Hole Collision)

Researchers might find. The mark of dark matter from the black hole collision. The black hole collisions are the most violent events in the universe. They find incredibly strong shockwaves. Those shockwaves form when the black hole's halos impact. The gravitational fields also send very strong gravitational waves. Those shockwaves press the quantum fields into extremely high-energy and dense form. 

Researchers hoped that those shockwaves could press the dark matter into such a dense form that they could measure it or its effect on gravitational fields. The packed dark matter can cause interference in gravitational waves. In some models, a gravitational wave is actually an energy wave that travels between dark matter particles. 

"A new model developed by physicists at MIT and elsewhere predicts how gravitational waves (blue and red waves) can carry imprints of any dark matter (light purple) that two merging black holes happen to spiral through. Credit: Courtesy of Josu Aurrekoetxea, et al" (ScitechDaily, Scientists May Have Found Dark Matter’s Fingerprint in a Black Hole Collision)

In those simulations reseachers try to find out whether it is possible that gravitational waves can cancel each other out. Another thing that can make this effect interesting is. If some other wave. Could fill the energy ditch. That makes gravitation so different. If those energy ditches are filled, the gravitation will turn opposite. The idea is that a gravitational wave is the energy wave that travels between tw ditches. That means in normal cases, those ditches pull more energy out from the particle than the wave can give. So, if those energy ditches are filled. That means that. Without those lower energy lines, gravity cannot pull objects. Into the gravity center. 

But if a gravitational wave is an energy wave that travels between dark matter particles… 

The idea of this model. It is simple. The dark matter forms of quantum dots. Those quantum dots. They can be real particles. Or they can be exciton-style quasiparticles that form around a spinning string-shaped structure. This means that. The dark matter could be the cloud of quantum dots. Each of those quantum dots will act as an individual gravitational center. Those quantum dots can be some kind of whirls in the gravitational field. 

The gravitational wave is, in this case. The energy wave that travels between those quantum dots. Those quantum dots will send energy waves between each other. When a higher energy quantum dot, or dark matter particle, sends an energy wave. It puts other quantum dot resonate. And if that radiation, or wave movement, has a very short wavelength, it pulls energy out from other particles. 

And when energy travels out from a particle, the other energy tries to fill that hole. This could explain why gravitation is so different. In some other models. The gravitation forms when the energy impulse separates from the particle. That leaves a small. Lower energy area between the wave and particle. If we think that a gravitational wave acts like all other waves. There is a smaller energy ditch forward of the energy wave. If that wave turns lower than the energy ditch. That explains why a gravitational wave pulls particles to the gravitational center. The reason why the energy ditch turns deeper. If we compare it with the energy hill. Is the expansion of the universe. 

Because the energy level in the universe turns lower. That means. That energy wave that the particle sends turns weaker. If we think about what makes those gravitational waves as a thing. That. Only pulls particles into the gravity center. The thing that is required is that the wave that travels between energy ditches cannot replace the energy that those ditches “steal” from the particle. 

But all waves form in the movement of the particles. And maybe dark matter is the particles that form gravity waves.

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-may-have-found-dark-matters-fingerprint-in-a-black-hole-collision/

What if dark matter has more than one form?

"In the constellation Ursa Major, the Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101) is surrounded by smaller companions, including the irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 5477. Hubble observations reveal regions of active star formation within NGC 5477, while also capturing distant galaxies shining through it, highlighting the vast emptiness within galactic structures. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Matter Has Two Forms? Bold New Hypothesis Could Explain a Cosmic Mystery)

This means that dark matter could be more than one or two things. This means that dark matter can be some kind of particle. Or it could be the whirl in gravitational fields. In the last cases, the quantum fields that interact with each other can form vortices in each other. The effect could be similar. As in the cases where two rivers connect to each other. When water from a tributary impacts the main river, a whirl forms. And. In the same way, when a quantum field. Impact at a certain angle. There should form similar whirls, and maybe those whirls explain some part of dark matter. 

Also. The fast-spinning particles that form the quantum tornado can form an effect that we see as dark matter. Dark matter. It is a mysterious gravitational effect. And one thing. That. We might think that whirls in the impacting gravitational waves can also explain that mysterious gravitational effect. 

But then. There are theories that quantum-sized black holes can form dark matter. The black hole is more than just the event horizon and material disk. The black hole forms a giant whirl at its spinning axle. Those whirls can put quantum fields into motion. 

