The philosophy of galactic civilizations.

Above: Artists' view of Stanford Torus. 

Even if faster-than-speed light travel is possible. It doesn't make the galactic-scale civilizations possible. The interstellar civilizations would be far different than humans who live on Earth. Every single planet in the universe holds its unique biosphere. That means that other planets would be poisonous for a civilization. 

That wants to travel to another planet or solar system. Communication between planets in different solar systems would be difficult. The thing is that the most dangerous biospheres are similar biospheres that existed on a planet where that hypothetical civilization left. 

That makes deadly viruses and microbes possible. So even if we think that civilization wants to travel to another solar system and stay there, they need an artificial world. A giant space station like Stanford Torus might be a better possibility than landing on planets. The deadly microbes can turn humans into liquid in the second. 

The species that land on the unknown planet whose biosphere is similar to their own would get viruses and bacteria. And they have no immune defense against those species. Those microbes are a worse threat than any xenomorph. But if we think that the species would modify their body by using biotechnology in all models those creatures need the species from their target planet. 

Those organisms involve genetic material that makes them suitable and adapted to that environment. That means that the species turns colonists into another species. There are visions that the space industry like asteroid mining forms humans that ever visit on Earth. Those space humans would be physically weak because they spend their entire lives in a zero-gravity environment. 

That life environment modifies their bodies. And maybe. They start to use genetic engineering to make them more suitable for that environment. Futurologists predict that in the future there will be people in space who never see Earth. Or maybe those hypothetical creatures ever visit on planets. Maybe someday those space humans turn into their own species. And maybe in the future, those creatures would be species that travel to another solar system. 

But if we think about galactic-scale civilizations those things would anyway be far different than our civilization. The ultimate distance and enormous scale make those civilizations harder to control than we even imagine. But could there be galactic-scale civilizations? 

When we think about the Kardashev scale. That model means the ability to use energy. The ability to benefit from things like the energy of supermassive black holes doesn't mean that civilization can live on multiple planets. 

If our hypothetical civilization is near some supermassive black hole they can collect energy from that black hole's relativistic jets. Or they can cover a small black hole by using a ball. That makes it possible to use the black hole's energy. But it doesn't mean that civilization can travel between stars. Or maybe those journeys are one-way trips where the cryostatic embryos travel to another solar system. 

https://bigthink.com/13-8/galactic-civilizations-may-be-impossible-heres-why/

Intelligent species require motivation for interstellar travel.

The right genomes and intelligence don't necessarily mean technically advanced civilization. But when we are modeling intelligent lifeforms the key element is that all intelligent species are curious. And curiosity makes it possible to create advanced technology. That is needed to make the interstellar flights. But even the most advanced species require motivation for interstellar spacecraft development. 

But before the species can create any spacecraft, it requires intelligence. On that planet, something must start to favor intelligence. Being intelligent species requires a complicated neural structure. And for making spacecraft. The species must have the ability to handle abstractions. 

We know the genomes that control intelligence. And maybe we can transfer those genomes to another species. That allows those intelligent pets to act more independently. But then we must realize. That there are risks in that kind of research. 

Intelligent species always defend themselves and similar individuals. And that means we should threaten those genetically boosted organisms differently. Maybe those genetically engineered pets get the "old pet's homes" like humans. 

But then, there are many things that we must realize. And the main thing is that the DNA is entirety. Before any intelligent lifeforms can form, that lifeform needs structures that allow the neurons to form. The cells that handle information must also include internal and external structures that connect them to the senses. 

In this text ability to handle data that senses transfer to the brain or structure that handles data is the thing that means intelligence. So intelligent species make many other things than just exist. But are all intelligent species able to create machines? 

The vital thing for forming technically advanced species is that the culture needs to support that kind of trend. Society must see that they need some technical advances. Or they put resources into something else. 

When we think about the civilization's ability to colonize their solar system. We must understand. That all solar systems are not similar to our solar system. If a hypothetical civilization lives in a very small solar system like Gliese 581 system. 

That civilization has more resources. Traveling in that system is much easier than in the solar system. The hypothetical civilization might have a big motivation for developing advanced rocketry. 

