Gravitation and strong interaction.

Above is the model of gravitational waves. In the same way. All objects. In the universe. Send those kinds of waves. In. The case of elementary particles. The structure of those particles forms a similar effect. This means that there could be many sources for those waves. Theoretically, spinning bosons like gluons. They can send that very short-wave radiation.  The idea is that a gluon travels around the string that binds quarks together. If. Those gluons spin while they travel between those quarks. That spinning gluon also forms a so-called bremsstrahlung effect. When. That spinning boson sends radiation. Its energy level decreases. And that thing acts like ice in a room. 

When those gluons travel between quarks. They. Form a quantum low-pressure behind them. That effect pulls quarks together. And that effect is the thing. That. We call strong interaction. But could the strong interaction be the same as gravitation?

That means. Those bosons act like W and Z bosons. W and Z bosons are transporters of the weak interaction. When nuclei start to decay. Baryons, protons and neutrons form the W boson. That travels between baryons. And that forms free energy in the atom’s core. Sooner or later, the free energy causes the atom to decay. Forming nuclear fission. In nuclear fission, the reaction releases bonds. That keep the atom in one piece. Nuclear fission releases energy that was stored in those bonds. The W boson has positive electric charge. And it pushes protons away from each other. The Z boson has neutral electric charge. So, we can think of the W boson as releasing energy. And the Z boson binds energy. 

In the same way, annihilation releases a similar bond energy. The reason why annihilation releases more energy than fission is simple. In annihilation, more bonds are released. And in all of those reactions. Fission, fusion, and annihilation. Atoms release bond energy. That is stored in them. When deuterium and tritium fusion (D-T fusion)happens. One neutron is left in the reaction. This causes energy realease. After a short time, the bond between quarks in that released neutron cuts. That releases more energy. When the energy level of that neutron is very high. The quantum field jumps away from it. And rips the neutron into pieces. That is one of the reasons. Why. Fusion is such a powerful reaction. 

The D–T (Deuterium-Tritium) fusion reaction. (Wikipedia)

Gravitational waves could be a form of Bremsstrahlung radiation.  When. A particle changes its direction. It sends radiation called Bremsstrahlung. Synchrotron radiation is the magnetic version of Bremsstrahlung. Gravitational waves act a little bit like gamma rays. That radiation could travel through the particles. And then take their energy with them. That means that radiation acts like a thermal pump. When. A particle loses its energy. It. Turns colder or lower energy. This means that energy or quantum fields start to travel into that particle. And that explains gravitational waves' special form. So if dark matter particles. 

Mythical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). Exists. That radiation can come from those particles. And near black holes, those particles send that Bremsstrahlung radiation. There is a small possibility that WIMPs and gravitons are the same thing. In some models, the graviton is the small particle, or quantum-sized black hole. Existing. In all elementary particles. That particle spins very fast. And what we see as an elementary particle is the halo of that hypothetical WIMP or graviton. Particle. This fast-spinning particle binds energy from around it. 

This is one version of the answer to the question of why gravitational waves are so different than other radiation. When those particles orbit a black hole, they send this radiation. This means that those WIMPs are very small particles. Maybe their spin is extremely strong. And fast-spinning particles can turn invisible. Because. Of that spin. Quantum fields transfer to travel past the particle. The super-fast spin guides those quantum fields past the particle. And there is a possibility. 

That a quantum string is forming. At the particle's spin axis. That string will transport energy out from that particle, which acts like a thermal pump. This means that the gluons are like donuts that travel on those strings. And that forms the model. The strong interaction transporter, the gluon, is quite similar to the photon. 

This effect focuses energy into one point. And it prevents non-targeted radiation from the particle. In this model, that effect makes the particle invisible. The energy streaming that leaves the particle is so thin. It cannot affect an area. 

That is large enough to oscillate atom-sized objects. So. If that is the gravitational model. The counter-gravitation.. O.r antigravitation must be possible. Antigravitation could be the recoil effect of gravitation. But why is that force so weak? The answer could be simpler than we even dare to think. The recoil of the graviton. It happens only in the wavelength of the gravitational interaction.  But gravitation itself is the interaction with all other fundamental interactions. 

This means that. When. Those particles spin. They. Bind energy. And the universe’s is the thing that prevents them from reaching energy stability. Particles’ evaporation is the thing. That makes them bind energy. This evaporation is the effect. That makes them bind other quantum fields. And those quantum fields transport energy and particles into the gravitational center. This is the thing. That makes gravitational coulter-waves so weak. Gravity has a larger scale of forces. 

Than antigravitation. That we can call gravitational recoil. Gravitational recoil. It is possible if the graviton particle exists. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium%E2%80%93tritium_fusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

 

Black holes might not be as bottomless as researchers thought.

“Artist impression of SwiftJ1727 with donor jet clouds. Credit: John A. Paice & Noel Castro Segura et al, (2026)” (ScitechDaily, Black Holes May Not Be the Bottomless Pits We Imagined”

New observations about black holes suggest that their appetites might not be as endless as once thought. The material disk and the black hole’s halo transport a large part of material into the black hole’s poles. Material in that high-energy environment is in plasma form. And magnetic fields can transport plasma. This forms a relativistic jet of the black hole. Even black holes. They do not have magnetic fields. But. Plasma around them acts like a generator. This effect accelerates plasma around that object toward its poles. 

When we think about the black hole’s internal structure. The field that travels into the event horizon. It continues its movement. Following. A spiral trajectory. The structure is very tight. But there is a space, or so-called microvacuums, in that structure. Those microvacuums allow those waves to form, well, waves. Entropy in that structure is very low. But that entropy still exists. And that entropy forms the quakes in that field. 

There is a possibility that between those waves or strings. There is a quantum-level tunnel. And those tunnels. They can allow that extremely small, high-energy particle. It could send almost a straight wave string away from the black hole. The idea is that if the fields have a small space between them. That space can offer a route for a tiny quantum string to escape from that monster. If. Gravitation is a phenomenon there.

Quantum fields transport objects into the gravitational center. If. There is space between those fields. They cannot transport particles that are at that point. There is a possibility. That there are so-called quantum vacuums in the black hole’s gravitational field. Or even in its singularity. Those quantum bubbles. They can cause quakes in those structures. This quake destroys the black hole sooner or later. When a star collapses, there are always small microvacuums or quantum bubbles in the field. Those quantum vacuums or quantum bubbles exist. Even if material is extremely degenerate, those bubbles are smaller than quarks. 

So, could those quantum bubbles be the same, or have a similar effect? As a mythical graviton? If those quantum bubbles exist. They form lower-energy points in the black hole’s structure. And if a graviton is the miniature black hole. It could have a similar relativistic jet. With. Larger black holes. 