"New research suggests that in reduced dimensions, particles can defy the usual boson–fermion divide by exhibiting tunable, intermediate quantum properties. These findings hint at previously unexplored forms of matter and set the stage for experiments probing the deeper structure of the quantum world. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Discover a Strange New Kind of One-Dimensional Particle)

There is a possibility that extremely fast-spinning 2D particles can also be behind dark matter. In that case, the edge of the saucer-shaped, fast-spinning particles drives energy out from the particle. That causes a similar effect. A fast-spinning plate causes water. That forms a whirl that can pull things inside it. And a fast-spinning particle can form a similar whirl in the quantum fields. 

Also. Things like gamma-rays. That travel through particles and atoms can raise their mass. Things like cosmic voids can also form an effect. That seems like gravity. The differences in the strengths of quantum fields can also put energy into motion. This means that some parts of the dark matter can be virtual. The effect. That form. When those quantum fields have differences in their strength. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-discover-a-strange-new-kind-of-one-dimensional-particle/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-matter-has-two-forms-bold-new-hypothesis-could-explain-a-cosmic-mystery/

Could gravity waves form dark matter?

"Faint gravitational waves from the universe’s infancy may hold clues to how dark matter first formed. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, New Study Suggests Gravitational Waves May Have Created Dark Matter) 

If dark matter is whirling in quantum fields. Because. Of. Impacting gravity waves. That means dark matter is a virtual matter. The idea is that. Impacting gravitational. Or gravity fields form similar whirls. In their impact. Point as air flows. 

 The idea is that whirls in quantum fields can act like virtual particles. Those whirls form around the lower energy quantum field. Those whirls put energy or quantum field into motion. They act. In the same way as tornadoes and hurricanes act in the atmosphere. Moving structures bind energy, and that makes those structures lower energy than their environment. Those structures transport energy away from the point where they are. This makes those whirls or their wall seem cold. But. The energy or wave movement can travel into that whirl. So, only the wall of the whirl is the structure that binds energy. And that structure forms more whirls in the impact area. 

Could dark matter simply be whirl in quantum fields? If there is a whirl in the quantum field, that whirl can theoretically form the “Kugelblitz black hole”. Or a black hole that forms because of radiation. There is a possibility that if something emits a very high-energy radiation. Into a single photon. That thing can turn a photon into a black hole. The idea is that when that photon receives energy. Sooner or later, it releases it. When a photon sends energy. It forms a quantum void. Then, outside energy starts to fill that bubble. If that bubble is fully symmetrical, it pumps energy to that photon. 

A photon stores that energy into its spinning movement. And then. If a photon cannot transport energy out from it through the whirl, it turns into a black hole. The mass and energy in the photon rise until it can release that energy. The speed of the spin accelerates until the photon can release that energy. 

The falling quantum field turns that photon into a black hole if it is collected from an area that is large enough that the energy level in the photon rises so high that it turns into a black hole. When that happens. The photon must form so large whirls around it. It cannot remove its energy through that whirl. The spinning speed of the photon accelerates. When that whirl transports energy into it. 

So could the whirl in the quantum field explain dark matter? Theoretically, this kind of quantum spin can turn into a black hole in a similar way as a photon in the theoretical “Kugelblitz” black hole model. 

In this text, I will repeat the word “whirl”. The idea is that the dark matter could be the whirl in the quantum field. When a quantum field moves, it forms a series of whirls in the impact point. This means all particles can be surrounded by whirls. In the same way, when quantum fields impact other quantum fields. Their form whirls in the impact layer. This means that. Also, macro-scale quantum fields form whirls at the point. There those. Traveling quantum fields touch other quantum fields. In some cases, the whirl can be separated from the point where it is born. 

This thing happens. In the rivers, so if we transfer that model to the quantum environment. The whirl around the gravitational center can also be separated and form the traveling whirl that acts like a gravitational center or particle. We can think that the high-power energy strike hits the particle.  That energy spins a particle, and that forms the quantum tornado. This quantum tornado can form a low-energy point. That accumulates quantum fields that try to fill it. 

The gravitational centers are surrounded by whirls. The whirls are matter that travels to the center of gravity. Whirl is never alone. On the borderline of a whirl, that thing forms smaller whirls. So, if we think that gravitational fields are forming quantum whirls, then that thing can form a phenomenon that looks like material. 

