Can dark matter have some hidden force?

“Dark matter may experience an unseen attractive force, but stronger attraction does not necessarily make the Universe more clumped. Credit: SciTechDaily.com.” (SciTechDaily, Dark Matter’s Secret Force Could Reshape Our Understanding of the Universe)

Dark matter is one of the suggested sources of dark energy. This means that if WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are real particles or quasiparticles. Those things can send wave movement. That can affect only another WIMP. This means that: 

A hidden force. Between those particles. It is wave movement. In the same way as all four fundamental interactions are. This means that the “fifth force”. It could be the wave effect between WIMPs. And then we can ask. What kind of particle could the WIMP be? The particle could be very massive. But it also could tunnel through other particles. So could those WIMPs be extremely fast-spinning particles? This means that the very fast spin makes those particles like spaghetti. When those WIMPs spin. 

They bind energy from around them. And that thing can make a gravity-like effect. The spinning particle. It could form energy strings. Similar to how neutron stars or black holes form. Their jet beams. This means. The WIMP could focus energy and aim it. Into. A certain direction. Another model is that the WIMP. It could be some. Kind. Of quasiparticle. 

In this case. The WIMP. It is like a tornado in the quantum field. If that kind of structure forms. The quantum field can create a bulge in that quantum tornado. That quantum tornado presses energy into that bulge. And presses energy into it. This presses the quantum bulge into collapse. That turns it into the shape of a string.  These kinds of quasiparticles. They can pull energy into them. From. Both sides of the structure. That thing can cause a quantum version of an electric arc. That thing. It can form the quantum version of the pressure wave. But what causes that quantum tornado? One suspected thing is tachyon.  

Tachyon is a hypothetical faster-than-light particle. When. Tachyon travels faster-than-light. That particle cannot interact with other particles. But when its speed slows. It must realease its energy to the environment. That energy has a similar shape to the supersonic boom. That forms a model. That could mean photons. Could be the structures that form when tachyons release their energy. And form the ring-shaped energy string. In that process, the tachyon transforms into some other particle. That particle could be the Higgs Boson. Or some other particle that is a very similar, short-lived, high-energy particle. When the hypothetical tachyon releases its energy. 

This process form the energy string. That looks like a wheel. When. That energy string travels out from the particle. It forms low-pressure energy behind it. Maybe a single tachyon cannot make anything fundamental. But if there are billions and billions of tachyons. Those things have an effect. In some models, tachyons form outside the universe. Or in cosmic voids. This means they could be “normal” particles. That travel faster than they should. When those particles hit a denser quantum field. They. Release their extra energy. This means they turn into some other particles. That we already know. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matters-secret-force-could-reshape-our-understanding-of-the-universe/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

A new theory can help to model black holes more accurately.

"Illustration of a black hole that is growing in response to an influx of energy. New research from Penn State suggests a new measure for a black hole’s entropy that extends Stephen Hawking’s laws of black hole mechanics to such out-of-equilibrium, dynamic black holes that form, merge, and evaporate. Credit: Jonathan Shu and Daniel Paraizo, Penn State" (ScitechDaily, New Black Hole Theory Solves a 50-Year-Old Problem)

The problem with modern models of black holes is this. Those models do not take into account the changes in the black hole environment and black holes themselves. The model of the static black holes is not suitable and in line. With the newest models and observations. The new models don’t handle black holes and their event horizons as static objects. 

But evaporation and collimation of black holes. Means that those objects are dynamic structures. The black hole’s event horizon is a dynamic entity. The features of that point depend on the black hole’s environment at a certain moment. This means that the model. That seems suitable for a certain moment. It can turn unsuitable after a very short moment. Things that affect a black hole’s features are its environment.

And its spin and expansion of the universe. Those things. Means that black holes seem stable. But they are changing and dynamic in their entirety. The material and energy that a black hole pulls in affect its spin. In the same way, a material disk. Around a black hole, pump energy into it. But at the same time. The gravity of that matter tries to steal energy from the black hole. 

If we think that all particles.  That orbiting a black hole sends synchrotron or Bremsstrahlung radiation. That causes an interesting theorem. Is the origin of the gravitational waves in hypothetical gravitons? That orbit black hole at the point of the event horizon. If all particles change their direction. Send photons. Gravitons that orbit black holes. Will also send radiation. 

Reseachers noticed that there are gravitational waves. That origin is straight from the event horizon. That gravitational wave. It can explain something about the black hole’s internal structures. In some models, black holes are like onions. And that means the black hole could release one of its gravity field’s shells when it sends that gravitational wave. The gravitational field around black holes is extremely strong. Or dense. 

This means that it’s possible that in that field there are gravitational shells. If we think. That's some photons. They are just behind the event horizon. And then that gravitational wave escapes. That could release those photons back. This model explains that gravitational waves are part of a black hole’s evaporation process. The gravitational wave. It was seen in the merge. Of the supermassive black holes. 

The radio waves that come near a black hole’s event horizon. They tell something about that strange environment. The reflection from inside the event horizon. It's impossible. But reflection from particles that orbit a black hole. It is possible. When those particles orbit a black hole. They travel in an extremely strong radiation field. This means that those particles. They start to send synchrotron radiation. 

“In particle physics, bremsstrahlung, from German bremsen 'to brake' and Strahlung 'radiation'. It is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into radiation (i.e., photons), thus satisfying the law of conservation of energy.” (Wikipedia, Bremsstrahlung)

“The term is also used to refer to the process of producing the radiation. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum. Which becomes more intense and whose peak intensity shifts toward higher frequencies as. The change in the energy of the decelerated particles increases.” (Wikipedia, Bremsstrahlung)

“Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (a ⊥ v). It is produced artificially. In some types of particle accelerators or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields. The radiation produced in this way has a characteristic polarization. And the frequencies. Generated signals can range over a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. (Wikipedia, Synchrotron radiation)

This radiation forms. When a particle changes its direction. Just like in a synchrotron. Particles. That orbit. A black hole starts to aim that energy out from that whirl. Those photons are things that turn the black hole’s halo visible. In the same way, a spinning black hole. And a spinning event horizon sends similar radiation. And we see that radiation. As gravitational waves. So if gravitons exist. We should search them just near the black hole’s event horizon. And an interesting model. It is that. Gravitational waves. They form because those hypothetical gravitons orbit a black hole at the point of the event horizon. 

