Writing about drying the Colorado River and the ancient Mars.

"Water managers have overestimated the Colorado River’s water supply because warmer, drier springs reduce rainfall, causing plants to consume more of the snowmelt instead of it reaching the streams. New research shows that nearly 70% of the water shortfall is due to this shift, challenging current water prediction models." ScitechDaily, Vanishing Water Mystery: Scientists Uncover Why the Colorado River Is Running Dry)

Let's start with the Colorado River which has less water than should. There is the possibility that warming temperature increases vaporization. But, what really happens? Some parts of the Colorado River flow in the canyon. When the temperature around the thin Canyon Valley rises. That temperature rising causes the air around the canyon to start to rise. That decreases the pressure in the canyon. When the pressure decreases. That decreases the boiling point. 

When water flows over some stones. That causes an effect. Some part of the water flow is in low pressure. When water direction travels over some other water layer. That can cause even a vacuum between those layers. And that means the water will boil at a very low temperature. When air will not push water back into the flow. That releases water molecules into the air. So maybe low pressure in the canyon has some kind of role in this phenomenon. 

And then to Mars...

"Pale rocks found on Mars by NASA’s Perseverance rover contain kaolinite, a mineral that forms in warm, wet environments, suggesting the planet may have once been much more hospitable to life. Scientists are intrigued by this unexpected discovery, which hints at a wetter, potentially life-supporting past on the Red Planet. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Alien Clues in Strange Martian Stone: Scientists Stunned by Rover Discovery)

The rover picked up an interesting stone on planet Mars. That stone has been under ancient water. And it can hold the clues of life. There is the possibility that some of those stones that were underwater in Mars's past can hold the bacteria remnants that can recognized as bacteria. 

Today planet Mars is a cold and hostile place. In the past, there could be some kind of prokaryotes. The meteorite is known as Allan Hills (ALH) 84001. 

There are stones on Earth that can be from the planet Mars. There are some structures. That looks like some kind of bacteria that can form the chains. The counter-argument is that those structures are too small being modern bacteria. But when we think about the first primitive organisms they didn't have mitochondria or nuclei. 

Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001 (Wikipedia, Allan Hills 84001)

They were prokaryotes that got their energy from geothermic temperature. Those very primitive organisms did not have all the organelles. That modern bacteria have. So that causes discussions about those structures of the Allan Hills 84001. 

The origin of those bacteria is unknown because when those meteorites came through the atmosphere. When those meteorites impact Antarctica there is the possibility that this temperature made some bacteria travel to those meteorites. 

https://scitechdaily.com/vanishing-water-mystery-scientists-uncover-why-the-colorado-river-is-running-dry/

https://scitechdaily.com/alien-clues-in-strange-martian-stone-scientists-stunned-by-rover-discovery/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

Meteorite impact detected on Mars.

"Artist’s impression of the meteorite impact of December 24, 2021, in the Amazonis Planitia region on Mars. Credit: © IPGP -CNES – N. Starter" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s InSight Mars Lander Detects Stunning Meteoroid Impact on Red Planet)

"Boulder-size blocks of water ice can be seen around the rim of an impact crater on Mars, as viewed by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE camera) aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The crater was formed on December 24, 2021, by a meteoroid strike in the Amazonis Planitia region. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona".  (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s InSight Mars Lander Detects Stunning Meteoroid Impact on Red Planet)

"This meteoroid impact crater on Mars was discovered using the black-and-white Context Camera aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The Context Camera took these before-and-after images of the impact, which occurred on December 24, 2021, in a region of Mars called Amazonis Planitia. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s InSight Mars Lander Detects Stunning Meteoroid Impact on Red Planet)

NASAs "InSight" probe detected a meteorite impact on the Amazonis Planitia region on Mars. These kinds of impacts are interesting. Because they offer the possibility to make seismic observations about the red planet's surface. Those meteorite impacts are also delivering underground debris around the area. And that debris and the impact crater allow probes to see underground sediments. 

That is not sterilized by ultraviolet radiation. There is a possibility that the remnants of the organisms that could live on the red planet a long time ago might uncovered during those kinds of impacts. 

The meteorite impacts on mars are also making it possible to map the internal structures of that planet. 

There is the possibility that there is a lot of water in the form of crystal water and very cold ice. Releasing that water can happen by warming the rocks and sand. Or if there is oxygen and hydrogen on that planet. There is a possibility to create water by burning those gases. The oxygen is stored in iron oxide, or otherwise saying into "rust". 

Iron oxide is a brown mineral, but the problem is how to get hydrogen. There must be some mineral that involves hydrogen. But if there is water ice on the red planet. Water can use for making hydrogen and oxygen for the rocket by using electrolysis. The last method is easier than removing oxygen and hydrogen from minerals. 

But Mars is an interesting planet. There are plans to make a base on that planet. And the tallest mountain in our solar system: Olympos Mons offers a good position for a liaison ship, that rises men and cargo to the orbital trajectory where interplanetary nuclear rockets are waiting for those things. 

The water on that planet is not necessary, because it can be brought from asteroid belts or produced by burning water and hydrogen. But if there is water on that planet it makes everything easier. There is the possibility that the water that is forming when the hydrogen and oxygen burn in fuel cells. 

In some wild dreams, the water that forms when hydrogen and oxygen are burning in the rocket engine can be collected into a tank and recycled. That engine model works like this, the rocket engine blows the jet to the bag or sail. That system is actually, like a hot air balloon where the engine blows a rocket jet that forms when oxygen and hydrogen are burning. That bag acts like a sail. And the system can collect the water from that bag to the water tank. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-insight-mars-lander-detects-stunning-meteoroid-impact-on-red-planet/