Jupiter’s clouds. The idea is that impacting quantum fields, including gravity, can form similar whirls in the impact point. There, the traveling field impacts and speed of those impacting fields, or their direction is opposite. We can see how impact points between clouds form whirls. 

And we can transform that model into the quantum fields, including gravity. When two gravity fields impact, they form similar whirls. And those whirls pack quantum fields into them. So, if that whirl model is real, those whirls in the quantum field can pack matter or energy into them. 

When we consider cases, there are quantum fields that impact and form whirls. The walls of those quantum whirls are pulling energy out from the middle of the whirls. And that causes a situation where quantum fields travel to those quantum whirls. When a gravitational wave travels. All over the universe, it also has an impact point.

When we look at an image of Jupiter’s clouds, we see whirls. In the same way, gravitational waves can form whirls. The whirls in the impact layer of the quantum fields. If that kind of quantum whirls. Surrounding the impact layer of the universe, which explains why we cannot see other universes. Also, we can think. The whirl around the particles is forming a series of whirls in the quantum field. So, that means quantum strings can also be like extremely thin quantum tornadoes. The spinning structure binds quantum fields from their environment. And that can make those structures act. Like they are material. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

Researchers think that maybe dark matter is not only one thing.

“Dark matter continues to challenge our understanding of the universe, especially as new observations reveal behaviors that defy traditional models. A recent study proposes that dark matter may consist of multiple interacting components, offering a unified way to explain both diffuse and highly concentrated structures seen across galaxies. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Mystery Deepens: Astrophysicists Say Dark Matter May Not Be One Thing)

Dark matter means an unknown gravitational effect. This phenomenon is one of the most fascinating aspects of the universe. There is a possibility that dark matter is not a single entity. It might be many things that we see as dark matter. In some models, dark matter doesn’t even exist. That means that dark matter could be ordinary material that behaves differently than reseachers calculated. First thing. What we must realize is that. There are lots of things in the universe that we don’t know. Matter outside galaxies. It has a lower energy level than galaxies. 

This means that the material is very hard to observe. Galaxies cover that matter under their brightness. When particles spin, they release energy from their equator. That forms an energy hole to the particle’s spin axis. And that energy hole pulls energy to the particle. This causes an interesting idea: could the dark matter be a particle? That has spin 1? If that kind of particle exists, it can be invisible. 

The spin of most particles is 1/2. This means that the particle wobbles back and forth. It changes its direction after each 1/2 round. This means that the same particle binds and releases energy. So, could that process be the thing? Behind the dark matter?

So when a particle changes its direction. It sends a photon. The particle must stop before it changes its direction. And at that point, it releases that energy quantum. This means that the particle will form a WARP bubble-shaped quantum low-pressure shape around it. And maybe that bubble can cause a situation. A particle. Like a quark or an electron can turn its spin into one. 

This means that the particle can spin a full round around it. This requires an extreme. Big step between energy levels. When a particle travels over an energy step, which separates. A high-energy area. The extremely low-energy areas can make it possible. For the particle to form a bubble. That allows it to spin a full round around its axle, which could make it invisible. 

“Projected dark matter density distribution and the induced strong lensing critical curves in a two-component self-interacting dark matter model. Credit: Science China Press (ScitechDaily, Mystery Deepens: Astrophysicists Say Dark Matter May Not Be One Thing)

Things like cosmic voids can cause this kind of virtual gravitational effect. When things. Like cosmic voids are forming, outside quantum fields are starting to fill them. This means the cosmic void can cause a virtual gravitational effect. In the same way, when particles are escaping from the galaxies, they will enter the very low-energy area. 

The material evaporation is stronger or faster than in higher energy areas. This means that material sends energy. But the evaporation also binds energy. And maybe energy that travels faster. The particles that evaporate in galaxies can be one thing. That makes the effect that we see as dark matter. When material evaporates or turns into wave movement, it sends photons. 

During that process. These forms. A bubble or quantum low-pressure region around that particle. This means that we see the effect that this void forms stronger than the particle's gravitational field. So. Those small nanovoids could be one source for an effect called dark matter. We must also remember. That also includes. Other particles than protons and electrons that evaporate. Things like quarks and also bosons are evaporating. And that thing binds energy. 