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/a-new-way-to-study-the-edge-of-a-black-hole-physicists-just-got-the-closest-ever-look-at-a-black-holes-event-horizon

https://physicsworld.com/a/super-loud-gravitational-waves-offer-a-new-way-to-study-black-hole-event-horizons/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-black-hole-theory-solves-a-50-year-old-problem/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation

Gamma-rays from the center of the Milky Way can open the mystery of dark matter.

Can dark matter be the quantum-size version of the gravastars? 

Dark matter is a mystery. It is suggested that dark matter particles are so-called quantum-size black holes. Einstein’s  models suggest that any objects in the universe. They can turn into black holes. This thing happens. When outside radiation presses electrons into an atom’s core. Then the radiation must “only” melt the particles in the atom’s core. Into one entirety. This entirety is called singularity. There is a suggestion that all particles involve a quantum-sized black hole. And the thing. What we see as a particle is the halo of the quantum-size black hole. 

Then to the hypothetical. gravastars. If we think that the quantum-sized black holes exist. We can think. That. The quantum-sized versions of gravistars or gravitational vacuum stars. Also existed. The gravastar. It could solve many problems in fundamental physics. The gravastar explains dark energy. That. If the shell of a gravastar, or a quantum-sized gravastar, breaks. That lets the gravitational field travel into that gravitational vacuum. That causes the effect. That is similar to a vacuum bomb. That vacuum. It can collect and focus energy. Into the middle of it. 

But some other new models suggest that some black holes are actually gravastars. So-called hollow singularities. There, the entire mass of the object is in that object’s core. The hypothetical gravitational vacuum stars are also dense objects. But their matter is like a ball around the area. Its gravity affects symmetrically from its edge. And that forms the gravitational vacuum in the middle of that object.  

So there is a possibility. The microlensing forms a situation. Their energy focuses straight into the center of the atom’s core. That thing can cause the photonic nuclear reaction. That can cause the neutron decay. Or it could transform a proton in the atom’s nucleus into an anti-proton. That can cause. A nuclear reaction that throws the mass of an entire atom into a ball-shaped structure. And that thing means that the dark matter. It could be like a quantum-sized version of the gravastar. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, Gravastar)

And then to the gamma-rays from the Sagittarius A*.

Strange gamma-ray bursts from near the Milky Way’s center. They are things that are suggested to be from dark matter. But then we can imagine situation that the high-power radiation from the Sgr A*(Sagittarius A*), the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way can form that gamma-ray. The idea is that the extremely high-energy radiation comes from the black hole’s accretion disk, pushing electrons away from the atomic nucleus. When that radiation hits electrons. And free protons that form when hydrogen atoms release their electrons. 

Proton has two up and one down quark.  It is a possibility. The energy impulse can turn an up quark into a down quark. And if that happens in the proton, that baryon turns into a neutron. The neutron involves two down quarks and one up quark. The down quark is a higher-energy particle than the up quark. And neutron decay. It means that the down quark turns back into an up quark.  Also, a high-energy photon. It can cause a photo-nuclear reaction in an atom’s core. The photo-nuclear reaction forms in a situation. That atom transforms into a very high-excitation state. That state can cause a situation. The neutrons start to decay in the atom’s core. 

Those high-power radiation quanta can transform those protons. 

Another up quark. Into down quarks that transform those protons into neutrons. Because the energy level in the material disk around the Sgr A* changes. Those changes can cause decay in just-born neutrons. So that down quark transforms back to an up quark. And that reaction. It releases a W-boson and electrons. The decay produces one proton, two electrons, and one electron antineutrino. So, it's possible that the electron antineutrino hits the electron neutrino. And that should release some kind of radiation. But the radiation that comes from that acceleration disk pushes those electrons away. When those high-energy electrons are far enough from the Sgr A* they realease their extra energy as gamma-ray quanta. 

There are three possible sources. For those gamma-rays. 

1) Still hypothetical dark matter particles. 

2) Nautrons that can form in the high-energy radiation. Or the radiation from Sgr A* can destroy atom nucleus and release those neutrons. Then, neutron decay sends electrons. Or, one proton, two electrons. And one electron antineutrino. 

3) Electrons that high-energy radiation releases from their orbitals. When those electrons travel away from Sgr A*. And the energy transfer to those electrons ends. That thing makes them send gamma-rays. 

Some effects near supermassive black holes are not actually very exotic. Those things can happen more often than anywhere else. This means that the mysterious gamma rays can open the path. To find out the mystery of dark matter. The mystery is. Are dark matter particles? If they exist, a source for those gamma-ray bursts. There is a question. Does dark matter even have a particle form? And if those hypothetical particles are the source of those gamma-rays. 

That radiation. It can form when those particles impact. Or it can be the transformation radiation. That means the black hole radiation. It can transform particles into dark matter. The idea is that. The spin of the particle turns into 1 or higher. That thing means that the particle can turn invisible. As long as it binds energy inside it. So it's possible. That. The high-energy radiation. It can turn a particle invisible. And maybe that transformation. It can be seen as gamma-ray flashes. 

The thing. That dark matter causes a gravitational effect. It means that the dark matter should surround any black hole in the universe. Or actually, every gravity center will pack dark matter around it. But the problem is this. Nobody has seen dark matter yet. So, the dark matter halo. The matter. The matter that surrounds supermassive black holes should be large and dense enough. The astronomers could observe that strange matter. The dark matter could lens light. But that thing is very hard to separate from the gravitational lensing. 

The problem with that thing. It is the high-energy material disk around the black hole. The high-energy, extremely bright material disk. Covers the dark matter below it. In the same way, a traffic light can cover dust and snow below its brightness.  And maybe those very dense objects. They can deliver information about the strange gravitational effect. Known as dark matter. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/a-mysterious-gamma-ray-stream-comes-from-the-milky-ways-center-could-dark-matter-have-something-to-do-with-it

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/supermassive-black-holes-may-be-surrounded-by-dark-matter-clusters-new-echo-map-technique-suggests

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_neutron_decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_emission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

The NASA Dart mission has proven that asteroids can exchange dust and stones.