That. Quantum-size relativistic jet. It could have. A diameter smaller than the bonds between quarks. That could explain why Hawking radiation is so hard to prove. This jet seems stringy when researchers see it from outside. If. That string travels along a straight line. It’s very hard to see. There is no bremsstrahlung radiation. This string could have a spring-shaped form. That means. It sends bremsstrahlung radiation. So small-scale that it's impossible to see.  

When that spring travels out from the black hole. A recoil forms in space. In that structure. Even if the scale of those phenomena is not very large. 

The energy level and density in that area are very high. Every phenomenon turns very strong. When. It happens in a high-energy environment. 

There is a model. There, the graviton is a particle inside each particle. This means that bonds between elementary particles. They are actually relativistic jets from those quantum-size black holes. 

The black hole doesn’t destroy material. It is like a stomach. It transforms material into another form. All black holes send some radiation. That radiation comes from the material disk and its halo. But there is a possibility that some radiation can escape from inside the black hole. If. Some particle or the so-called quantum vacuum starts to spin. It could form a situation where it turns quantum fields. 

Into a form that looks like a screw. This means that the quantum vacuum forms a structure. That looks like a relativistic jet. That structure could have such a small diameter. That even bonds between quarks seem giant. That thing could explain so-called Hawking’s radiation. That effect can also explain some very interesting details in the form of gravitation. If. That structure exists. It acts like a Doppler cooler. 

When it travels through atoms or particles. It. Transports energy out from it. This makes the particle cooler. And when energy escapes from the particle. It binds energy or quantum fields from around it. And that can explain how quantum gravitation works. 

https://scitechdaily.com/black-holes-may-not-be-the-bottomless-pits-we-imagined/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_cooling

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Can we accept? That there are galaxies without dark matter.

“This Hubble image shows the stars of ultra-diffuse galaxy DF9, along with a series of background objects, mostly galaxies, located at much greater distances. DF9 makes almost a perfect line, at least in two-dimensional space, with previously identified dark matter-free candidate galaxies DF2 and DF4, suggesting, but not proving, a possible association."

"Credit: M.A. Keim et al., Hubble Space Telescope/ESA/NASA, Astrophysical Journal, 2026” (BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

The reason. Why ultra diffuse galaxies? Spin differently than they should. It can be in their formation. The galaxies have only a couple of stars. Normally, those galaxies involve more dark matter than usual. And some of the ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDG). Formed almost entirely of dark matter. Dark matter keeps those galaxies in their form.  But there are UDGs without dark matter. 

This means that there must be a weaker electromagnetic interaction between stars than usual. Or the spin of the galaxy is slow. The question is. What is the dark matter's role as a wave transporter? We know that wave. It cannot move in an absolute vacuum. So, is dark matter some kind of “ether”? Things that can transport wave movement. But itself be unseen? Or is there interaction between dark matter particles? And could that energy be the mythic dark energy? That means. Dark energy could have its source in dark matter. 

There are four possible galaxies. There seems to be no dark matter. Those galaxies. If they have no dark matter. That doesn’t prove dark matter non-existent. They prove that dark matter is matter like all other matter. It could be oscillating superstrings. When those superstrings move. They could form small whirls. That acts like materia. But the galaxy without dark matter supports a model. That dark energy source is in dark matter. And dark matter could have a particle form. 

The galaxy without dark matter seems very rare. The only known force that interacts with dark matter. It's gravity. The galaxy without dark matter suggests that there must be another force. That should transport dark matter away from the galaxy. The galaxy without dark matter. Tells. That. Dark matter should form similar structures to visible matter. Or at least dark matter should form some kind of nebulae in the universe. The idea that dark matter is not homogeneously spread. 

The universe is interesting. The point. There is no dark matter. That is interesting. If the only thing that affects dark matter is gravitation. The gravitational center. It should pack dark matter around it. But a galaxy that has no dark matter. Causes thoughts. That may be dark energy has its source in dark matter. Dark matter. It could have a similar evaporation process to visible matter. If dark matter has a particle form. It should have a similar evaporation process. 

As visible particles. This means that dark matter. It should send a wave movement. And another particle that this wave motion can affect is another dark matter particle. When we think about particle interactions. There are a couple of things that make interaction visible. The interaction must affect a large enough area. It can push the receiving particle. The interaction must stand. As long as it can affect another particle's behavior. 

But then what makes a particle visible? That is the size of the particle. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that a particle sends is the same as its diameter. This means. Particles must transmit radiation or wave motion. In wavelengths that we can see. If the size of those hypothetical dark matter particles. It is far different than well- or less well-known particles. That means. We cannot see that particle. The visible particle. It must send. Some radiation is between gamma rays and radio waves. Or it must send gravitational waves. That position in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is unknown. 

The problem with dark matter is this. Nobody has seen that matter yet. Dark matter is predicted to form in the same Big Bang as visible matter.  But it’s only a theorem. It’s possible that dark matter is formed in a different stage of the Big Bang than visible matter. This causes an interesting idea. 

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Key Takeaways

Less than a decade ago, the first allegedly dark matter-free galaxy, a dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group (NGC 1052-DF2) was identified: a seemingly faint, massive, ultra-diffuse galaxy.

An enormous controversy then erupted, as different methods of measuring its distance led to vastly different estimates of its velocity dispersion, which led to vastly different implications for its internal amount of dark matter.

We’re now up to four seemingly dark matter-free galaxies, but three of them are all in the same location: the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group. Are these truly dark matter-free galaxies? Or did we simply get their distances grossly wrong?

(BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

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What if dark matter or most of dark matter formed just before visible matter? That thing could explain dark energy. That means. Outside the universe and galaxies could be structures. That's like the Oort Cloud. The brightness of galaxies. That can cover those structures below it. 

This means that. The dark matter surrounds the universe like the Oort cloud surrounds the solar system. Those clouds could cause gravitational interaction. That pulls the entire universe outward. If there is no resistance outside that hypothetical dark matter disk. 

The model is that. The disk surrounds the universe. And orbits it. That means it could pull energy from the universe faster than it should. The reason for that is this. The universe. It's the only higher-energy object in this disk. The space outside that “Universe’s Oort Cloud”. It is at a lower energy level. That causes a reaction. There, that disk delivers that energy into outer space. 

The inner layer of that hypothetical disk. It is at a higher energy level. And its outer layer is in a lower energy level than the universe. This causes a situation. There, the energy travels straight through that material disk. Because energy travels in one direction. That energy pushes the material disk away. And that pulls the universe and its edge behind it. In some models. There is a plasma shockwave that surrounds the universe.