That causes high-speed evaporation. This evaporation form. The bubble is quite similar to the WARP-bubble. When that kind of bubble forms energy, or a quantum field tries to fill it. When the universe expands. That thing. Means that the quantum fields around that bubble turn weaker. But that expansion also pulls. That expansion can form a situation. The bubble’s or void’s size expands all the time. But quantum fields cannot fill it. The antimatter annihilation will cause quantum fields to move. And that means those explosions can also cause an effect. That seems like gravitation. The thing is that. There are many things. That can form the effect. That we see as dark matter. Dark matter means a gravitational effect. That is the second  of two dominant things in the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mystery-deepens-astrophysicists-say-dark-matter-may-not-be-one-thing/

Could material evaporation be? Behind the dark energy?

When we think about the matter and how matter evaporation binds energy, we must realize one thing. The evaporation. Just puts energy into motion. When we think of a situation where ice turns into water, we might think. This process will decrease the temperature. This is not actually true. If that melting process happens. In one place or one point. 

When things like polar icecaps melt, that process requires energy. That energy is coming from the equator. When polar ice melts. That pulls energy into the melting process. This causes an effect. The equatorial tropical area is expanding. This means that the melting ice pulls energy. From around the planet. Into it. 

So we can think. This model can also fit in the universe’s scale.  We can say that the edge of the universe could be the point where material evaporates faster than inside the universe. That thing. Causes an effect that makes energy travel to the edge of the universe. When the universe expands. That thing causes a situation. The quantum fields in the universe turn weaker. During that process. That expansion forms large holes in those quantum fields. 

Cosmic voids and material evaporation at the edge of the universe, and those cosmic voids can form the dark energy. Cosmic voids focus energy. And that can expand the universe. The cosmic voids can also form a virtual gravitational effect that pulls particles and energy fields into it. 

“The farther away we look, the closer in time we're seeing toward the Big Bang. The newest record-holder for quasars comes from a time when the Universe was under 5% of its present age. These ultra-distant cosmological probes also show us a Universe that contains not just radiation and matter (including dark matter), but also dark energy, whose nature is unknown. Many questions still remain unanswered at the scientific frontiers. (Big Think, Starts with a bang, What was it like when dark energy rose to prominence?)

“Simulation of the matter distribution in a cubic section of the universe. The blue fiber structures represent the matter (primarily dark matter), and the empty regions in between represent the cosmic voids.” (Wikipedia, Void (astronomy))

Conditions in cosmic voids are similar. As at the edge of the universe. Material evaporates. Or turns into energy faster in the cosmic voids than outside them. When particles evaporate, they send wave movement into the center of those cosmic voids. This thing means that energy reflects from the center of those cosmic bubbles. And along with particles that evaporate. At the edge of the universe, that thing forms the dark energy. Or free energy that destroys the universe. 

Material evaporation. It means a process. There, the material turns into energy. Dark energy refers to an unknown source of energy. And in the dark energy case. We should ask, what puts energy into moving? The answer to that problem can be found in the material evaporation. When material evaporates. It acts the same. Way as ice. This process binds energy. And then energy from the environment tries to fill that point. So when. We are searching for the source of dark energy; we should look at the edge of the universe. And. At the same time. We should look at the edge. Of the cosmic voids. 

When material evaporates very fast at the outer edge of cosmic voids. That releases free energy in the system. Most of that energy falls. Into the cosmic voids and then jumps back. From their center. When matter evaporates, it releases energy. That forms it. When we think about cosmic voids, we could think that maybe those cosmic voids could explain dark matter. If most of the energy that evaporating particles release falls into the cosmic voids, they pull matter and wave movement with them in the same way as a gravitational field pulls those things. So, that means. The cosmic voids can form a virtual gravitational effect. That acts like matter acts in gravity centers. This means cosmic voids can also act as a virtual gravitational center. If the cosmic void is deep or empty enough, it can start to behave like a black hole. 

When particles evaporate at the edge of the universe. That effect pulls energy out of the universe to fill the point. There. The matter or particles evaporate. This effect, when it happens at the edge of the universe, pulls quantum fields to the edge of the universe. That makes those fields weaker. This causes an effect. That increases the speed. To turn into a wave movement. This effect pushes the edge of the universe away. And that increases the speed of particle transformation. Into energy. or wave movement. This means that the cosmic voids and the edge of the universe. They can put energy into moving in the mysterious phenomenon called dark energy. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-energy-prominence/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boötes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_(astronomy)

Dark energy and photons.