“[Left] The boulder-covered moon Dimorphos as seen 8.55 seconds before the impact of the DART spacecraft. [Right] The same image after correcting for lighting conditions across the surface and shadows cast by boulders, revealing a fan-shaped pattern of streaks (highlighted in color for emphasis). Credit: NASA/JHU-APL/UMD” (ScitechDaily, “At First, We Thought Something Was Wrong” – NASA DART Mission Reveals a Cosmic Snowball Fight)

“Images from NASA’s DART mission revealed the first direct evidence that asteroids in a binary system can exchange rocks and dust. Slow-moving debris from the asteroid Didymos appears to have struck its moon Dimorphos, leaving distinctive streaks scientists describe as “cosmic snowballs.” (ScitechDaily, “At First, We Thought Something Was Wrong” – NASA DART Mission Reveals a Cosmic Snowball Fight)

The gravity of asteroids is very weak. But. It’s strong enough that asteroids can pull particles like dust and stones from other asteroids. That thing is one of the most interesting things. That the Dart probe uncovered. The ability to “steal” . Other asteroids' material. Gives interesting ideas. About the possibilities that this thing can give. Can there be asteroids that carry material? That comes from some interstellar visitors. Interstellar asteroids and interstellar comets can contain interesting molecules from other solar systems. 

3I/ATLAS photographed in color by the Gemini North telescope on 26 November 2025 (Wikipedia, 3I/ATLAS)

The ability to exchange dust and stones brings new interesting questions. Could there be asteroids in the Kuiper Belt that “stole” particles from the  interstellar asteroid 1I/Oumuamua? And interstellar comets 2I/Borisov, or 3I/ATLAS? If that kind of asteroid exists. The interstellar comets spread particles. All around their path. And it’s theoretically possible to find those particles from the solar system. The AI can calculate those. Comets’ trajectories. And help to find asteroids that bind those particles on their surfaces. 

And. The origin of  those stones and dust can be confirmed to be in those interstellar visitors. Which could be the key to gathering information. About some ancient solar system. There is a possibility that those asteroids are some ancient star’s Kuiper Belt. And then a nova or a supernova pushed them out of their solar system. 

There is a possibility that the remnant.  The interstellar asteroids are left in the solar system. They can uncover new things about planet formation. The problem is that those particles are very hard. To separate from particles whose origin is in our solar system. Oumuamua and 3/ATLAS didn’t leave many particles. But samples of the ice that covers Oumuamua would give interesting information about the origin of that asteroid. There is a possibility that interstellar asteroids and comets can contain water from some extraterrestrial planet. But anyway, they can transport chemical compounds from other solar systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/at-first-we-thought-something-was-wrong-nasa-dart-mission-reveals-a-cosmic-snowball-fight/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3I/ATLAS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1I/%CA%BBOumuamua

The existence of tachyons explains the nature of gravity.

Can tachyon be the same as graviton? Tachyon is a hypothetical faster-than-light particle.  That particle cannot exist in the 3rd dimension because nothing can travel faster than light. The graviton is a hypothetical. Transporter boson of gravity. If we think of a possibility. That we could find tachyon in our universe. That point is near black holes. There are models that we cannot observe tachyons. Because. When they interact with 3D particles or space and time. Tachyons release their energy immediately. That means a photon can form when a tachyon releases its kinetic energy. And the ring shape of the photon supports that model. 

The idea is this. When a black hole binds energy, or quantum fields from around it. And turns those fields into kinetic energy. That energy turns some particles into tachyons. If tachyon exists. It can escape from a black hole. So, that means tachyons can be a source of so-called Hawking radiation. If a tachyon travels in the universe, it can leave a similar energy cone behind it. 

As an aircraft leaves. When it travels faster than sound. If a tachyon can form a quantum version of a sonic boom, that means the quantum low pressure follows that hypothetical particle. That thing makes. Quantum fields fall into those cones. And that explains why gravity can only pull things. The tachyon can also make the Hawking radiation possible. 

"A tachyon or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always travels faster than light. Physicists posit that faster-than-light particles cannot exist because they are inconsistent with the known laws of physics. If such particles did exist they perhaps could be used to send signals faster than light and into the past. "(Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"According to the theory of relativity this would violate causality, leading to logical paradoxes such as the grandfather paradox. Tachyons would exhibit the unusual property of increasing in speed as their energy decreases, and would require infinite energy to slow to the speed of light. No verifiable experimental evidence for the existence of such particles has been found." (Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"The term "tachyon" derives from a 1967 paper by Gerald Feinberg about excitations of a quantum field with imaginary mass. Subsequent work has shown the excitations are not faster than light particles but particle physicists still discuss "tachyons", e.g. in tachyon condensation, when they are referring to tachyonic fields." (Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

When tachyon arrives. Into the 3rd dimension, it would release its extra energy as a ring-shaped energy wave. So the photon, or at least some of the photons, are the remnants of the tachyons that slow their speed immediately when they arrive in the 3rd dimension. Here, they slow their speed and leave the sockwave behind them. That means a photon could be a similar shockwave to what an aircraft causes. When it crosses the speed of sound. And maybe those shockwaves are photons. 

But near black holes, the massive gravity pulls quantum fields into the black hole. There, the hypothetical tachyon can travel against the quantum fields. That travels into the black hole, the tachyon that can escape from the black hole can exist because the quantum field that travels against the tachyon allows it to cross the speed of light virtually. When a quantum field travels to a particle. And impacts it, the impact speed can be faster than the speed of light. If a particle travels 60% of the speed of light, and a quantum field travels against it with 70 % of the speed of light. 

The impact speed is 130% of the speed of light. That thing is called border crossing. The neutrino telescope benefits from a similar effect. When a neutrino travels into Earth's atmosphere and water, it travels faster than the speed of light in a medium. The neutrino must slow its speed, and during that process, it sends a blue light shockwave. That shockwave is like a quantum version of a sonic boom. 

When we think of a possibility. That a hypothetical graviton is the same thing as a tachyon. When a hypothetical tachyon travels out from the black hole. It can leave a similar cone behind it. As an aircraft leaves. When it travels faster than sound. That cone is called a sonic boom. If a tachyon leaves that kind of cone after it. If there is. Some kind of lower energy area. Energy around it starts to fill that area immediately. If a black hole sends those hypothetical tachyons, they could form the lower-energy area around it. If those hypothetical tachyons. Come out of a black hole. As pulses. That explains black hole quakes. And that explains why gravity has only one way effect. The cone that tachyon forms after it pulls particles into it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

Uranus delivers more energy than it gets from the sun.