“The distance from the Oort cloud to the interior of the Solar System, and two of the nearest stars, is measured in astronomical units. The scale is logarithmic: each indicated distance is ten times as far out as the previous distance. The red arrow indicates the projected location, in 2025–2027, of the space probe Voyager 1, which may reach the Oort cloud about 300 years later. “ (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)

Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)Those images introduce how large it is. That Oort cloud is. And it’s possible. That is the galaxies and the universe. That structure. It could be far larger than galaxies and their halos. Or it could be larger than even the universe. 

Maybe the energy minimum. In that plasma ring or plasma bubble. It is. A little bit higher than inside and outside it. Outside that plasma wave. That energy minimum is lower than inside the plasma ball. This thing causes energy to flow out from the universe. And could there be a similar effect around the galaxies? The energy vampire. Very low energy objects. That surrounds galactic halos. These kinds of objects. That orbits the galaxy. They can also pull energy out from that halo. And then transfer it out of that structure. 

This plasma bubble is similar to the heliopause. But its size. It is far larger. Similar plasma bubbles. They surround each galaxy. That causes an idea. That maybe. Dark matter could be positioned. In the bubbles that surround galaxies. If the matter is, or just outside those bubbles. And its energy level is lower than the energy level of the galaxy. That matter will pull energy into it. And if that energy continues its journey. That will not be seen in the plasma bubble. 

Those bubbles cause reflection. That reflects radiation back to the galaxy and the universe. This reflection causes. That we cannot see dim objects and dim matter that is between galaxies. So, in this model, the difference between energy minima is. In and outside the universe. That is the thing. That causes the universe's expansion. 

Could that thing explain? Why can't we see Planet 9? 

And by the way. The reason. For. Why can't we see Planet 9? It can be just outside the heliosphere. If Planet 9 exists, and it’s at a lower energy level than the shockwave that forms at the point. The particle flow from the sun. Impacts particles that come from other stars. If that planet’s energy level or temperature is lower than this plasma's. That plasma’s shine. Covers that planet’s existence. 

If energy travels to that planet. But its reflection cannot enter the solar system. Because. It's too weak. It cannot travel through that plasma bubble. Because the plasma bubble’s energy level is higher than that of reflection. That thing means that. The reflection from that hypothetical planet simply cannot reach the telescope on the ground. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-free-galaxies/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Photons, gluons, and strong interaction.

Sometimes, gravitation is described as a river. The energy field that travels to the particle can be the Higgs field. The base energy field in the universe. When a particle spins and binds energy to it. Outside energy tries to fill that space, and it transports particles with it, like water transports trees. 

If we describe macro gravity as the effect that pulls objects. Like planets together. And quantum gravity is the thing that pulls things like quarks together, along with the strong nuclear interaction. In this model, strong nuclear interaction forms between spinning quarks. When quarks spin, they form a quantum tornado from their spin pole. If those spin poles and those quantum tornadoes turn to another quark, this thing can form the quantum bond between quarks. There are a couple of things that this thing requires. 

When quarks spin, the receiving particle must be at a lower energy level so that energy can travel from the dominating particle to the receiving particle. This is why protons have two up and one down quark. Neutron has two down and one up quark. Three homogenous quarks cannot form protons and neutrons. If the energy level between those particles is the same. 

That causes a shortcut between them. In strong nuclear interaction, the gluon starts to travel in the quantum tornado, or quantum channel. In this model, a gluon travels from a higher-energy quark to a lower-energy quark in the quantum tornado. That forms the suck effect that keeps those particles together. Or in another version. The gluon is in a static position between quarks, and then it forms those quantum tornadoes between those quarks. 

Because energy travels from down quarks to up quarks, that thing acts like glue that glues those particles together. This is why the strong nuclear interaction transporter particle is called a gluon. Gluon travels between quarks. The down quark is at a higher energy level than the up quark. The down quark is a heavy particle, and one of the reasons for that could be the spin of the particle. 

So. Strong nuclear interaction. It happens between a quark and a gluon, not between two quarks. A gluon is a massless particle, similar to a photon. When a gluon travels between those quarks, it interacts with another quark, which is on a lower energy level than the transmitting particle. When that gluon impacts the receiving particle, it sends a quantum pressure wave. 

Because the neutron has two down and one up quark, energy travels to the single up quark. That means it sends energy impulses through neutrons. And sooner or later, those energy impulses destroy the neutron. One of the reasons for that is that. The energy level in the universe decreases. When energy impulses travel out from quarks, they have a stronger effect. And the difference between energy levels is the thing. That breaks the neutron. 

In proton energy travels into two up quarks. This means the energy wave away from those quarks is slower and smoother. There is also more space where energy can go than there is in neutrons. This means that nobody has seen proton decay yet. 

And then into the quantum gravitation. It’s possible that quantum gravitation forms when quantum bonds between quarks and gluons start to bind energy. This effect causes a situation. That is the energy level in the outer shell of the quantum whirl that connects those quarks to the gluon. If we think that the spin of gluons forms the quantum gravity. When a gluon spins, it binds energy, and then other energy from the quantum field tries to fill that hole. This causes an effect in which the gluon sends a wave movement through that quantum whirl. 

This whirl is like a tornado. The inner side of it pulls particles together. But its shell pushes particles away from each other. This raises a question. About the gravity. Could the strong nuclear interaction be the same thing as gravity or quantum gravity? If we think that the particle that spins binds the energy field into it. We can say that gravity could be an effect. Those forms. When the so-called Higgs field travels to those spinning particles. The field. That could make this the Higgs field. As I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Happy 100-year birthday, quantum mechanics.

   Happy 100-year birthday, quantum mechanics. 

The GIF above this text introduces field interaction. When the outside field pushes the inner field, the inner field’s or structures' size will turn smaller. Until the pressure or energy level in it can break that process. Or the pressure or energy level turns so high that it can resist the outside field. 

It’s 100 years of quantum mechanics. In 1925, young scientists named Werner Heisenberg went to Helgoland Island and developed the concept of quantum mechanics. In Helgoland, he realized that all things in the universe are in interaction. There, that person realized that the sky is blue because some kind of particles hit it.

And then that thing caused shockwaves that we see as blue light. The blue light is so-called Cherenkov radiation. That radiation forms when a particle that travels speed of light hits the atmosphere. Those particles must slow their speed because the speed of light is lower in the atmosphere than outside the atmosphere. 

When a particle slows its speed, it must transfer its kinetic energy into its environment. When a particle hits the atmosphere. It sends a shockwave. The shockwave that we see as a photon is the thing that slows the particle's speed. When we think that the universe and all other systems are growing entropy, that means. We see that chaos is increasing in the system. But then we must wake up and make one decision. 

If the system is limited, any phenomena in it cannot be unlimited. And then we can see that entropy is not literally “chaos”. It's the thing that might look like chaos. But there can be repeating structures. Like in fractals. If researchers can someday find the order in the system’s entropy, they can calculate changes in its shape backward. And if those calculations are made right, they can uncover the shape of the original system. 