If we think that the species starts to operate at the interstellar level. That requires lots of resources. And this makes the interstellar projects "impossible". 

Von Neumann machines can make interstellar spaceflight possible. 

But then we can face the model where billions of robot workers that controlled by artificial intelligence. Civilization can make billions of robots quite easily. They just put robots to make new robots. Using the Von Neumann model where robots manufacture other robots is possible to create lots of robots that can create complicated structures. 

Mathematician John von Neumann introduced a model of machines that can copy themselves. Von Neumann machine means a machine that makes copies of itself. And if all Von Neumann machines are participating in this self-copying process the population of Von Neumann machines will grow following the recursion.

So when two Von Neumann machines copy themselves the next group is four Von Neumann machines. Then the system makes another copy. The result is eight Von Neumann machines. And then the eight machines will make the next generation. The result is 16 Von Neumann machines, then 32. And then, 64, 128, etc. 

Below is the model of how the population of Von Neumann machines grows. 

2+2=4

4+4=8

8+8=16

16+16=32

32+32=64

64+64=128

128+128=256

That means that suddenly there are a lot of Von Neumann machines. The Von Neumann machines can make it possible that species can make interstellar operations. 

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

The ring-shaped space stations

The ring-shaped space stations

The origin of discussions of the "Ringwords" has been started in the 1950s when NASA planned to create the wheel-looking space station, which would create artificial gravity by using the rotation movement, and the thing is that the size of that space station would be approximately 500-600 meters maximum. That space station would be created by using a modular structure, and it would send to space in small bites. Then those bites would dock together to one big entirety. 

This was the first version of this kind of structure. Then Gerald O'Neill created an idea, that inside the ring-shaped space station would be the vegetables and other things, what would make it look like Earth inside the station. Sometimes this kind of space station would be planned to equip with a nuclear reactor, and it would be planned to use as the "cruiser", what will travel through the solar system. In that "cruiser" the crew can live in the conditions, which are similar to what is found from Earth. 

Ringworlds 

The ringworld is one of the most enormous things, that we can ever imagine. The idea is similar to the wheel-shaped space station, but the size of the Ringworld is larger. And the idea is that things would orbit the entire star. We could make that thing, in theory, but we don't have materials for that kind of megastructure. But if we would send a couple of trillion robots to the asteroid belt, and time to wait a couple of hundred years this thing would be true. 

And that creature can use electromagnetic protection field to defend itself from asteroids. In some scenarios, the microwave field would turn every incoming asteroid to molecules. That is necessary, because of this kind of structure would pull other objects to it, and that would cause that the "Ringworld" might have so huge gravity, that we cannot even imagine. 

This is one of the greatest problems with this scenario. The "Ringworld" would be an extremely heavy object, which will pull other objects to it. The sun can sooner or later pull that thing in pieces, because of the solar wind would stress the materials of the "Ringworld". So the electromagnetic system would also need to deny the particles of solar wind to touch the structures of the "Ringworld". 

The problem is how those robots would get enough energy. The materials for this Ringworld would get from the asteroid belt and if we would explode Mars and a couple of other planets and moons, that thing would become true. And then we can transfer entire water from Earth and Europa-moon to that artificial structure. But the rotation speed of this structure must be very high, and the centrifugal force would destroy it quite easily. 

One of the ideas to make ringworld is to use the multiple, plate looking space stations. Those separate structures would act like one big structure, and this would make this structure safer than the one big kinetic structure would be. Traffic between those stations would be done by using connection spacecraft. And the space stations would orbit the central star by using the same trajectory in the chain formation. 

Those space stations and ring words need so enormous investments, that we must ask, what would be the case when we would make that thing? Maybe the end of our sun will be the point when we are making such big things. And the "Ringworlds" would give a solution, what we can benefit from when we must move entire civilization to another star. 

"Omega spacecraft" the mega-sized version of Orion spacecraft, which panned to use nuclear bombs for interplanetary traveling. 

The solution for the moving to another star would be given by one of the wildest visions of the future: hypothetical "Omega Spacecraft" mega-size version of "Orion". The craft that would use nova or supernova eruption for giving punch for moving entire civilization to another star. 

The "Ringworld would be the step, that is needed when the entire civilization must move to another place. The hypothetical "Omega Spacecraft" is an idea for creating the vehicle, what the entire civilization can be used for moving from the solar system to another one. 

The idea is to create a giant omega-looking spacecraft, which is surrounding the central star. Unless the "Ringworld" the spacecraft would have a hole in one direction, and the size of the hole would be so big, that the star would go through it. And when the central star of the solar system explodes as the nova or supernova, the particles of the exploding star would push the craft in a certain direction. 

The hypothetical mega-sized craft would be created above or below the star, and then it will be laid to the direct location just before the star is starting to explode. In this case, the artificial gravity of the craft would be created by using the rotating cylinders inside the core of the craft. 

But as you see thins might be the project, what some civilization would make only when their central star will be exploding. There would need enormous resources for that project, and the entire material of the solar system must be used, and that thing would make this thig pure hypothetical way to move to another solar system.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyDuk-eAFAI&t=89s

Image:

https://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/hostedimages/1501668158i/23482239._SX540_.png

What kind of alien civilization could be the biggest threat to other civilizations?

What kind of alien civilization could be the biggest threat to other civilizations?

In this writing, I will handle the hypothetical threat, what another civilization can make to its neighbors, and what kind of civilization would-be threat. Sometimes people have discussed, what kind of civilization would be the biggest threat to other civilizations? The offered answer is that the civilization, what has just invented the interstellar traveling and face the primitive race.

That situation would addict that civilization to use force against that neighbor.  When we are thinking that civilization is young and it wants to show how powerful it is to another civilizations and races, the threat would be the civilization, what notices some habitable planet in the solar system, what locates near it, and then that race would send the army to take that planet under control.

But maybe civilization would be wiser or more adult when it starts to create the technology, which makes interstellar traveling possible. When we are thinking about threats, what the other civilization could cause for its neighbors, we can think the situation, that the center star of their solar system would start to grow as a red giant, what means that they must leave their home planet. 

Even if this hypothetical civilization would have the technology to make other planets habitable, and they would create a new home planet in their solar system, or maybe they would transfer the home planet with the growing star. But sooner or later the red giant would end its life, and then the civilization would have to leave or find another energy source.

That could make them so-called grasshopper civilization, what lives in the giant spacecraft, and if their population would grow, that civilization needs materials for making new spacecraft. And that thing could make possible that civilization will turn dangerous. If it comes to the solar system it might destroy the entire planet by shooting it some kind of energy ray, and then benefit entire materials of that planet.

This kind of civilization could act that it would not care about other species, and target the energy ray to planets, where is life forms. Many times in some cosmological writings is mentioned the civilization, what has forced to leave their solar system, but they could not have the possibility or technology to start living in the spacecraft. 

And that species should find the new home planet, and in that case, it might want to conquer the habitable planet. even if there is another intelligent species. That kind of hypothesis consists of the attacks, which are meant for causing harm or even destroy another intelligent species, what that hostile civilization think as the competitor. There is a hypothesis that when some intelligent species lands to the planet, where is primitive civilizations, it starts to play some kind of master race.

If one member of that civilization would be killed, that would cause horrible counter actions. Here we must remember, how human beings have behaved against primitive villains, what have treated the colonialists, who had better weapons. History is full of examples, how "white man" or Europeans and Arabs have acted against villains, what have shot them with arrows.

The responses have been given by artillery and machine guns, and every person of those villains have been killed. But the thing is that when there are two nations, what have similar firepower and equipment against each other, that thing has been caused the respect and willing to discuss even the difficult things.

This thing is visible in the relationships between states, what have nuclear weapons in their arsenals. They would tolerate many things from another nuclear power, but if there would be state, what has less strike capacity than nuclear power and what acts against it, the answer would be the strike against that country. So strike capacity is bringing respect for the nations, and this is the reason, why many new nations are wanted nuclear weapons in their arsenals.