"Using decades of space data, scientists have cracked the mystery of Uranus’s hidden heat. While weaker than other gas giants, this internal warmth rewrites what we know about the icy planet — and fuels excitement for a long-awaited NASA mission. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, A Hidden Heat Source on Uranus Just Changed What We Know About Planets)

Outcoming particle flow can form a point-shaped thermal point in the atmosphere.

Can that extra energy form in friction, or in internal radioactive decay? Or does some kind of external radiation beam push energy to that planet's atmosphere? If some kind of beam of energetic particles hits Uranus's atmosphere, it forms a thermal point at that impact area. 

Uranus and its internal heat source challenge theories about planet formation. The heat source is visible in the Uranus atmosphere. That means Uranus shines more energy than it gets from the sun. There is a rocky planet inside that great atmosphere. The size of that structure compared to the planet's size is very small. That rocky planet is smaller, or its gravity is weaker than on Earth. The large atmosphere around that planet is the thing that we see when we look at that distant gas giant. The thermal source on that planet can form in a similar way to that on Earth. The mass of Uranus is far higher than that of Earth if we measure it from the highest point of the planet’s atmosphere. 

Uranus's pole can also pull high-energy particles into that planet's atmosphere. And that particle flow can raise Uranus's temperature. 

The atmosphere forms most of Uranus ' mass. The temperature of that atmosphere is about 45 Kelvin. And its top temperature is about 50 Kelvin. Or, 50 degrees over absolute zero. Hydrogen, maybe methane, and helium form that atmosphere. In theories, there was a small rocky planet somewhere in the Kuiper Belt, or in some theories, Uranus was a rogue planet that collected its atmosphere around it in extremely stable conditions. In extremely stable conditions, the small planet can collect a huge gas shell around it. The tilt axis of Uranus supports the theory that it could be some kind of rogue planet. The thing that makes Uranus interesting is that it's lighter than it should be. Neptune is far heavier, and that causes discussions about the origin of Uranus, which is the same size but far lighter than Neptune. 

The internal radioactive material, like radioactive potassium, can form an internal temperature that is measurable on Earth. Uranus’s atmosphere is far colder than Earth's, and that means that IR systems can detect that thermal source more easily than on warmer planets. The other thing is that the layers in Uranus's atmosphere don’t move at the same speed. The difference between the speeds of the atmosphere’s layers can cause friction. The laying axle of that planet means that Uranus acts like a locked planet. The temperature difference between night and day causes massive winds in its atmosphere. Uranus' rotation is 17 hours 14 minutes. But because the planet’s tilt is 82 degrees, that means Uranus turns its other pole to the Sun. 

The other explanation can be that the wind in the Uranus atmosphere forms friction at the point where gas meets ice or liquid form. That means the energy source can be in friction in the liquid or gas layers in Uranus’s structures. In models, there is liquid gas around the icy layer that surrounds the rocky layer. When energy from the sun hits Uranus's atmosphere, it raises its temperature. The thing that makes gas move is the difference in temperatures in the atmosphere. Even if Uranus has no solid surface, there can be structures that can cause friction in that planet’s atmosphere. The secrets of Uranus are big. There might be many secrets that wait for their finder in that icy and mysterious world's atmosphere. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-hidden-heat-source-on-uranus-just-changed-what-we-know-about-planets/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus

The universe, its particles, and quantum fields.

"New research suggests that collapsing stars may serve as natural laboratories to uncover hidden neutrino behavior, with potential implications for the birth of black holes and neutron stars. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, The Universe’s Most Elusive Particles Might Be Talking to Themselves)

Wave-particle duality (WPD) means that particles can turn into energy and vice versa: energy or energy fields can turn into particles. WPD means that particles are only the denser points in the quantum fields. The fact is that the particles require quantum fields for their existence. Without those quantum fields, there is no resistance that can push particles into their form. And that means if we take quantum fields out, energy flows away from particles, ripping them into pieces. And that turns particles into wave movement or quantum fields. Dark energy can form in some sub-particle structures that are too small to detect. 

But anyway, if a particle goes out from the universe, it turns into a wave immediately. And that makes it hard to detect anything outside the universe. The temperature outside the universe is unknown, but it's lower than 3K radiation or Planck radiation. It might be lower than the thermal minimum in the universe. And if that energy level is lower than the thermal minimum, 0K or -273.15C. That means energy can travel only out of the universe. That makes it impossible to observe things outside the universe. 

The most elusive particles in the universe can play an important role in neutron star and black hole formation. 

Neutrinos are almost massless particles. Their interaction with other particles is very weak. And that makes them travel through planets without touching anything. But today, researchers noticed a new interaction between neutrinos. That means a neutrino can interact with other neutrinos. And that makes those elusive particles more interesting than they were before. When a neutrino travels through objects, it takes some part of the quantum fields with it. That means those quantum fields transfer energy to the neutrino when it travels through them. 

Can the gravitational version of the Meissner effect be possible? In that gravitational Meissner effect, gravitational waves act like electromagnetic fields in the Meissner effect. And can this kind of effect also explain why neutrino interaction is so weak? The case where EM-fields travel past the particle that turns them denser than that thing allows the particle tunnel itself through walls? So is the spin of the neutrino so fast that a similar effect to the Meissner effect can make it almost weightless. If a neutrino hovers in an EM-pocket, it's hard to detect. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner-effect) Tc=Temperature Critical. Could there be a similar critical level to gravity?

In the theoretical model, the gravitational waves in extremely dense, fast-spinning particles can act in the same way as electromagnetic fields act in the so-called Meissner effect.  That theoretical phenomenon can be called the gravitational Meissner effect. Or the antigravity. 

If the gravitational Meissner effect exists, that thing can make gravitational levitation possible. The idea is that the fast-spinning particle can turn into a quantum-sized black hole. And that thing makes it possible that gravitational waves travel past the particle. The gravitational Meisner effect can explain some details about black holes. Radiation that travels past those objects closes them inside the radiation bag. So the thing that makes black holes special is that regular and quantum gravity are connected in them. The fast-spinning, extremely dense objects can create a situation where they don't let gravitational waves travel through them. That thing can make the gravitational Meissner effect possible. 

When a neutrino beam travels through the star, that thing can act like airflow that travels through rooms. The neutrino beam takes energy with it. And that decreases the temperature in the star's core. That thing can cause a very dangerous situation when the energy level decreases in the star’s core and the route of the neutrinos. When the energy level decreases, that means the energy that can resist gravity turns lower. And that neutrino beam can cause situations that start to explode sooner than it should. When the energy level decreases, that means the star's outer layers start to fall to its core, and that can cause extreme peaks in the energy production. 

