The mysterious shockwaves around the white dwarf surprise astronomers.

“The central square image, taken with the MUSE instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope, shows shock waves around the dead star RXJ0528+2838. When a star moves through space, it can push away nearby material, creating a so-called bow shock, which in this image is glowing in red, green, and blue. The colours represent hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, respectively. “ (ScitechDaily, “We Found Something Never Seen Before” – Mysterious Shock Wave Around Dead Star Surprises Astronomers)

These shocks are usually produced by a strong outflow expelled from the star. However, in the case of RXJ0528+2838 – a white dwarf with a Sun-like companion – astronomers discovered that the shock wave can’t be explained by any known mechanism. Some hidden energy source, perhaps magnetic fields, could be the answer to this mystery. Credit: ESO/K. Ilkiewicz and S. Scaringi et al. Background: PanSTARRS.” (ScitechDaily, “We Found Something Never Seen Before” – Mysterious Shock Wave Around Dead Star Surprises Astronomers)

The form of the shockwave of the white dwarf RXJ0528+2838 is mysterious. Because of its shape. The shape of the shockwave is like a comet. This can tell. This white dwarf is in the middle of the material flow that impacts its pole. The material flow that impacts this white dwarf acts in the same way. As solar wind. Acts when it impacts comets. So. There is. Some kind of material flow. There, the white dwarf RXJ0528+2838 is. This means that there is some kind of effect that puts hydrogen and other material in a flow against this white dwarf. When the high-speed material impacts the pole of the white dwarf. It puts it in a glow. Because of the heat. The problem is, where does that particle flow come from? Those particle flows require something that accelerates them. 

There is a possibility that some of those material flows form. In a thing. Called a plasma generator. When plasma whirls around the iron core, or proton cloud whirls around the electron cloud. Or. Ion plasma whirls around anion plasma. The structure acts like a giant generator. Those plasma whirls, or plasma generators, can form galaxy-size magnetic fields that drive plasma from very large areas. Those electromagnetic fields can cause plasma to move. And that effect can explain why we cannot see the source of the plasma flow, which impacts the white dwarf RXJ0528+2838. 

“Magnetic fields permeate the universe, shaping processes from solar winds to galaxy formation. Yet scientists have long struggled to explain how large, orderly cosmic magnetic fields arise from chaotic turbulence. New simulations reveal a mechanism in which persistent velocity gradients within plasma flows generate organized magnetic structures. Credit: Stock.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Solve a 70-Year Mystery Behind the Universe’s Strange Magnetic Fields)

Mysterious shockwaves from a white dwarf can open a path for new ideas in physics. When a star like our sun. Uses all its hydrogen. And it ends its career as a star that maintains its nuclear reaction. As. A very thick star known as a white dwarf. In that star, the material of the star. It is pressed into the Earth-sized object, so that gravitation is strong. Those white dwarfs are mainly carbon. And somebody says that those things are Earth-size diamonds. 

The white dwarf pulls matter to its shell like all other gravitational centers. That material forms a plague on the white dwarf’s shell. That plague raises the white dwarf’s mass, and sooner or later, there forms the fusion reaction. The power and cycle of those reactions. Depend. On the white dwarf mass. But it also depends on polarity and the temperature of the plasma. If that nuclear reaction happens homogenously around the white dwarf, it sends shockwaves into the center of the white dwarf. Those shockwaves can also push matter away from the white dwarf’s shell. 

The white dwarf can pull lots of material back to its shell after the final eruption of the star. How much material drops on a white dwarf, depending on how strong the final eruption of the star is. The nova eruption is not as strong as a supernova. When a small star erupts as a nova, the eruption will not push material very far away from the star. And that means lots of particles and gas can fall to the white dwarf. The nuclear reactions on the shell of those stars can be seen as flames or shockwaves. This can explain the shockwaves. That comes from the white dwarf RXJ0528+2838. But. The problem. It is in the asymmetry of those shockwaves. The white dwarf seems to be in a formation. That seems like some kind of solar wind. But where does that flow come from? Maybe. This thing tells about the power of those natural plasma generators. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-solve-a-70-year-mystery-behind-the-universes-strange-magnetic-fields/

https://scitechdaily.com/we-found-something-never-seen-before-mysterious-shock-wave-around-dead-star-surprises-astronomers/

The mystery of the rings of the binary star WR-140 is solved.