That makes this type of thing interesting. When a particle travels through the universe, it collects information from its environment. That information is on the particle like plague. And the problem is that. We cannot touch the particle. But if we could see the shape of the information that forms hills and potholes on the particle’s shell. If researchers know the route and entire systems. If the particle passes, it makes it possible to reorder that information. The problem is that near all stars, molecular nebulae, X- and gamma-ray bursts, and all other things involve quantum systems. 

The quantum fields in those systems are unique. And that makes this model theoretical. But if researchers know everything about the  particle’s route. They could restore information and see what things look like in that particle’s route. If that kind of thing is possible. That makes the quantum network possible. Data travels in a quantum network connected to particles. And if researchers can protect the data and calculate it back in the form. Where information was at the beginning of the particle’s journey. It allows sending bottle-post where information is stored in electrons. 

The ability to remove entropy. Makes it possible to see distant objects. And it can also allow researchers to transport information from the past to the future. Or from the future to the past. The black hole is the thing that can transport information from the future to the past. But the problem is that the entropy at the edge of the event horizon turns information into a mess that nobody understands. 

That entropy is like a series of whirls that mix information into a form. That makes no sense. But if researchers know how that border behaves and what kind of whirls there are. That allows them to re-order that information. That requires complete knowledge of the systems. And how those things behave in interaction. 

The universe, its particles, and quantum fields.

"New research suggests that collapsing stars may serve as natural laboratories to uncover hidden neutrino behavior, with potential implications for the birth of black holes and neutron stars. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, The Universe’s Most Elusive Particles Might Be Talking to Themselves)

Wave-particle duality (WPD) means that particles can turn into energy and vice versa: energy or energy fields can turn into particles. WPD means that particles are only the denser points in the quantum fields. The fact is that the particles require quantum fields for their existence. Without those quantum fields, there is no resistance that can push particles into their form. And that means if we take quantum fields out, energy flows away from particles, ripping them into pieces. And that turns particles into wave movement or quantum fields. Dark energy can form in some sub-particle structures that are too small to detect. 

But anyway, if a particle goes out from the universe, it turns into a wave immediately. And that makes it hard to detect anything outside the universe. The temperature outside the universe is unknown, but it's lower than 3K radiation or Planck radiation. It might be lower than the thermal minimum in the universe. And if that energy level is lower than the thermal minimum, 0K or -273.15C. That means energy can travel only out of the universe. That makes it impossible to observe things outside the universe. 

The most elusive particles in the universe can play an important role in neutron star and black hole formation. 

Neutrinos are almost massless particles. Their interaction with other particles is very weak. And that makes them travel through planets without touching anything. But today, researchers noticed a new interaction between neutrinos. That means a neutrino can interact with other neutrinos. And that makes those elusive particles more interesting than they were before. When a neutrino travels through objects, it takes some part of the quantum fields with it. That means those quantum fields transfer energy to the neutrino when it travels through them. 

Can the gravitational version of the Meissner effect be possible? In that gravitational Meissner effect, gravitational waves act like electromagnetic fields in the Meissner effect. And can this kind of effect also explain why neutrino interaction is so weak? The case where EM-fields travel past the particle that turns them denser than that thing allows the particle tunnel itself through walls? So is the spin of the neutrino so fast that a similar effect to the Meissner effect can make it almost weightless. If a neutrino hovers in an EM-pocket, it's hard to detect. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner-effect) Tc=Temperature Critical. Could there be a similar critical level to gravity?

In the theoretical model, the gravitational waves in extremely dense, fast-spinning particles can act in the same way as electromagnetic fields act in the so-called Meissner effect.  That theoretical phenomenon can be called the gravitational Meissner effect. Or the antigravity. 

If the gravitational Meissner effect exists, that thing can make gravitational levitation possible. The idea is that the fast-spinning particle can turn into a quantum-sized black hole. And that thing makes it possible that gravitational waves travel past the particle. The gravitational Meisner effect can explain some details about black holes. Radiation that travels past those objects closes them inside the radiation bag. So the thing that makes black holes special is that regular and quantum gravity are connected in them. The fast-spinning, extremely dense objects can create a situation where they don't let gravitational waves travel through them. That thing can make the gravitational Meissner effect possible. 

When a neutrino beam travels through the star, that thing can act like airflow that travels through rooms. The neutrino beam takes energy with it. And that decreases the temperature in the star's core. That thing can cause a very dangerous situation when the energy level decreases in the star’s core and the route of the neutrinos. When the energy level decreases, that means the energy that can resist gravity turns lower. And that neutrino beam can cause situations that start to explode sooner than it should. When the energy level decreases, that means the star's outer layers start to fall to its core, and that can cause extreme peaks in the energy production. 

Can a neutrino be the thing that glues quantum and regular gravity together? The idea in quantum gravity is that some kind of radiation or small particles that travel through the particles turns them cold. When something takes energy away from an object, outgoing energy tries to replace that energy. That movement continues until energy levels inside and outside the object are at the same level. In some models, the spin of particles binds quantum fields to them. 

That means particles turned those fields into kinetic energy. The energy that the particle binds pulls other particles to that thing. So, theoretically, a quantum-sized black hole requires that the spin of the particle turns so high. 

When large and dense groups of particles spin, they bind lots of energy into them. Without that spin, that particle’s existence ends. The question is, where do particles put the energy that they store? The outside quantum field pushes structure into its form. If that quantum field turns too weak relative to the structure, the energy that comes out from the structure destroys it. The question is, could the extremely fast-spinning quantum black hole emit gravitational radiation past it? That causes an interesting question about the gravitational Meissner effect's existence. If that Meissner effect's gravitational version exists, that means the gravitational levitation can turn into reality.   

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/quantum-fields-quantum-particles/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-most-elusive-particles-might-be-talking-to-themselves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

 

Cold material clouds near the center of the Milky Way can open new paths to cosmology and physics.

"High-resolution observations of the Milky Way’s Fermi bubbles have revealed dense, cold hydrogen clouds embedded within a superheated outflow, indicating that these colossal structures formed in a rapid, recent event. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, “Impossible” Cold Clouds Discovered in Milky Way’s Heart Challenge Astronomical Theories)

New observations about cold material clouds near the Milky Way’s center are challenging astronomical theories. Or maybe they tell more about conditions in those extreme areas than anybody expected. The Milky Way center is a very high-energy area. That means the material should be hot near Sagittarius A. When researchers find something very cold near that supermassive black hole there is a possibility that something simply pulls or pushes energy through that material. 

If things like quarks or something similar small, weakly interacting particles travel through material that thing can cause the effect that those neutrinos, etc. will transport energy out from that material. So something acts like a thermal pump. 