Can a neutrino be the thing that glues quantum and regular gravity together? The idea in quantum gravity is that some kind of radiation or small particles that travel through the particles turns them cold. When something takes energy away from an object, outgoing energy tries to replace that energy. That movement continues until energy levels inside and outside the object are at the same level. In some models, the spin of particles binds quantum fields to them. 

That means particles turned those fields into kinetic energy. The energy that the particle binds pulls other particles to that thing. So, theoretically, a quantum-sized black hole requires that the spin of the particle turns so high. 

When large and dense groups of particles spin, they bind lots of energy into them. Without that spin, that particle’s existence ends. The question is, where do particles put the energy that they store? The outside quantum field pushes structure into its form. If that quantum field turns too weak relative to the structure, the energy that comes out from the structure destroys it. The question is, could the extremely fast-spinning quantum black hole emit gravitational radiation past it? That causes an interesting question about the gravitational Meissner effect's existence. If that Meissner effect's gravitational version exists, that means the gravitational levitation can turn into reality.   

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/quantum-fields-quantum-particles/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-most-elusive-particles-might-be-talking-to-themselves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

 

What kind of tools does the next-generation particle research need?

"Although there are many novel proposals for new particle colliders, including in China, at CERN, and at Fermilab, the question of whether to build a circular machine, a linear lepton collider, or to pursue a novel muon collider all remain options on the table. In an ideal world, we’d get a linear machine to study the Higgs and the electroweak phase transition with great precision, and then a circular machine to collide hadrons at even higher energies. But funding, political realities, and popular opinion will also play a major role in determining what decisions get made."  (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

The problem with particle accelerators is that they cannot grow endlessly. Things like the Large Hadron Collider, LHC are operating at their ultimate energy level. And that means there must be new particle accelerators and colliders for new results. That means the LHC’s “only” big discovery was the Higgs boson. Sometimes researchers discuss the possibility that the Higgs boson that the LHC found may not be the Higgs boson that physicist Peter Higgs predicted. The LHC detected a new boson, but it's possible that the Higgs boson’s energy level was too low compared to the energy level that Peter Higgs predicted for his boson. The question is was the LHC found the same Higgs boson that Peter Higgs predicted? 

But confirming that thing is harder than anybody predicted. The existence of the Higgs boson is so short that it’s hard to observe. But there is a so-called small asymmetry that means that there can be some other particle inside that boson. The new particle accelerator called the Future Circular Collider, FCC, would need at least 100 kilometers in diameter to really make the new science. And maybe in the distant future, the Earth will get a new ring. 

That ring is the particle accelerator that can give answers to the deepest questions like where gravity really comes from? The high-energy particle accelerators are required to shoot the smallest and highest-energy particles out. There are tested things like accelerated particles using laser rays and photons that kick electrons and positrons forward. In some visions, the particle accelerator can be two particle accelerators. The annihilator explosions around the internal accelerator could pump more energy into particles. Or in other versions photons that kick electrons and positrons forward will be created using annihilation. When the system pushes electrons forward the system explodes antimatter behind them.

"The first muon ever detected, along with other cosmic ray particles, was determined to be the same charge as the electron, but hundreds of times heavier, due to its speed and radius of curvature. The muon was the first of the heavier generations of particles to be discovered, dating all the way back to the 1930s." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"Bubble chamber tracks from Fermilab, revealing the charge, mass, energy, and momentum of the particles and antiparticles created. This recreates similar conditions to what was present during the Big Bang, where matter and antimatter can both be readily created from pure energy. At the highest energies, all particles and antiparticles can be created, but at energies corresponding to “only” a temperature of ~10 billion K or so, electron-positron pairs can still be spontaneously created." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"The Future Circular Collider (in blue) would overlap slightly with the current Large Hadron Collider, but requires an additional ring (and tunnel) somewhere upward of 80 km in circumference: dwarfing the LHC’s current 27 km circumference. Bigger tunnels and stronger magnets are needed for a more energetic hadron collider, with the FCC proposing ~16 T magnets, approximately double the LHC’s current magnet strength."  (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"This illustration shows a hypothetical ring around the Earth, which could represent a particle accelerator even larger than the Earth’s circumference. With approximately ~1500 times the radius of the Large Hadron Collider, such an accelerator, even with only slightly more advanced magnet technology, would be thousands of times more powerful. A particle accelerator that was merely a factor of ~10 more powerful than the LHC could potentially shed tremendous light on the matter-antimatter asymmetry puzzle."  (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"In this artistic rendering, an active, supermassive black hole whose jet points at us (a blazar) is accelerating protons to extreme energy, producing pions as daughter particles, which in turn produce neutrinos and gamma rays. Extreme events in energy are thought to be generated by processes occurring around the largest supermassive black holes known in the Universe when they’re actively feeding. The energies of these cosmic rays vastly exceed those achieved in terrestrial accelerators." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

 

"By taking a hot air balloon up to high altitudes, far higher than could be achieved by simply walking, hiking, or driving to any location, scientist Victor Hess was able to use a detector to demonstrate the existence and reveal the components of cosmic rays. In many ways, these early expeditions, dating back to 1912, marked the birth of cosmic ray astrophysics." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

High Altitude Airship, HAA concept (Space.com)

The MQ-4 drone

It’s possible that the AI helps to predict the point where the highest energy particles hit the atmosphere. Or the point where high-energy cosmic bursts travel. If the system can predict those high-energy bursts places and times it helps to fly the system to receive those signals. The high-flying balloons, drones, and airships can collect those high-energy particles with their sensors. If the system is automated, that saves pilots from the cosmic radiation. 

The system that uses annihilator photon acceleration can collect that antimatter from the solar wind. The system transforms electrons that hit the accelerator’s shell into antimatter. And when there is enough antimatter that system can detonate those particles. The antimatter can give extremely high energy impacts to the particle accelerators and create ultra-high temperature plasma. High-flying aircraft can also collect antimatter from the high atmosphere. In that case, the system uses the chamber where the wall is made of gold. When high-energy particles like electrons hit that chamber the gold layer transforms them into anti-electrons. 

