The insane magnetic field of magnetars.

"A simulated magnetar with magnetic field lines and surface temperature (temperature increases with color, tending from red to yellow). Credit: ©Raphaël Raynaud (LMPA/AIM/IRFU/DRF/CEA Saclay)" (ScitechDaily, Neutron Stars Gone Wild: How Magnetars Get Their Insane Magnetic Power)

There is suspicion. Cosmic radio flashes and high-energy, X- and Gamma-ray flashes from magnetars form when they impact with planets or some other massive objects. 

The neutron star forms. When the 8X larger star than the sun uses its fuel. That thing causes a situation where the star falls into the structure where electrons and protons melt together. That means those structures are purely neutrons. The neutron star's magnetic fields are insane. The thing that forms this magnetic field is the so-called Tayler-Spruit generator. In planets and stars the Tayler-Spruit generator forms a magnetic field when liquid metal rotates the metal core. 

The neutron star's mass is so high, and the material so dense that the shell and core in neutron stars cannot rotate at different speeds. Or that is very hard. So, it's possible that a neutron star that rotates in the plasma cloud can form a similar situation that the planet's metal core forms in melted metal. In stars the magnetic forms at different speeds of plasma rotation. 

The insane magnetic field of magnetars can form when some high-energy parts in a very low-mass neutron star rotate at different speeds. The magnetic field can form when the internal structures of neutron stars or neutron stars' core and neutron star shells rotate at different speeds. It's possible. That neutron star's shell and core rotate in different directions. That maximizes their mutual speed. 

"Magnetic-field lines inside the NS crust at the beginning of our NS magnetothermal simulation, that is, at t = 0. Credit: Nature Astronomy (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02477-y" (Sciencenewstoday, Tayler-Spruit Dynamo Mechanism Explains the Formation of Low-Field Magnetars)

There are two possible ways in which the neutron star's magnetic field can form. 

1) The rotation inside the neutron star. 

2) The plasma shield and neutron star's mutual rotation makes the magnetic field. The plasma can rotate opposite direction to the neutron star. 

That maximizes their mutual speed. The magnetar is a very low-mass neutron star and that supports the last theorem. The lower gravity field allows the plasma layer to stay more stable than around higher-mass neutron stars. Also, the plasma can explain why all low-mass neutron stars are not magnetars. 

The plasma will not fall to the neutron star if its speed is high enough, that it can remain in orbit around that thing. The insane magnetic field forms when the plasma is like strings around the neutron star. Things like whirls in the plasma can decrease the magnetic field's power. 

In some models, there is the possibility that the neutron fog is the low-density neutron structure between the neutron star's core and its shell. There is the possibility that the insane magnetic field around some neutron stars forms when plasma and the neutron fog interact together. 

Same way if there is a neutron fog between the neutron star's core and its shell, that neutron cloud or neutron fog can create its magnetic field. 

In that case, the neutron star can form an insane magnetic field. But there is another thing that can make an insane magnetic field around neutron stars. When particles like gas impact a neutron star's shell, it causes a very high-energy reaction. That reaction forms a plasma shell above a neutron star. There are nuclear reactions in that plasma. 

The neutron star rotates in that plasma. And there is the possibility that the plasma and neutron stars act like Tayler-Spruit dynamo. There the neutron star forms a stator. And plasma around it forms a rotor. If the magnetic field forms when the neutron star and its plasma rotate in opposite directions that can make a new path to the neutron star research. 

https://scitechdaily.com/neutron-stars-gone-wild-how-magnetars-get-their-insane-magnetic-power/

https://www.sciencenewstoday.org/tayler-spruit-dynamo-mechanism-explains-the-formation-of-low-field-magnetars

More about magnetars

More about magnetars

The extremely strong magnetic field with the quite small mass of this strange neutron star type is interesting the astronomers and other researchers. And as I wrote before there could be many reasons for the power of the magnetic field, what is about 1000 times more powerful than the regular neutron stars.

One of the explanations might be that the quite small mass of the magnetars is causing the effect, where the core of the neutron star would rotate faster than other neutron stars. The magnet field of the neutron star is forming by the same way with a generator, and the fast rotating core of the neutron star is causing the high-power magnetic field.

The rotation would happen because the material would drop to the surface of a neutron star, and because of the high-gravity level, the mass is touching the surface of the neutron stars with very high speed. And that releases very much impact energy, what is causing the heating of the mass, and also the high temperature with pressure, which is forming because the strong gravity would there also be the nuclear reactions in the material, what is touching the surface of this giant neutron.

The gravity field of this article would be extremely strong because all the mass of the star has been pressed to the particle, which is about 20 kilometers size. Sometimes some scientists have thought that the neutron star would turn to black holes in every case. But the magnetars might make an exception. Very high power bursts of gamma, X-ray and radio waves would cause that the magnetars would vaporize in a very short time. So what makes those magnetars so special?

The idea is that maybe magnetars are the collapsed stars, what mass is the border case. The star is just too big to create the white dwarf, and hardly enough to create the neutron star after the supernova. So the magnetars might be the "light neutron stars". Too heavy to be the white dwarf, but too light to create the stable neutron star, and this borderline case would create magnetar, the short-living neutron star, what might also have a goal to transform to a black hole.