“Astronomers have discovered an unusual gravitationally lensed supernova whose light has traveled for more than 10 billion years to reach Earth. Credit: Shutterstock” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Spot Bizarre Supernova That Could Unlock the Secret of Dark Energy)

The new supernova observation can tell us about things. Like dark energy. In dark energy, the main question is, what puts energy into motion? This is the thing. That gravitational lensed supernova. It could give a hint. Dark energy is a strange effect. That could form when the universe expands. The expansion of the universe stretches the quantum fields inside it. That can form areas there. The weaker quantum fields. They can make particles to evaporate. 

Or turn into wave movement faster than outside those voids. The fact is that. New structures are found in the universe. Maybe. Those structures make particles evaporate at different speeds. In some theories, things. Like wormholes can transport energy. Through the universe. When energy or information travels in those almost proven wormholes, the maser effect increases its power. 

“Scientists have made light do something long thought impossible—mimicking the quantum Hall effect, a Nobel Prize–winning phenomenon usually seen only in electrons. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Physicists have recreated the Nobel Prize–winning quantum Hall effect using light, revealing that photons can follow the same strange quantum rules once thought exclusive to electrons.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Made Light Do Something Once Thought Impossible)

The photons act like electrons. 

The Hall effect in the upper image. It is introduced. How the Hall effect turns into resistance. In the photonic version, those strings would be quantum fields, and the magnet is the photon. The observation that photons act like electrons. It could help to create. A new way to control photons. 

“The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference across an electrical conductor that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. Such a potential difference is known as the Hall voltage.” (Wikipedia, Hall Effect) 

The maser effect pumps energy into that energy string. That can collect lots of energy into one point. There is also a possibility that gravitational lenses. They can collect extremely strong  energy loads into a single point. This means that those energy focuses can cause a situation that could accelerate energy. Another thing that causes an interesting idea is that. The electrons that could travel at the front of other particles. They can act like a magnetic monopolar layer. 

The new observations about photons can also be used to explain dark energy. The new observations tell reseachers that photons behave like electrons. If there is a similar Hall effect between photons or in light that is in the electric fields. That can explain some parts of dark energy. We can imagine a situation. Where there are standing waves between elementary particles. 

So if there were no standing waves between particles, the light could travel straight through particles. This means that Baryons, protons, and neutrons are quantum fields that form. Because of the reflection from those standing waves between quarks. If that quantum field does not form. And close those three quarks inside it, protons turn invisible. But is it possible that there are “protons and neutrons” that do not have that quantum field? There is a possibility that the “photonic hall effect” will pump or focus more than predicted energy into photons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-spot-bizarre-supernova-that-could-unlock-the-secret-of-dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-made-light-do-something-once-thought-impossible/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

The mystery of “little red dots” is solved.

“Bright red dots scattered through James Webb Space Telescope images have confused astronomers since the observatory first began exploring the early universe. Scientists now say these mysterious objects are young black holes wrapped in thick clouds of gas, glowing as they rapidly feed and grow. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, James Webb Solves the Mystery of the Universe’s “Little Red Dots”)

Little red dots in the distant universe are young black holes. Those black holes are in the middle of the gas. And that makes their environment glow red light. Black holes stretch light as well as they stretch material and time. That effect causes the so-called gravitational, or virtual Doppler effect, also known as gravitational redshift. That thing turns the black hole’s halo red. 

This means that light. That comes from the black holes. Or. near them, and is transferred to the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum. And the distance to black holes is always closer than it really is. This is one thing that we always remember when we measure distances to black holes. 

“Dark matter may have formed blazing hot in the moments after the Big Bang, rather than cold as scientists long believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, The Big Bang’s Biggest Mystery? Dark Matter May Have Been “Red Hot” at Birth)

So, those little red dots are black holes that put a gas glow around them. Those objects can also tell. About things. Like dark matter. There is a suggestion that dark matter behaves just like visible matter near black holes. That means that the dark matter particles can form a similar structure to the same points. Near black holes. With visible matter. We should see those particles. If. They collide with each other. The black hole makes those particles glow. 