The rings around binary star WR-140 formed because the O-type, very hot star travels across the Wolff-Ryat star's dust and gas. Or the thing that causes those rings is the solar winds of those stars colliding. And that forms the high-energy gas that causes the ring-shaped structure. 

(JWST image vs model of WR140. Credit: Left image: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JPL-Caltech. Right image: Yinuo Han/Peter Tuthill/Ryan Lau"(ScitechDaily.com/Baffling “Spiderweb” Star Discovered – Is It an Alien Megastructure?)

"Raw and processed 3D model of WR140 shells after 18 orbits (or 144 years) of cyclic dust formation. Credit: Yinuo Han/Peter Tuthill/Ryan Lau" (ScitechDaily.com/Baffling “Spiderweb” Star Discovered – Is It an Alien Megastructure?)

So the rings have no alien origin. But the fact is that also cepheid stars or lone Wolff-Ryat stars can send gas rings around them. When the cepheid star pulsates its energy production changes. 

When the size of the star decreases pressure and temperature inside it increases. And nuclear fusion will increase. Then that rising energy production pushes the core of the star outwards. And even if the size of the star decreases when the pressure inside it decreases the high-energy gas continues its way through the universe. 

Or some neutron star or pulsar can form that kind of structure. When the energy pike from a pulsar hits the star. That thing increases its energy production. Also, things like white dwarfs that erupt at intervals of a certain time can form rings around the system.  In that case, rings can form straight from the white dwarfs. Or they can form when energy hits another component of the binary star. 

https://scitechdaily.com/baffling-spiderweb-star-discovered-is-it-an-alien-megastructure/

Remnants of 10 billion years old Earth discovered in white dwarf's atmosphere.

"Artist’s impression of the old white dwarfs WDJ2147-4035 and WDJ1922+0233 surrounded by orbiting planetary debris, which will accrete onto the stars and pollute their atmospheres. WDJ2147-4035 is extremely red and dim, while WDJ1922+0233 is unusually blue. Credit: University of Warwick/Dr. Mark Garlick" (ScitechDaily/Astronomers Discover Oldest Planetary Debris in Our Galaxy – Remnants of Destroyed Solar System")

In space is a binary star system of two white dwarfs WDJ2147-4035 and WDJ1922+0233. The age of WDJ2147-4035 is about 10,7 billion years old and it spent the 10,2 billion years cooling as a white dwarf. WDJ1922+0233 is much younger. 

And it's almost sure. That those white dwarfs impacted each other. Then they started to orbit each other. So those white dwarfs have been separated a long time ago. 

An interesting thing is that white dwarfs are remnants of the stars, quite similar to the sun.  If the red participant of the binary star WDJ2147-4035 was really like our sun, it spent an incredibly short period of its life as the star that has nuclear fusions and its energy production. That means WDJ2147-4035 produced energy for only 0,5 billion years. 

"The astronomers used spectroscopic and photometric data from GAIA, the Dark Energy Survey, and the X-Shooter instrument at the European Southern Observatory to calculate how long the stars have been cooling. They found that the ‘red’ star WDJ2147-4035 is around 10.7 billion years old, of which 10.2 billion years have been spent cooling as a white dwarf". (ScitechDaily.com/Astronomers Discover Oldest Planetary Debris in Our Galaxy – Remnants of Destroyed Solar System)

The blue participant of that system WDJ1922+0233 pushes debris to the red participant WDJ2147-4035. And that means the atmosphere of that red dwarf is polluted by planetary debris. The thing that makes this necro-planetary system interesting is that both white dwarfs might have an independent planetary system. 

The remnants of the earth-like planet in the red dwarf's atmosphere are causing interesting speculations. Necroplanetology means that science research the remnants of exoplanets near dead stars. The most interesting of the star types are white dwarfs because they were once like the sun. 

And if there is some kind of civilization in the universe that is more advanced than humans. Remnants of that civilization could be found near white dwarfs. If that hypothetical civilization wants to stay alive after the star erupts as a nova. 

They must create an interstellar flight. But in that case, those civilizations would not return. And that means they must make only space arcs. The generations would change in the spacecraft fleet that speed is about 0,1-50% of the speed of light. 

Or create giant space stations that would go to the shadows of those planets. In that case, planets could protect giant O'Neill cylinders where those creatures are moving when they cannot stay on their planets. 