The problem with particle accelerators is when an electron or any other particle turns its direction in the circular collider it releases photons. That means when the direction of the particle changes it loses its energy. The spaceborne systems can use solar panels to get energy for the annihilators. Then the main energy source for those monster colliders is annihilation. But those visions are far, far away in the future. That kind of system could require rings that are larger than Earth's trajectory around the Sun. 

The problem is that when the new systems operate always within its highest possible energy level the new science requires new accelerators. And the size of the accelerators cannot endlessly grow. And the particle accelerator that surrounds Earth requires the ultimate change in the political environment. And there is always the possibility that something goes wrong. 

So, maybe. The futuristic extremely large particle accelerators will be created far away from Earth. Because if there is a small metal bite like iron dust in the accelerator and then somebody puts it on, that iron bite can impact the particle accelerator's walls causing a terrible situation where lots of energy will be released. 

There is always the possibility of using things like cosmic high-energy bursts to make the energy that rises above the energy level that particle accelerators can get from Earth. The energy level of those cosmic energy bursts is ultimately high. But the problem is that those cosmic energy beams and particles that ride in them are hard to predict. Cosmic energy bursts happen all the time. But for collecting those energy bursts the system requires a precise place and time where that energy beam travels. 

The high-flying aircraft can also collect and detect cosmic radiation and particles that arrive in the Earth's atmosphere. Maybe artificial intelligence,  AI can help to locate the points where the highest energy particles hit. And if the system can predict the time when those particles hit, that allows it to transfer aircraft to collect those particles into its sensors. The fact is that drones or high-flying airships can make that mission. The fully automated system saves pilots from the cosmic radiation. And that thing makes it possible to create new methods to observe the highest energy particles in the universe. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/particle-physics-continue-last-collider/

https://www.space.com/28132-nasa-airship-challenge.html

Quarks, gluons, and symmetry.

"A recent experiment led by Mississippi State physicist Dipangkar Dutta has shaken one of physics’ most reliable concepts: symmetry. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Rethinking the Universe: New Findings Rewrite Rules of Subatomic Matter)

The new research breaks the rules of physics. When an electron collides with quarks, it will not always decay and reassemble symmetrically. That means there is a problem with symmetry in the quarks. The Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state in the same system, explains many aspects of the existence of atoms and subatomic particles.

Because those particle's energy levels are different. That difference causes energy flow. That keeps them in their entirety. 

If there are two identical fermions. That causes the quantum flash that pushes those particles away. When quarks decay they can reassemble themselves. That requires that both of those parts are in the same quantum field. 

That quantum field is like the bag that denies the quantum shadow, or quantum bridge fill. That quantum shadow pulls those quark's halves back together. But there seems to be a situation where when an electron hits quakes the quantum field fills that bridge. If a quantum field turns between parts of a decayed quark, that field denies their reassembly. 

There is also the possibility that if those decayed parts of the quarks spin oppositely that event turns the quantum field between those particles into a shape that looks like twisted fabric. That means the energy density or energy level between those particles rises so high, that they cannot cross that bridge. That is one of the most interesting things in modern physics. That helps researchers make models about the strong interaction. 

Because energy travels from quarks to gluons. Gluon aims for energy flow to the outside. Because energy travels from quark to gluon, that acts like a thermal pump. It keeps those quarks close to each other. The reason why gluons can bind quarks together is that it cannot get energy from emptiness. It collects that energy from the system where it exists. 

The idea is that quarks spin. The spinning quarks also bind energy into them. The problem is that those quarks sometimes release that energy. That happens when their energy level turns higher than their environment. The gluon is like a thermal pump that aims for energy that the quarks release. 

That means the gluon that is in the quantum shadow between quarks keeps the energy flowing in a certain direction and a certain way. Without gluons, the quarks release their energy symmetrically, and that energy flash pushes those quarks away from each other. The gluon's role in the system is to keep energy flow stable. Because it binds energy from the quark's quantum fields it pulls them into it. That thing causes a situation in which the outside energy starts to push those quarks into the form that we call hadrons. So energy flow between quarks keeps that structure in its form. 

The idea is that the gluon is an extremely fast-spinning particle. That is a little bit flat. That particle binds quantum fields from quarks into the kinetic energy. When quarks come close to each other there forms a quantum (or energy) shadow between them. When gluon spins in that energy shadow it binds energy. 

And deepens that quantum low pressure. This thing stretches those quark's energy fields. Then the fast-spinning gluon binds those fields into themselves. Then the gluon acts like a centrifugal plate that aims energy to the sides of it. Because gluon conducts energy out from the system it pulls those quarks together. Or, otherwise, we can say that outcoming energy pushes quarks near each other. 

If we use a superstring model with gluon that thing looks like the plate that is formed of the strings or wires. Or, otherwise, it looks like a flat whisk. Those wires, or superstrings throw quantum fields to the sides of that particle. The gluon allows the quantum spikes that the quarks stretch quantum field forms to touch the gluon. The gluon aims energy out from them. And that forms quantum low-pressure. 

The strong interaction is the thing that keeps protons and neutrons in their form. In those hadrons, the outcoming energy or quantum fields push quarks so that they can keep their formation in hadrons. That means there is so-called quantum low-pressure that keeps quarks in the forms of protons and neutrons. 

There are models where the gluon. The strong interaction transmitting particle spins between those quarks. That means gluon binds energy into itself. When gluon touches the quantum field around it binds that field into the kinetic energy. That energy pulls the quarks together. When gluon goes between quarks. It pulls energy from the quark's quantum fields. That thing makes those fields stretch. And the gluon simply conducts energy out from that point. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rethinking-the-universe-new-findings-rewrite-rules-of-subatomic-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

The universe is not symmetric.

"The Standard Model particles and their (hypothetical) supersymmetric counterparts. This spectrum of particles is an inevitable consequence of unifying the four fundamental forces in the context of string theory, but if string theory and supersymmetry are not relevant for our Universe, this picture will serve as a mathematical curiosity only." (BigThink, The Universe is not symmetric)

The universe is not symmetric. Things like galaxies, black holes, and other gravity centers pull the plasma that forms the universe into a form that looks a little bit like an amoeba. 

The galaxy clusters can make potholes in the Universe's outer shell. That makes it look a little bit like the golf ball or some circular saw blades if the universe's geometry is not the ball. 

There are two geometric shapes in the universe. The local and global geometry. The local geometry might seem to be the ball. But the global geometry might be like the galaxy. 