But the problem is that the visible matter's glow is so bright that it covers the energy that hypothetical dark matter particles send below their shine. There are stars near the Sgr* A that shine much bighter than they should. The reason for that could be the dark matter flow that travels through those stars. 

The star collects dark matter around it same way as Sgr* A and other black holes. Near that supermassive object, dark matter particles collide. That means they send energy impulses to the star. In. Other models. Dark matter particles tunnel through the star. And in that process, they transfer energy into an atom’s quantum fields. That means the dark matter particles blow energy to those stars. And makes them hotter than they should. 

https://scitechdaily.com/james-webb-solves-the-mystery-of-the-universes-little-red-dots/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-big-bangs-biggest-mystery-dark-matter-may-have-been-red-hot-at-birth/

Reseachers make new models for dark matter formation.

"A new computational breakthrough is giving scientists a clearer view into how dark matter structures evolve.(ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

"Dark matter has remained one of the biggest mysteries in cosmology for almost a hundred years, shaping the universe while remaining invisible and poorly understood. A new study from researchers at the Perimeter Institute now introduces a computational tool designed to track the evolution of a particular dark matter candidate known as self-interacting dark matter halos. These enormous structures are thought to host galaxies such as the Milky Way." (ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

"The study, published in Physical Review Letters, expands scientists’ ability to explore how different types of dark matter particle interactions influence the growth and behavior of cosmic structures over time." (ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

There is one thing that a self-interacting dark matter halo can interact. That thing is another self-interacting dark matter halo.  The self-interaction means. The collisions and energy release in WIMPs, the hypothetical. Dark-matter particles. 

"Self-interacting dark matter is defined by the ability of its particles to collide with one another, while remaining effectively invisible to ordinary baryonic matter, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. This behavior has important consequences for dark matter halos, which many theorists believe are central to the processes that shape galaxies and trigger star formation." (ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

“Dark matter forms relatively diffuse clumps which are still much denser than the average density of the universe,” says James Gurian, a postdoctoral fellow at Perimeter Institute. “The Milky Way and other galaxies live in these dark matter halos.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

The idea is this: if the dark matter is the thing. That sends dark energy. Dark energy can affect the dark matter halo around the galaxy. That means the dark energy can move the dark matter halo, and the galaxy in the middle of the halo moves with it. So what if the halothermic collapse in the dark matter forms dark energy and then expands the universe? When halothermic collapse happens, the universe’s center or dark matter centers turn denser, and they turn hotter. When dark matter particles, weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), are involved. 

Or. Axions send radiation. They send it with the wavelength. That is the same as the particle’s diameter. This means that the halothermic collapse. In the dark matter. Sends radiation that we call dark energy. Dark energy that pushes visible matter away from those dark matter centers. 

“The evolution of self-interacting dark matter halos is governed by a phenomenon known as gravothermal collapse. This process arises from a counterintuitive property of gravity, where systems bound by gravity become hotter rather than cooler as they lose energy.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

“Because self-interacting dark matter can carry energy through particle collisions, that energy gradually flows outward within a halo. As a result, the central region becomes increasingly hot and dense, driving further changes in the structure of the halo over time.”(ScitechDaily, Physicists Crack a New Code To Explore Dark Matter’s Hidden Life)

When we say that the halothermic collapse forms dark energy, we mean that the halothermic collapse increases free energy in the system. That collapse forms a denser or more powerful form when particles of the collapsing halo start. Getting. Closer to each other. And impact on each other. That releases free energy into the system. 

The focus of this research is on the so-called halothermic collapse. And gravity's counterintuitive property. That means when the system that gravity bounds turns hotter. While. It releases energy. This effect forms when the energy in the system decreases. And the particles fall closer to each other. Those particles that are closer to each other release energy. When the form of the halo structure is a ball, the most outer particles fly out from the structure faster than particles that are in the center of the structure. This causes an effect where the center of the structure is surrounded. By. A ring-shaped structure. That ring pumps energy into the ball-shaped halo.

During that process, those particles that flee out from the structure release energy faster than particles in the structure. And that means those particles are closer to each other, which makes energy denser. Those particles start to collide. And send more energy. And particles that flee from structure also deliver part of their energy to that system. At the same time, those particles lose their mass. At the same time, impacts with other particles release more energy. The big question is: how dense does that structure become? 