And there is a small possibility that dark energy is the thing that turns those material clouds into cold. If we think about the cases of dark dwarf stars near the center of the Milky Way. Collect dark matter and make them impact or annihilate, those particles can send so much dark energy that it pushes visible energy out from those cold material clouds. 

"An artist’s depiction of the relative sizes of the sun, a low mass star, a brown dwarf, Jupiter, and the Earth. Sizes are to scale, but distances are not. Credit: Jupiter: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (NASA, GSFC). Sun and Low-Mass Star: NASA, SDO. Brown Dwarf: NASA, ESA, and JPL-Caltech. Earth: NASA. Infographic: NASA and E. Wheatley (STScI)" (Phys.org, Dark matter could create dark dwarfs at the center of the Milky Way)

The dark dwarf can collect so much dark matter, that the impacts of dark matter. Or, weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs happen so often that they send so much dark energy that it creates visible interaction between dark and visible material. If that is true of the dark matter particles, WIMPs’ impacts are the source of dark energy. And maybe that thing can change our view of dark matter and dark energy. 

Dark matter interaction through gravity is a well-known thing. That means gravity centers pack dark matter around them. The gravity centers like Sgr A* are the ultimate objects in the universe. That kind of ultimate gravity center can collect and pack dark matter into such a dense form that impacts between those particles happen so often, and they can create visible interaction with other objects and particles. This means that dark matter and dark energy also have some electromagnetic-style interactions with visible material. The only known interaction is gravitational. 

But the “shine” of visible material covers that interaction with it. Things like dark dwarfs are very dense objects that can collect the dark matter and its radiation into them. And there is a possibility that there is a dark dwarf near the center of the Milky Way that gets its energy from dark matter. The dark dwarf is the massive object that formed when a brown dwarf used up its fuel. This dark dwarf location near Sgr A* is also special. The dark dwarf pulls dark matter around it the another dark matter flow that Sgr A* pulls to it impacts that dark matter whirl. That causes impacts or even annihilation that turns dark matter very hot. 

And the ultimate high energy that Sgr A* sends can also interact with those WIMP particles. The model goes like this: the dark matter particles, hypothetical WIMPs, are so small that they send so short-wave radiation that we have no ability to observe that radiation. That means the dark energy can be a wave movement outside the gamma-rays. And if that is true it can open new visions for cosmology and space research. 

https://nasaspacenews.com/2025/07/dark-dwarfs-the-cosmic-clue-that-could-reveal-dark-matters-secrets/

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-dark-dwarfs-center-milky.html

https://scitechdaily.com/impossible-cold-clouds-discovered-in-milky-ways-heart-challenge-astronomical-theories/

Hunting the fifth force.

"Physicists are pushing the boundaries of the Standard Model by investigating the possibility of a fifth fundamental force using ultra-precise measurements of calcium atoms. By comparing subtle energy shifts in isotopes, researchers hope to uncover signs of new physics that could help explain the universe’s hidden mass. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Close In on the Fifth Force That Could Unlock the Mystery of Dark Matter)

Researchers search for the fifth force. The fifth force can be the thing that we know as dark energy and dark matter. There are four known interactions or forces in the universe. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear interactions, or, forces. There is a possibility that the fifth force is the opposite of gravity. So that causes a question: can there be material without the fifth force? 

That fifth force can be the mirror-gravitation. Normal gravity has only pulling ability. And that means the fifth force can have only a pushing effect. There is a model that the color charge, or, using other words, we can say quantum colors can have similar interactions with the fifth force. 

The quantum color between gluons in the strong interaction can open the fifth force to us. That means there should be something that causes the repelling effect between quarks. The model goes like this. If we use the weak interaction as a model we can say that there are two gluons between quarks just like there are W and Z boson pairs between protons and neutrons. That gluon pair creates the quantum low pressure between those quarks. When those gluons orbit each other they simply harness energy fields into them. And then they transfer that energy into the quarks around them. That electromagnetic low-pressure can be the quantum gravity, or gravitational quantum dots. And the quantum gravity model goes like this: the gravity forms of the quantum dots and those quantum dots are entirely called gravity centers. The number and density of those quantum dots determine the strength of gravity. 

“Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue. Additionally, there are three "anti-colors", commonly called anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. Unlike electric charge, color charge is never observed in nature: in all cases, red, green, and blue (or anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue) or any color and its anti-color combine to form a "color-neutral" system. For example, the three quarks making up any baryon universally have three different color charges, and the two quarks making up any meson universally have opposite color charges.” (Wikipedia, Color charge)

(Wikipedia, Color charge)

"An animation of the interaction inside a neutron. The gluons are represented as circles with the color charge in the center and the anti-color charge on the outside." (Wikipedia, Color charge)

“Quarks have a color charge of red, green, or blue and antiquarks have a color charge of antired, antigreen, or antiblue. Gluons have a combination of two color charges (one of red, green, or blue and one of antired, antigreen, or antiblue) in a superposition of states that are given by the Gell-Mann matrices. “ (Wikipedia, Color charge)

When a quark takes enough energy it releases that energy as wave movement. That means the fifth force is the force that destroys the atoms. There is a possibility that somewhere is a force that interacts directly between quarks without gluons. Or there is also the possibility that quarks can repel gluons. And what happens if quarks push gluons away from their position? 

Can quantum color hide the fifth force? In quantum chromodynamics, CQD quarks and gluons have a so-called quantum color. Gluons can have one of three quantum colors blue, red, and green. Anti-quarks have opposite quantum colors anti-blue, anti-green, and anti-red. The strong interaction is the interaction between quarks and gluons. The gluon is the boson that connects the quarks together. And transmits the strong nuclear force. The gluon’s color charge is a little bit different from the quark’s color charge. 

The gluon’s color charge is a superposition of the quantum color and anti-color. The green and anti-green for example cannot form gluons, or they cannot exist in the same gluon.. So gluon has two heads, for example, blue and anti-green. So the quark is blue-antigreen. As you see in the diagram below. When we see that the blue quark emits the blue-antigreen gluon we can ask if the fifth force release happens in that process. 

This is why the strong nuclear interaction is also known as the color force. That color is similar to the electromagnetism in electrons. That means the quantum color is one thing that keeps quarks in their entirety called hadrons. In traditional models, the atom’s core and electron shell interactions are described as a whole. There is a possibility that the neutron’s interaction with electrons is different from that of protons. That means a neutron sends some kind of energy impulse to the electron and pushes it away. That means some of those quantum colors can interact with electrons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-close-in-on-the-fifth-force-that-could-unlock-the-mystery-of-dark-matter/

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/particle-physics/content-section-6.2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Gravitons, photons, and string theory.

Above: A spiral galaxy is actually a material disk around a supermassive black hole. 