Another explanation for magnetar is some of those neutron stars are collapsing to quark stars, and then to black holes. That means that there could be many types of magnetars, light and heavy versions of that phenomenon.

The radiation transforming from gamma- to X-ray tells about the change of the form of a magnetar. 

There are explanations that the magnetars would vaporize, but the changing of the radiation from gamma to X-ray tells that there would be changes in the form of the object and the changes of the energy level of those violent reactions. There have been theories that only black holes can send X-rays and the transformation of the radiation tells that the power of reactions would increase.

The X-ray impulses would tell that the magnetar is transforming into another type of object, where reactions would release even more energy than the bursts of magnetars.  And maybe the object is turning to thinner particle, what has more powerful gravity and magnet field than some neutron star.

Because "light" magnetars have the mass about 3-4 times the sun, that would make the outer layer of the neutron star rotating faster than a normal neutron star, where the gravity field would press the neutron star very thin, and that would slow the rotation speed of the outer layer. And the rotation speed of the outer layer determines how strong would the magnet field.

Even if magnetars have weaker gravity field than normal neutron stars the speed of the outer layer would increase to the levels, what we ever could imagine. And that thing causes that the star would pull plasma on its surface by using magnet field. When the material would hit to the surface, it would push the outer layer of the neutron star to rotate, and every each particle what will touch the neutron star would increase the rotation speed of this object.

When the material would touch the surface of the neutron stars, that would cause a similar fusion reaction, what happens in the normal star, but it happens on the surface of a neutron star. Then the ions would start to travel to the polar of that object, and those particles are forming electron or proton jettisons, and this is making them pulsars. But a small part of material would stay on the surface of a neutron star, and sooner or later that plack would collapse causing the thing, what is called as gamma- or X-ray bursts.

Magnetars, neutron stars, what have an extremely powerful magnetic field.

Magnetars, neutron stars, what have an extremely powerful magnetic field.

At the beginning I must say that there could be many explanations for magnetars, the neutron stars, what are sending soft gamma- and X-ray radiation. And those objects are also giving information about the forming the black holes. There is a possibility, that also white dwarfs and neutron stars can transforming to black holes.

The image of a black hole is extremely interesting because it shows where the material will be pulled in the black hole. If the track what material follows is similar, with the material, what drops to neutron stars and forming the pulsar, it would tell that the black holes are also accelerating material to very high speed, but also tells, that does the all pulling the material limited in the transition disk? So does the black hole pull the material inside it only in a certain area, what is the equator, or the area what is between the poles of black holes?

And it tells about the magnet fields of the black holes. The thing why this is conducting with white dwarfs and neutron stars is that if another part of the double star is a white dwarf or neutron star, it would transform to the black hole and during that transformation process the high level of X-ray and gamma-ray radiation would send to universe.

There are two ways to forming the black holes. The first one is that when the heavy and large star explodes as the supernova, it would turn to black hole immediately. That would be called as the fast process. But the slow process is that the white dwarf would increase its mass, that it would collapse in stages to a black hole, and this version is that the increasing mass would transform the star to neutron star, then to quark stars and the final collapse would turn the quark star to a black hole. 

If magnetar would not transforming to the black hole, it would just vaporize in the powerful and violent eruptions. So the lifetime of magnetars is the only couple of ten thousand years. There are other explanations for this violent phenomenon, and one is that magnetar is the neutron star, what is collided with a black hole or quark star, or maybe magnetar is the quark star itself. That means that the small black hole cannot break the extreme stiff neutron or quark wicket, which means that it cannot pull that object in it, and that causes an extremely powerful magnetic eruption.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetar

The thing is that the magnetars could be the neutron stars, what is transforming to quark stars, and that collapse or transformation process, where neutrons are giving up to gravity, and during that process star would send the gamma-ray bursts.  So if we think carefully the double stars like Sirius, where the second part is the white dwarf would cause that the mass of the white dwarf is increasing and the process, where the white dwarf is transforming to a black hole is in running right now.

When we are thinking about things like magnetars, the extreme neutron stars, what have the magnet field, which is a thousand times more powerful than normal neutron stars, we are facing the neutron star, what is collapsing to the black hole. The extreme powerful magnet field and violent eruptions of this object means that the neutrons, what are forming neutron star are starting to give up for the gravity, what is increasing, because the material, what is falling to surface of the neutron star is leaving on the surface, and increase the mass of this star.

At least even neutrons cannot resist the gravity, and the star is turning to the grey hole or quark star, and sooner or later the gravity would increase to level, where even the light cannot escape from the star. So if we think the advancing the star after the nova- or supernova eruption, the white dwarf can also advance to the neutron star, and then through the stage oof quark star to the black hole.  

That happens because the white dwarf is pulling material to its surface, and that would start the process, where the gravity will sooner or later turn the star to a black hole. Before the black hole is forming, the star drops in the limbo, where the escape velocity from its surface is the same with the speed of the light, and at this moment the black hole would pull everything into it, and then it will collapse to the black hole.

And another thing in the black hole is when the neutron star is turning to the black hole, it would turn to dimmer and dimmer, what means that the gravity field would drop more and more light inside it. At first, the photons, what are coming straight to the surface cannot snap back to space, but then the photons that are traveling through the star start to drop on the surface of the star, and then it would transform to the black hole.