Could it turn into a black hole? If we follow this model, we find a model. The dark matter starts to pack in the middle of the universe. This means. That dark matter turns hotter. It sends a wave movement that we can call dark energy. So if the dark energy source is dark matter and its halothermic collapse, we can make one decision that can explain the interesting form of dark energy. The idea is that dark energy can interact with dark matter halos around galaxies. Those halos can be far larger than galaxies. And if dark energy moves that halo, it affects the gravity symmetry in the halo, and the galaxy in the middle of it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-crack-a-new-code-to-explore-dark-matters-hidden-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark energy and star formation.

"This Is the Entire Universe Squeezed into One Image" (Space.com)

Accelerating expansion of the universe doesn’t necessarily mean that dark energy exists. The expansion causes the effect that the gravity turns weaker relative to the other four fundamental forces. But if the energy level in the universe is stable relative to the gravity. That means that. The energy source can be in matter or particles. That evaporates or turns into wave movement.  Another thing that could explain the static energy field is an outside energy source. And that causes the thought about the existence of other universes. 

Another dark energy source. It can be. In the galaxy filament. When those megastructures accelerate and slow. Those structures bind and release extra energy. Spinning protons and electrons in atomic hydrogen can accelerate and slow. Those particles are in a Bose-Einstein condensate state. That means those particles can be closed. In. The united quantum field. When some GRBs hit those fields, they send energy through the galaxy filament. Those waves can also explain dark energy. 

Could the Doppler effect, or redshift, explain dark energy? When objects are separating, redshift stretches the wavelength. That means it's possible that the red light. Turns into infrared radiation. Also. Infrared can turn into radio waves. And gamma-rays can turn into X-rays. Blueshift means that. When objects are closing. The wavelength turns shorter. But also things. Like gravitational fields, other radiation fields affect the wavelength. This means that. Part of the cosmic microwave background could have an origin as the infrared radiation. That redshift stretches. 

In some other model. The Bose-Einstein condensate. The state can cause an effect. That makes protons and neutrons turn so large that quarks inside them can drive quantum fields between them. That effect can cause quantum-size electric arcs between those quarks. And that thing can turn the particle invisible. And waves. Those impacts form. It could be a source of dark energy. But. The Doppler effect between separating particles may turn visible light into infrared radiation. 

The blueshift can also transform infrared into shorter-wavelength radiation. The IR radiation has the most effective radiation effect. If. Radiation transforms into radio waves. Or visible light, which means the radiation's effect on matter turns lower. 

We can say that dark energy. Is. Free energy that whirls around material. That free energy rips the universe into pieces. The reason why the acceleration of the universe accelerates. Is that. The gravitational effect between objects. Turns weaker. Because their distance grows. But. Things like quantum fields are also turning weaker. This means that quantum fields cannot transport energy. So strongly that quantum fields transported energy in the young universe. Without those fields, there is no movement. Even gravity waves cannot move in weak quantum fields. 

In some models. There is a shockwave. That formed during the Big Bang around the universe. The thing. That supports this shockwave is that, without that shockwave. The universe should collapse immediately. The shockwave will not travel at the speed of light. Because. The universe’s gravity pulls it back. This shockwave requires that something resists the escaping energy and matter. 

Then we can look at the time cone. And ask one interesting question: can we say that the universe could be like an electric arc? This means that the information focus can be in the metasurface of the present. Then two energy flows. Or. Maybe two arrows of time, impacted. That thing caused a shockwave that could form a vacuum. Forward. Of expanding material. That means there may be a so-called cosmic vacuum around the universe. 

If. Radiation crosses that type of vacuum. Its wavelength turns longer. In the same way. The universe’s own gravity fields. Stretch radiation. So. That means. Redshift. Forms infrared radiation in the universe. When we think about redshift and blueshift, that means that objects move against each other. Blueshift means. The wavelength of radiation turns shorter. When. Objects travel. To. Each other. In the universe, most objects. Like galactic megaclusters are traveling away from each other. This means that there is more red light in the universe than blue light. That means there is more infrared radiation in the universe than there should be. The redshift can pull red visible light into the infrared area. 