If a graviton is the black hole in the middle of a photon that thing is a small but very powerful particle. When we look at the black holes in the universe we can see that those phenomena pull material into them from extremely large areas. The Sagittarius A’s size is about the same as the solar system. But it forms a spiral galaxy around it. 

That means that if the photon is a structure that is formed around the quantum-size black hole, that means the quantum black hole could be the graviton, the missing gravitation transmitting particle. But that particle is extremely small if we compare it with a photon. In this model, the photon is an energy ring that locks that quantum black hole into its form. That means photons are the energy field that denies the quantum black hole explosion. 

Or if the superstring or string theory is true we can say that if a photon is lost. That pushes a black hole into that superstring. An energy field that falls behind it impacts the superstring. In string theory, superstrings form all particles and energy fields. Those strings can be like rings, or they can be very long lines. And that means those 2D strings form everything. 

The idea is that the hypothetical superstring that the photon surrounds acts like a thermal pump that puts energy flow away from that point. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

The question is how can that thing form? The answer could be in the Kugelblitz black hole. The black hole can form from energy or from superstrings. The idea is that the photon that we see is an energy ring around the superstring. When the energy that comes out starts to push that string in that point, that makes energy move in and on that string. Superstring can be thinner than quark. But it can be as long as the diameter of the universe. So, when the energy level in that point starts to rise it puts energy to move out from that point. The rising energy level at that point puts energy moving faster at that superstring. 

That thing starts to pull energy out from that point so fast that all wave movement goes with that thing. In this model, the photon is the impact field around the superstring that cannot take all energy away from that point. The photon is the energy field that outcomes energy locks around the energy hill that makes energy move in the superstring. This means the black holes are like extremely powerful thermal pumps that make energy flow away from the point where they are so fast that quantum fields around them start to travel to that point with such high speed that light or any other wave movement cannot escape from that point. 

When we think that a photon is the ring-shaped energy field around some kind of superstring, the next question is how that superstring turns into a supermassive black hole. That happens when those superstrings are starting to tie around each other like a rope. That kind of thing can form extremely large black holes. But the requirement is that those structures must not let energy away from them. So maybe at least large-size Kugelblitz black holes cannot form in the modern universe. There is so much free space or surrounding quantum fields are so weak that the rope-shaped structure of superstrings will be broken. 

The black hole is in the interaction between it and its environment. Outcoming energy or quantum fields press that structure together. And in the young universe, those quantum fields were much stronger than in our universe. They pressed those superstrings together. And that means it's possible that in the very young universe the Kugelblitz black holes formed before material. That is one way to think about the most interesting phenomenon in the universe. Proving that thing requires proving string theory. And that is not an easy thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

Do we live in a black hole?

Maybe, the Big Bang was not the beginning of everything. The black hole cosmology claims. The universe came from a black hole that detonated or separated from some larger entirety. 

This is one of the most interesting questions in the history of cosmology. The idea about the black hole universe that separated from the bigger universe. And exploding is not new. German scientist Karl Schwarzschild made that original model in the early 20th. Century. The thing that makes that theorem where the universe is in the black hole a big thing is that it can give answers to questions about where material and radiation that formed the Universe where we live came from. That theorem is the base of the Phoenix universe, and metaverse-type theories there the universe where we live is only one of the universes. 

This gives the answer to the question of where material and wave movement came from, as I just wrote. But it doesn’t give an answer to the question of where the ultimate beginning is. The thing that will make the black hole cosmology a little bit hard to understand is the time. When we think about the time dilation in the black hole, the logical thing is that time travels in the opposite direction in the black hole. The logical conclusion begins with the time dilation model. When escape velocity reaches the speed of light time will stop. And when escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light time starts to travel backward. 

So that is the evidence against black hole cosmology? Should time travel backward in the universe? The question seems to have a simple answer, but then the black hole is more complicated than we even imagine. There are models that when we go into the black hole the escape velocity would rise. That means the time would turn around multiple times before it reaches the center of the black hole. But then we can think about the observations that are made about gas giants like Uranus. When an object closes that gas giant first the entire mass pulls that object to it. When an object falls through the atmosphere there is less mass before it. 

And that means there is lower gravity on the Uranus rocky shell. The gravity at the edge of Uranus’s clouds is about 21 g. But on its “surface,” it's lower than Earth. The surface means the point where the Uranus’s rocky core is. And there the gravity is about 8 g. The same effect should happen in black holes. Those objects are the most extreme in the universe. But there are the same principles as in the gas giants. When an object travels in a black hole, there is less gravity left in front of it. When an object falls in the black hole it rides with the field that falls in it. So there is a small point where there is no gravity at all. 

That means time turns around in the middle of a black hole. In a black hole’s absolute center time travels in the same direction as it travels outside the event horizon. In a black hole, everything travels in the same direction. This means that the cosmic flow there, all galactic superclusters seeming to travel in the same direction, can prove that the entire universe orbits around the same mass center. 

Outside of the black hole it seems to spin extremely fast. But inside its event horizon, the movement seems to be slower. The fact is that the structure must not be just below, or behind the event horizon. That thing can be far deeper in the black hole. Black holes press particles into smaller forms. 

So it is theoretically possible that just in the middle of that strange object, inside its complicated and mysterious structures are the complicated systems. If black hole cosmology is the reality that explains dark energy as the black hole vaporization. The thing is that black hole cosmology is one of the most interesting visions that have ever been made in the rocky path of cosmology. And that means the Big Bang was not the beginning of the entirety. 

https://www.independent.co.uk/space/universe-start-big-bang-black-hole-b2763415.html

https://www.sciencealert.com/the-entire-universe-could-exist-inside-a-black-hole-heres-why

https://theconversation.com/what-if-the-big-bang-wasnt-the-beginning-our-research-suggests-it-may-have-taken-place-inside-a-black-hole-258010 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_cosmology

The Wikipedia describes the black hole cosmology like this: 

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“A black hole cosmology (also called Schwarzschild cosmology or black hole cosmological model) is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole. Such models were originally proposed by theoretical physicist Raj Kumar Pathria, and concurrently by mathematician I. J. Good. In the version as originally proposed by Pathria and Good, and studied more recently by, among others, Nikodem Popławski, the observable universe is the interior of a black hole existing as one of possibly many inside a larger parent universe, or multiverse.”

“Any such model requires that the Hubble radius of the observable universe be equal to its Schwarzschild radius, that is, the product of its mass and the Schwarzschild proportionality constant. This is indeed known to be nearly the case; at least one cosmologist, however, considers this close match to be a coincidence.”

A paper, published in March 2025 claims that, of a sample of over 200 early galaxies, around two thirds spin clockwise, whereas only half would be expected to do so. One possible explanation for this anomaly is that we might be inside a black hole; as all known black holes spin and this spin would influence any galaxies inside one. Alternatively it might be that the cosmos spins slowly for some other reason, or there may be some issue with the data.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_cosmology

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The new way to make quantum computers is at the door.

"Illustration of engineers at Brown University using quantum entanglement to enhance 3D holographic imaging. Image generated by AI." (RudeBaguette, “Quantum Laws Just Got Twisted”: U.S. Engineers Use Entangled Light to Project Mind-Bending 3D Holograms in Real Time)

There are some models where the quantum computer's qubit is a group of false vacuums. The idea is that the qubit can be like an onion. The internal vacuum layers are filled with some quantum fields. Those internal quantum fields form the onion-shaped structure. And when they touch each other that makes them transfer information between those quantum points. Those internal vacuums must be used to minimize non-controlled turbulence in the system. 

The new way to make quantum computers is based on the models where a system "makes light from the vacuum". The fact is that the system does not make light from the vacuum. It simply collects photons in the vacuum, and when there are enough photons, that system enables their use for quantum computing. 

The system can create photons by putting wave movement impact in a vacuum. In that case, the ideal "sterile photon" turns into reality. 

Those photons can become entangled with another photonic field. The system can look like two light pillars. That sends information to each other. That kind of system creates sterile, or clean photons that have a minimum level of artifact information.

And that is a very big advance in quantum technology. The ability to put two holograms into quantum entanglement makes it possible to control photon groups and photonic fields. And that makes it easier to make quantum systems. Traditional quantum systems use single photons that are put in the quantum entanglement. 

The problem is how to separate those photons from the fields.  Photon field quantum entanglement causes the possibility that the quantum computers could also use another field like gravity or quantum gravity as the qubits. 

"Illustration of scientists creating light from empty space by manipulating time and space. Image generated by AI." (RudeBaquette, “Scientists Achieve the Impossible”: Mind-Blowing Breakthrough as Experts Create Light from Empty Space by Manipulating Time and Space)

The idea is that those quantum particles are on a sensor that measures their weight. And the changes in their weight determine the quantum state. 

The system that uses gravity as the computing system can be theoretically possible. The system can use the quantum gravity fields. That crosses at a certain point near those particles. The idea is that the system interacts with quantum particles. The energy pumping adjusts those particle's mass and the system measures those changes. 

When we think about the ability to change information between two fields, researchers must make the quantum points that make the field look like a saw. Information travels between those "hills" and that makes it possible to control that flow. These kinds of systems are interesting. 

And they bring so-called vacuum energy closer to reality. In vacuum energy, the energy doesn't come from emptiness. There is a vacuum that puts energy flowing or moving. If we think about the possibility that the electromagnetic vacuum can collect photons that vacuum or false vacuum can also collect and. bind electromagnetic waves to those photons. 

When researchers collect photons from the environment using the electromagnetic vacuums, that thing opens the road to a new energy form. The practical solution can come from the distant future. The idea is that there is an electromagnetic pillar in the hologram, that transmits energy out from that structure. That thing makes energy travel against the hologram. 

Or some outcoming energy stresses the hologram that can bind that energy in that hologram. This kind of system can someday use gravity waves or even dark energy as a power source. The idea is that the energy waves interact with those photon pillars and then the system can put that energy into electric circuits. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/quantum-laws-just-got-twisted-u-s-engineers-use-entangled-light-to-project-mind-bending-3d-holograms-in-real-time/

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/scientists-achieve-the-impossible-mind-blowing-breakthrough-as-experts-create-light-from-empty-space-by-manipulating-time-and-space/

Time crystals and quantum hyperentanglement are new holy grails in quantum technology.

"The latest time crystal innovation may expand the known boundaries of quantum mechanics. (Image credit: WashU)" (LiveScience, Scientists unveil new type of 'time crystal' that defies our traditional understanding of time and motion)

"In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state." (Wikipedia, Time crystal)

The new time crystals where atoms wobble back and forth. Can make it possible to create a reversible computing model for quantum computers. 

The idea is that when quantum entanglements transport information forward on the other side of the time crystals another line of those atoms transports information back. And that helps the quantum computer handle and detect errors in quantum data flow. 

As we know quantum entanglement can remain only if another particle is in a lower energy level. If those particles turn into the same energy level they form a standing wave between them. That destroys the entanglement. The answer to that problem can be to put those particles in the wheel that rotates around its axle. 

"An illustration of two atoms entangled across a great distance. (Image credit: VICTOR de SCHWANBERG/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY via Getty Images) LiveScience, Physicists force atoms into state of quantum 'hyper-entanglement' using tweezers made of laser light)

When the laser system sends radiation to the dominant particle, that energy transports information into a recessive particle, causing the recessive particle's energy level to rise. The wheel allows the switching of roles between those particles and helps to keep the system's energy under control. 

If the quantum entanglement is made in two stages, first the system puts atoms in the quantum hyperentanglement. Then two particles will be put in quantum entanglement between those atoms. That allows the use of the atom of the recessive side of the superposition and quantum entanglement. As the thermal pump. 

That pulls energy out from the recessive particle in the quantum entanglement. The system can use laser beams or electron rows that transport energy out from the recessive side's atom. And that atom pulls energy out from the receiving, or recessive side of the quantum entanglement. 

Quantum hyperentanglement between atoms is the new "holy grail" for quantum research. There are two ways to put atoms in quantum hyperentanglement. The first is to split the atom into two parts. And then put those parts to oscillate at the same frequency. That synchronization can happen before the system splits the atom. 

The other, and maybe. Easier way is introduced in the Live Science web magazine. Researchers used optical tweezers to put those atoms into superposition and entanglement.  Those superpositioned and entangled atoms can form the quantum channel where they can send information. 

Or that the quantum channel can also protect another quantum entanglement that is made between those atoms. This kind of quantum hyperentanglement is the thing that can revolutionize quantum technology. It can be used to make the channel where the qubits can travel. The quantum teleportation requires that the qubit can travel in the channel without touching its wall. If that qubit touches something, it destroys information inside it. 

The quantum channel can also turn antimatter rockets and antimatter weapon systems into reality. The system's idea is that the antimatter beam hits the material, and that can release lots of energy. But the problem is how to control antimatter. And technology. That is made to transmit qubits over distances and can solve that problem. 

The same thing is needed in weaponized antimatter systems and in antimatter engine applications. Antimatter is the most powerful thing in the universe. Quantum channels make it possible to transport antimatter particles like positrons and antiprotons over a long distance. When those particles hit the target they form the annihilation that turns both particles into energy. That releases a lot of energy. And it turns the antimatter weapons one step into reality. The antimatter ion cannon can destroy entire planets. And it can also make the antimatter rockets closer to reality. 