The ball that we see as the universe could be only part of the structure. Outside that ball can be the structure that looks like the DVD plate. One of the reasons, why we cannot see that material disk is that the shine of the galaxies covers that lower energy material disk under it. 

This is one of the reasons why the multiverse is very hard to prove. If we think. That is in the ball-shaped part of the universe. The Higgs Field is the base energy level. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space." (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature

(Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Only if Ω > 1 or the universe is spherical the reborn of the universe can happen. In that case, the material drops into the middle of the universe. And that should make the reborn of the universe possible. When that ultimate black hole goes into absolute vacuum, it should detonate. 

The hypothetical material disk around the ball-shaped center has a lower energy level than the Higgs Field. And then the energy level of the fields outside the universe is even lower than this material disk's energy level. In that case, the energy that comes from other hypothetical universes should travel over at least two main energy barriers.

Then that energy or radiation must travel across the energy barrier that surrounds the galactic cluster, the Milky Way, and finally the Sun. That energy barrier series means that proving the other universe's existence requires that those other hypothetical universes will be at a very high energy level. 

There is a possibility, that four fundamental interactions (Gravity, electromagetism, weak interaction, strong interaction) separated after the Big Bang a little bit different distances from that point. "The idea of unification holds that all three of the Standard Model forces, and perhaps even gravity at higher energies, are unified together in a single framework. This idea, although it remains popular and mathematically compelling, does not have any direct evidence in support of its relevance to reality." (BigThink, The Universe is not symmetric)

The idea of the Grand Unified Theory, GUT is this. All four fundamental forces have different wavelengths. The black hole or extremely powerful gravitation or energy wave can press those four fundamental interactions together. In that model, all four fundamental interactions are pressed into one common wavelength. That wavelength unites the four fundamental interactions. 

The disturbance in the shape of the universe's local geometries causes problems with calculations. If we think that we are in the middle of the quantum field, or Higgs field, which is the base energy field in the universe, we can say that things like black holes and other kinds of things can cause asymmetry in that field. The black hole should pull Higgs Field inside it. 

And that thing causes movements in that field. When black holes and other things pull and move that field. That causes stronger and weaker waves in that field. When a black hole pulls the field inside it. That means. There is less field left. If the energy field is gas or water, we could say. That there are points in that field with lower density. That means there are so-called false vacuums in that field. 

Those false vacuums or lower energy points in the energy field make it possible that the waves and fields are moving. When the Big Bang event happened, we can say that this event were multiple cases where energy fields started to travel out from a certain point. If there was a point that created the lower energy point. That caused the situation there energy started to make whirls around that point. 

The small lower energy points make the waves. And then those crossing waves make the asymmetry. When we think about the shape of the Big Bang there could be some kind of hole in the absolutely straight and stable energy field. When that energy pothole turns deep enough it causes collapse. That collapse formed the energy tower that also collapsed. 

The situation is similar to cases. In which somebody throws a stone in the water. 

That stone transfers energy to water and pushes the hole into the water. And when that hole fills. That causes the form of the water statue. That water statue falls. Causing the wave movement. Maybe the Big Bang event. Or, its beginning is the fallen energy pothole in the energy field. The question is where did that pothole come from? 

If we follow the form of the black hole models there is the possibility that the pothole formed the bubble or vacuumed the static energy field. When that bubble collapses that can cause the wave movement that travels around that place. The vacuum that collapses collects energy at one point. That thing can cause the reflection effect there that packed energy escapes from that point. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-symmetric/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything

Quantum entanglement, and non-symmetrical quantum teleportation.

"A groundbreaking experiment captures the speed of quantum entanglement, paving the way for advancements in secure communication and quantum technology." (Sustainability-times.com/"Faster Than Anything Ever Seen”: Mind-Blowing Speed of Quantum Entanglement Measured for the First Time in Scientific History)

The new breakthroughs in quantum entanglement research can revolutionize this kind of technology. The ability to introduce quantum entanglement mathematically opens the roads to more trustable quantum computing. Quantum entanglement is the thing that carries information with incredible speed. Quantum entanglement is a prime element in quantum teleportation. 

In quantum teleportation, information can travel with incredible speed. The reason for that is this. When things like laser beams make the superposition and entanglement between particles they form the quantum shadow or quantum channel between those particles. That quantum channel is the "lightweight, or electromagnetic wormhole, channel through the quantum fields. 

"MIT scientists created a powerful new coupler that speeds up how quantum computers measure and process information. It could lead to real-world quantum machines that operate with far fewer errors. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitchDaily, Supercharged Qubits: How MIT’s Quarton Coupler Accelerates Quantum Computing)

Then the transmitting particle is at a higher energy level than the receiving particle sends a string through that channel. Information that travels between those particles travels in those strings. If we would see that information it's like wave movement in that string. 

The electromagnetic shadow is the reason why light can travel faster between those particles than outside that shadow. So the question is can we someday make teleportation for some devices or maybe even humans? 

"Researchers demonstrated extremely strong nonlinear light-matter coupling in a quantum circuit. Stronger coupling enables faster readout and operations using qubits, which are the fundamental units of information in quantum computing. Credit: Christine Daniloff, MIT" (ScitechDaily,  Supercharged Qubits: How MIT’s Quarton Coupler Accelerates Quantum Computing)

Things like quantum teleportation between protons and other complex, asymmetrical systems tell us that theoretically, teleportation is possible. If we want to teleport things like cars we should only make a string that is larger than the thing, that the system wants to teleport. So the car must fit into that string that should carry it from point A to point B. That is the great problem with teleportation. Making strings that are large enough, that thing requires powerful systems and dense materials can make the uniform string. 

There is the possibility that this kind of material exists only in black holes. In some visions, the spinning extremely dense materials can make the string that can transport complex systems and structures between two superpositioned and entangled particle entiretities. But the problem is this: the quantum entanglement forms between quarks or atoms. 

"Researchers have cracked a key mathematical challenge in quantum entanglement distillation, offering new hope for purer quantum states vital for quantum computing and communication. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Code Cracked: Scientists Solve 20-Year Puzzle Behind Entanglement Purity)

In that case, the system should make that superposition and entanglement between two entireties. There is the possibility that the system can make the energy bubble, like a soap bubble over the entirety. Then the system shoots laser rays over that structure. The energy beam stretches that energy bubble. And forms the channel between points A and B. Then the vacuum pulls that object through that channel. 

The second problem is where that energy balloon or bubble comes from. If that thing forms inside the structure it will crush it immediately. If we can make a ball-shaped energy field around the capsule that is powerful enough that thing could make complex-system teleportation possible. But those things can happen in the distant future. Today teleportation is only a theoretical thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-code-cracked-scientists-solve-20-year-puzzle-behind-entanglement-purity/

https://scitechdaily.com/supercharged-qubits-how-mits-quarton-coupler-accelerates-quantum-computing/

https://www.sustainability-times.com/in-depth/faster-than-anything-ever-seen-mind-blowing-speed-of-quantum-entanglement-measured-for-the-first-time-in-scientific-history/

Dark matter might not be as dark as we believed.

"A new “cosmic radio” detector could soon pick up signals from axions — potential dark matter particles — bringing scientists closer than ever to solving the mystery of the unseen mass in our universe. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter May Be a Frequency – And We’re About to Dial It In)

Because dark matter can have size its radiation has wavelength. Dark matter can have a frequency. And it's possible that researchers can detect it. The problem is that nobody knows the size of the hypothetical WIMP, weakly interacting massive particles. That can explain dark matter. But the question is: how can the matter turn "dark"? The Higgs field model. A so-called "sombrero model" can answer that question.  The idea is that all particles in the universe are in the top of a form that looks like a sombrero. The particle is on the energy hill and the energy ditch surrounds that particle. 

That structure is one of the reasons. Why do the particles turn into wave movement?  The energy falls from the energy hill to the energy ditch. And sooner or later that energy can fill that ditch. In that case, the particle's existence as particle ends. When energy travels out from a particle it must fall first to the energy ditch and then rise to the outer edge of the structure. 

Otherwise, if the energy level outside the particle or that sombrero structure is higher.

It travels into the structure. And finally to the particle. 

But before that energy must travel across the energy ditch. If energy hits straight to the particle without following the shape of that ditch. It will hit particles with a higher energy level. When energy will not follow the shape of the ditch it will not release its energy to the structure. 

Long-wave radiation jumps over the energy ditch straight to the particle. And that is one of the reasons. Why longwave radiation is more destructive than shortwave radiation. 

Then it must rise to another side of that ditch. Energy is always on the move. It always travels to the lower energy area. 

Can we see the particle? That depends on one thing. The particle that is the energy hill must be higher than the edge of the energy ditch. When a particle spins or rotates it ties energy in itself. Energy cannot come from emptiness. A particle that spins on the energy hill pulls energy from that hill and transforms it into kinetic energy. When a particle pulls energy from the energy hill it turns the energy hill lower. When we think about the situation that particle turns invisible. 

It collects so much energy inside it that it falls below the edge of the "sombrero". In that case is possible that energy starts to travel over that pothole. And that thing can turn the particle invisible. Maybe there is a small energy hill or collar around that structure. There is a possibility that this energy collar gives a small echo but it's so weak that we cannot separate that from around it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-may-be-a-frequency-and-were-about-to-dial-it-in/

Did CERN find a new particle?

"Physicists may have caught a glimpse of the elusive “toponium,” a particle so fleeting and compact it defied expectations of ever being seen. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, A Signal Too Strange to Ignore – And It May Reveal a New Kind of Matter)

"Intriguing signs from CERN hint at a never-before-seen form of matter – one that could be the tiniest particle cluster ever detected." (ScitechDaily, A Signal Too Strange to Ignore – And It May Reveal a New Kind of Matter)

"Top quarks, typically too short-lived to pair up, may have briefly bonded into a mysterious object known as toponium. This unexpected observation challenges assumptions about particle behavior at the LHC and could reshape how physicists explore the quantum frontier." (ScitechDaily, A Signal Too Strange to Ignore – And It May Reveal a New Kind of Matter)

It's possible that the CERN researchers found the mythic Toponium. The Toponium is one of the quarkoniums. "In particle physics, quarkonium (from quark and -onium, pl. quarkonia) is a flavorless meson whose constituents are a heavy quark and its own antiquark, making it both a neutral particle and its own antiparticle. The name "quarkonium" is analogous to positronium, the bound state of electron and anti-electron. The particles are short-lived due to matter-antimatter annihilation." (Wikipedia, quarkonium)

The bound state of the top quark and its antiquark that the strong nuclear force connects together. Normally, in the modern universe, the top quark doesn't have time to create hadrons. 

The top quark is a so high-energy particle. That it doesn't have time to make a bound state with other quarks. 

But in extremely high-energy environments is possible. That the top quark makes bound states with bottom quarks. 

In the very young universe where the energy level was much, much higher, it's possible that the top quarks formed hadrons that do not exist anymore. Today the top quark vaporizes so fast, that it cannot make hadrons in a regular universe. It's possible that the top quark can make hadrons in an environment where the extremely hot quark-gluon soup interacts. 

Toponium's quark structure (Wikipedia commons)

The Hubble tension. 

In the history of the universe. There was an event. That accelerated the universe's expansion. That thing can happen. Because a large number of particles decay or vaporize at a certain point in history. That released lots of energy into the universe. That image is from Scientific American and demonstrates how the universe expanded before the birth of galaxies. 

The thing that can solve the Hubble Tension and cosmology crisis is that the universe spins around the mass center. There is a theory that in the middle of the universe is the hyper-large black hole that formed just after the Big Bang. If that mass center exists the universe can spin around it. Things like the dark flow and dark fluid can support that theory. 

There is the possibility. The new experiments open new visions to the top quark research. The Toponium would be meson there the top quark makes a bound state with its anti-quark. The extremely fast spin keeps those particles away from each other. If that observation about Toponium is true this thing can bring new information about the early universe and particles that are gone when the universe turns colder. In the young universe could be things like material like hadrons that formed other quarks than up and down quarks. 

It's possible that the "super energy hydrogen" could exist in the very early universe. That hypothetical thing formed for example top and bottom quarks and muon. That orbited that thing. Maybe that exotic material exists in the black hole's relativistic jet. But in other places, those particles are gone forever. 

When we think about the Hubble Tension and the lost particles, we can think. The suddenly accelerated expansion of the universe can be caused by some particles releasing energy when they or part of them released energy. When some particles decay that thing causes the fast energy release into the universe. 

https://phys.org/news/2025-04-slowly-universe-hubble-tension.html

https://scitechdaily.com/a-signal-too-strange-to-ignore-and-it-may-reveal-a-new-kind-of-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarkonium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model