"A graphical representation of the expansion of the universe from the Big Bang to the present day, with the inflationary epoch represented as the dramatic expansion seen on the left. This visualization shows only a section of the universe; the empty space outside the diagram should not be taken to represent empty space outside the universe (which does not necessarily exist)." (Wikipedia, Expansion of the universe)

In. The same way. Redshift pulls gamma-rays into the X-ray area. And a black hole can stretch gamma rays into the IR- or even radio area. That slide is possible in the extreme gravitational field. The gravity field also stretches radiation. This means that things like gravity fields can transform visible light into the infrared or even radio waves. This means that it's possible that. Dark energy is energy that forms when other energy forms. Or radiation wavelength stretches through the electromagnetic spectrum. That means the radiation that travels through the infrared area affects. Like. Infrared radiation in the moment. It is spent. In. The electromagnetic spectrum’s infrared area. 

Redshift affects across the electromagnetic spectrum. Things like gravity fields stretch light. This means that redshift can also turn part of the infrared radiation into microwaves or radio waves. So. Maybe the secret of dark energy. It is in. The redshift, the Doppler effect. That removes part of the infrared radiation from the universe. This happens because black holes and separating objects stretch radiation. Maybe. The origin of the 3K radiation is in a situation. The Doppler effect. Turns the wave movement longer. The fact is that the Doppler effect or redshift affects all kinds of radiation. 

When we think about dark matter and dark energy, it’s possible that if the level of dark energy in the universe stays stable. And the gravity effect turns lower. This can cause acceleration. Of. The expansion of the universe. So, in that model, dark energy can be virtual. When. Energy in the universe stays stable because of matter. Like. Particles turn into radiation or wave movement. When. The relations of the four fundamental forces change. That. It can look like dark energy. 

"A diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum, showing various properties across the range of frequencies and wavelengths" (Wikipedia, Electromagnetic spectrum)

Does the star formation continue in the cooling universe? 

When we look at the image of the universe, we can see that galaxies are mainly located near the “shell” of the universe. That means that if a shockwave is traveling outward, it creates whirls. Those whirls form black holes and then stars. The existence of the shockwave that formed during the Big Bang explains why we cannot see other universes. Another thing that this ancient shockwave explains is why there are galaxies, and why those galaxies are like they are. So the chain for star formation is this: 

1) First, it forms the black hole. 

2) That black hole forms a quasar. 

3) Then, the quasar pulls gas and later dust around it. 

4) Star formation begins when the energy level turns low enough. And conditions are stable enough.

5) Star formation ends in a galaxy when all hydrogen is used.  

"Artist's illustration showing the life of a massive star: Nuclear fusion converts lighter elements into heavier ones; when fusion no longer generates enough pressure to counteract gravity, the star collapses into a black hole. During this collapse, energy may be released as a momentary burst of gamma-rays aligned to the axis of rotation." (Wikipedia,Gamma-ray burst)

The star forms in a whirl in the galactic nebula. The whirl collects matter from around it and starts to condense into a star. So, as long as galaxies can form, the star formation continues. But someday in the future, the matter in the universe turns so thin that star formation stops. In galaxies, star formation stops when all hydrogen is used. As. A star’s energy source. Or black holes pull all material inside them. Star formation can also end if the entropy destroys the whirl. The star starts to form. 

This thing happens only in old galaxies. When. Galaxy formation ends. That causes the end of the star formation. Some day. In the future. Star formation ends. When matter turns too thin, there is no possibility of forming stars. 

 In a young universe, stars might. Also, be from outside the galaxies. That happens even today, but those stars turn very massive. The reason for that thing. Is that. There is no interference. Like star wind.  Or the radiation of the supermassive black hole. Also. Gravitation can destroy a protostar. If a protostar. It is too close to another star. A black hole. Or white dwarf. Those things. Can destroy it. Before. The fusion starts. 

When the universe’s expansion continues, the gravitational effect between galaxies turns weaker. The quantum field between objects turns weaker. This means energy travels out from particles, and that increases free energy in the universe.  That increases entropy. But. Otherwise, weaker quantum fields around galaxies and a colder universe make that free energy weaker. The interactions between mass centers. Like galaxies are complicated. The weaker energy fields and expanding universe mean that the scattering effect turns weaker. 

Same way. Redshift between objects turns stronger. Redshift means that there is more infrared radiation than should be. Redshift or the Doppler effect means that the spectrum. Turns red. That means red visible light can stretch into infrared. Infrared can turn into microwaves or radio waves. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/stars-form-within-expanding-universe/

https://www.space.com/31517-entire-universe-squeezed-one-image.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_filament

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse