The JWST telescope found three red galaxies. Those galaxies existed in the universe that was only one billion years old. And that can mean that those three galaxies cause the need to adjust the cosmological models. It's possible that Einstein's theories are not suitable for the young universe. The red color means that the galaxies travel straight away from us. And those galaxies might be on the opposite side of us.
The big question is this. How those three galaxies could be so big? In some ideas, there could be some cosmic void around the supermassive black holes. That cosmic void could boost the black hole's pulling effect. The cosmic void around black holes can make material fall near black holes faster than just gravity allows.
The cosmic void has a larger surface area than a black hole, and material should also fall into cosmic voids. And maybe that is the thing that made those galaxies grow faster than expected. In some models, the cosmic voids form the supermassive black holes. The cosmic void makes material fall into it. And in the middle of that thing forms the material center.
Those galaxies have active black holes. And maybe there are stars. The heavy element formation needs only the impact waves or shockwaves that cause fusion. Things like supermassive black hole's relativistic jets can form heavier elements. As well as stars from them in fusion reaction. When elements impact each other and form new heavier elements we can always call that event fusion.
In some models the Milky Way, our galaxy is in the middle of cosmic void. The size of that void would be about 2 billion light years. The thing that this void tells is this. There was some force like a very strong eruption in our supermassive black hole, Sgr A* that blew gas and dust away from around our Galaxy.
That can tell that the Milky Way collides with some other galaxy. The impact between two supermassive black holes could turn the Milky Way and that other galaxy into giant elliptic galaxies. And then that form turned back to a spiral galaxy.
That means light travels faster or without standard disturbance. If that model is true, the energy travels faster away from the Milky Way's edge than in normal galaxies. That means that this thing makes it necessary to adjust the cosmological models. The thing is that the Milky Way is not as typical a galaxy as we wanted to think.
But the problem is that the young universe was different from the universe. Where we live. The density in the young universe was higher. The difference between energy levels were smaller. And that means energy moved slower in that hotter universe. Maybe those three red galaxies were the first galaxies that formed. Those galaxies named S1, S2, and S3 are interesting because they are so big. Those galaxies are larger and heavier than researchers think.
The major question in the element formation is this. Did elements form before stars? That means: were there some other heavier elements that existed before the first stars were born? The model is that things like collimations. of neutron stars form heavy elements. So if we think that black holes existed before stars those black holes could collide and send shockwaves that can turn hydrogen also into heavy elements.
The question about the galaxies and planetary formation is when the first planets start to form. Or rather, when the first solid elements formed. For a long time, people believed that the stars were the only things that could form heavier elements than hydrogen. But then researchers noticed. High-energy reactions can form heavy elements like gold and iron.
The neutron star collimations make the pressure wave that forms fusion and those heavier isotopes. That means it's possible that a black hole's relativistic jets can also push light atoms like hydrogen against each other and form fusion and heavier elements. That means heavy element formation doesn't need stars. They need only an energy punch that creates the fusion.
When we think about supernova explosions there the intensive pressure- or shockwave travels through the universe. That impact front creates the fusion reaction that can send energy into those bubbles. And that energy is the thing that pushes material and weaker quantum fields into the form that we call singularity. A black hole's plasma halo is an interesting thing. But the same way. We can think that the event horizon is the gravitational halo around the black hole.
https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/jwst-red-monster-galaxies-cosmology/
https://www.businessinsider.com/we-live-inside-cosmic-void-breaks-cosmology-laws-2024-5
https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/the-milky-way-may-reside-at-the-center-of-a-2-billion-light-year-wide-cosmic-void/