When we are thinking about that earth-like planet remnant in that white dwarf system that is 90 light years away from Earth there is the possibility that the origin of that planet is somewhere else than in this binary dwarf-star system. 

By the way...

What is the difference between nova and supernova? Nova can mean many types of stellar explosions. But one determination for nova is that is the end of the life of the star that is too small for forming neutron stars. So, if the result of the star's last explosion is a white dwarf. We should talk about nova. But from the Wikipedia page about nova, you can read more about that eruption. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova

https://www.sciencealert.com/necroplanetology-the-study-of-planets-dismembered-remains

https://www.sciencealert.com/remnants-of-ancient-earth-like-world-seen-being-eaten-by-a-star

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-discover-oldest-planetary-debris-in-our-galaxy-remnants-of-destroyed-solar-system/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf

Magnetars, neutron stars, what have an extremely powerful magnetic field.

Magnetars, neutron stars, what have an extremely powerful magnetic field.

At the beginning I must say that there could be many explanations for magnetars, the neutron stars, what are sending soft gamma- and X-ray radiation. And those objects are also giving information about the forming the black holes. There is a possibility, that also white dwarfs and neutron stars can transforming to black holes.

The image of a black hole is extremely interesting because it shows where the material will be pulled in the black hole. If the track what material follows is similar, with the material, what drops to neutron stars and forming the pulsar, it would tell that the black holes are also accelerating material to very high speed, but also tells, that does the all pulling the material limited in the transition disk? So does the black hole pull the material inside it only in a certain area, what is the equator, or the area what is between the poles of black holes?

And it tells about the magnet fields of the black holes. The thing why this is conducting with white dwarfs and neutron stars is that if another part of the double star is a white dwarf or neutron star, it would transform to the black hole and during that transformation process the high level of X-ray and gamma-ray radiation would send to universe.

There are two ways to forming the black holes. The first one is that when the heavy and large star explodes as the supernova, it would turn to black hole immediately. That would be called as the fast process. But the slow process is that the white dwarf would increase its mass, that it would collapse in stages to a black hole, and this version is that the increasing mass would transform the star to neutron star, then to quark stars and the final collapse would turn the quark star to a black hole. 

If magnetar would not transforming to the black hole, it would just vaporize in the powerful and violent eruptions. So the lifetime of magnetars is the only couple of ten thousand years. There are other explanations for this violent phenomenon, and one is that magnetar is the neutron star, what is collided with a black hole or quark star, or maybe magnetar is the quark star itself. That means that the small black hole cannot break the extreme stiff neutron or quark wicket, which means that it cannot pull that object in it, and that causes an extremely powerful magnetic eruption.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetar

The thing is that the magnetars could be the neutron stars, what is transforming to quark stars, and that collapse or transformation process, where neutrons are giving up to gravity, and during that process star would send the gamma-ray bursts.  So if we think carefully the double stars like Sirius, where the second part is the white dwarf would cause that the mass of the white dwarf is increasing and the process, where the white dwarf is transforming to a black hole is in running right now.

When we are thinking about things like magnetars, the extreme neutron stars, what have the magnet field, which is a thousand times more powerful than normal neutron stars, we are facing the neutron star, what is collapsing to the black hole. The extreme powerful magnet field and violent eruptions of this object means that the neutrons, what are forming neutron star are starting to give up for the gravity, what is increasing, because the material, what is falling to surface of the neutron star is leaving on the surface, and increase the mass of this star.

At least even neutrons cannot resist the gravity, and the star is turning to the grey hole or quark star, and sooner or later the gravity would increase to level, where even the light cannot escape from the star. So if we think the advancing the star after the nova- or supernova eruption, the white dwarf can also advance to the neutron star, and then through the stage oof quark star to the black hole.  

That happens because the white dwarf is pulling material to its surface, and that would start the process, where the gravity will sooner or later turn the star to a black hole. Before the black hole is forming, the star drops in the limbo, where the escape velocity from its surface is the same with the speed of the light, and at this moment the black hole would pull everything into it, and then it will collapse to the black hole.

And another thing in the black hole is when the neutron star is turning to the black hole, it would turn to dimmer and dimmer, what means that the gravity field would drop more and more light inside it. At first, the photons, what are coming straight to the surface cannot snap back to space, but then the photons that are traveling through the star start to drop on the surface of the star, and then it would transform to the black hole.