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/particle-physics/physicists-force-atoms-into-state-of-quantum-hyper-entanglement-using-tweezers-made-of-laser-light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal

The quasars uncover gravity's rhythm.

"Artist’s depiction of supermassive black holes generating the universe’s gravitational wave background. Credit: Olena Shmahalo for NANOGrav" (ScitechDaily, The Great Cosmic Wiggle: Quasars Reveal Gravity’s Hidden Rhythm)

The gravity's rhythm is important because it tells about the shape of that strange and dominating force. There is one model. That can tell about the shape of gravity waves, but that thing is not confirmed. This thing is the modified heat pump model. The idea is that the black hole can form a tunnel between the 4th or 5th dimensions. 

And the second dimension. The energy that falls from the higher dimensions or higher energy spaces through the third dimension where we live to the second dimension takes energy fields with it. That means the energy that travels through that channel acts like a waterfall. It connects energy from around into itself. In that model. The high-energy plasma ring around that object keeps that strange channel open. 

There is a theoretical particle called the graviton. That particle could be the transmitting or transportation particle for gravity. The shape of the graviton is a mystery. That particle can be hidden in superstrings that form the shell of every single elementary particle. There is also a model where graviton is an extremely small black hole. The donut shape of the photon supports that theory. 

That means photons could be the power field around the quantum-size black hole. That also explains why the photon has wave and particle forms. When a photon takes its waveform it just sends wave movement through the Higgs field which is the base energy field in the universe. So, in that model photon is the energy ring around the small black hole. 

"A groundbreaking new technique has revealed the first detailed image of an individual photon. (Image credit: Ben Yuen and Angela Demetriadou)" (LiveScience,The shape of light: Scientists reveal image of an individual photon for 1st time ever)

The model is this. When that superstring or very thin energy field orbits the center it sends energy waves to the field. Those very thin energy waves push the field away from around that structure. The structure where quantum objects like some particles are connected with the gravity center by a thin superstring makes it possible for this structure can harness energy from around it. 

And then if that structure's center is higher energy than its edge that thing acts like a whip. When a whip sends a soundwave that we hear as a pile that quantum structure sends energy pike through the fields. When the universe's energy level turns lower, that thing expands the energy pothole. The thin energy beam just pushes the base energy field from around it. 

But then, a low-mass gravitational center interacts through gravitational waves. We must think about the model where spinning particles like quarks and gluons store energy from around them into kinetic energy, and that causes their energy fields to travel to the gravity center. We must realize one thing. When that field travels to the gravity center. We see that thing as a gravity wave. 

The particle or object like a sub-particle structure that can be a superstring doesn't send a gravity wave; it doesn't bind energy in itself. That thing happens because the universe expands. Or the quantum field that fills the universe turns weaker. So whenever a particle's energy level turns higher than the environment it sends radiation. When the energy level in a particle turns lower than the environment energy travels to the particle. 

There is a model that the gravity waves can form when some ring-shaped small energy ring interacts with its environment. The gravity wave rhythm can help to create the antigravity system. The idea is that gravity waves are energy ditches that travel in the universe. That means the system should only fill those gravity waves using energy. But for that thing, the system must know the shape and rhythm of the gravity waves. If the system can fill or stretch those waves that can open the path to interesting technologies. 

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/quantum-physics/the-shape-of-light-scientists-reveal-image-of-an-individual-photon-for-1st-time-ever

https://phys.org/news/2024-11-theory-reveals-photon.html

https://scitechdaily.com/the-great-cosmic-wiggle-quasars-reveal-gravitys-hidden-rhythm/

Galaxies still collide.

The expansion of the universe doesn't mean that galaxies cannot collide. There are at least two galaxies. That is coming to the Milky Way. The Large Magellanic Cloud will impact the Milky Way in 2,4 billion years. And Andromeda galaxy collides with the Milky Way after 4,4 billion years. 

That thing means that there are two versions of the universe. The thing is that the galaxies in the local clusters turn into one entirety. And then. Galaxies in superclusters turn into one entirety. Because their mutual gravity wins dark energy.

There are two geometries in the universe. Local and global geometry. Local geometry is the thing. That we see in large galaxy clusters. 

Global geometry means. The universe's geometry as an entirety. 

The fact is that in local geometry gravity always wins. But on a global scale, the dark energy wins. The large-scale models show that the universe expands. However, the small-scale model can be different. And in small-scale models the galaxies in local galaxy clusters or groups will come together. In local galaxy clusters, the internal gravity of those clusters wins the expansion and that causes the galaxies will collide. All galaxies pull material from around them. 

That increases their mass. And expands the galaxy's gravity field.  When galaxies collide. That new structure's mass is the same as both galaxies' mass. 

That increases the size of the gravity field or gravity pool. Gravity is interaction and the same way distant galaxies pull the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies to them, as Milky Way and Andromeda pull those galaxies to our direction. 

Material is not homogenously spread all over the universe. Things like the cosmic web make modeling those kinds of systems very difficult. 

There are interactions between galaxies, galaxy clusters, and globular clusters. And the fields in those cosmic web structures. The gravity effect forms those complicated structures in the universe. Gravity is the strongest interaction at long distances. 

But that is not the only interaction in the universe. There are other interactions like electromagnetism. Those interactions are losing to gravity. But they have effects in short distances.  

That means that things like gravitational effects are not the same everywhere. Galaxies are in clusters. Those clusters are like bubbles. 

In those bubbles, there are local clusters. And superclusters, groups of local clusters. The mutual gravity in those clusters pulls galaxies together. 

Those bubbles form galaxy clusters. In galaxy clusters, the internal gravity of those structures pulls their galaxies together. First, the local clusters melt into large galaxies. And finally, those superclusters melt into single giant galaxies. The thing that the universe's expansion and the decrease of the energy level causes is that. Entropy in the system rises. That causes two effects. 

First, the entropy disturbs information more than in the young universe. But. Otherwise the energy levels in those fields are lower. That means the gravity pools around the galaxies turn larger. The gravitational fields affect a longer distance because there are not so powerful disturbing fields. The gravity centers are larger but the space between those large galaxies will be cold and dark. 

The energy level difference in and outside those galaxies is higher than it is in the modern universe. That causes situations where material in galaxies vaporizes more than in the modern universe. Galaxies send radiation stronger than in the modern universe. But there is less material and radiation between galaxies. 

That tells that there was some kind of turbulence. Or something that was denied. The material spread homogeneously over the universe.  There were some kind of gravity centers. That could be primordial black holes. That started the form of those galactic clusters. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/why-galaxies-still-collide-expanding-universe/

https://www.sci.news/astronomy/large-magellanic-cloud-milky-way-collision-06788.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-supermassive-black-hole-is-on-a-collision-course-with-the-milky-way