3D-printed glass can make concrete suitable for space stations.

3D-printed concrete is one of the most futuristic materials. Space concrete made using extraterrestrial dust is twice as hard as concrete made using Earth dust, making it useful for space stations. However, there is no atmosphere in space, making space concrete problematic to create. The thing is that the space concrete might be far different than we expected. One of the things that makes concrete useful tools for space stations is the regular space station. There astronauts can make concrete bricks. Then they must just connect those bricks into the larger scale structures. That kind of thing can make better armor against micrometeorites. 

Another thing that can make the 3D printable concrete in space is the large lens. That lens can turn the space dust into a glass structure. And there those builders can put sand and dust. The solar lens will melt the stone, and theoretically, that glass or melted stone can be used for making glass for 3D printers. Solar power systems can also make it possible to decrease the emissions that concrete-making causes. The 3D printable concrete will be the new thing in the building technology. If researchers can replace stone powder and water using melted stone, that thing can be the next generation of building material. 

Large lenses (or parabolic mirrors) can also warm water or some other liquids in the tubes. And that makes them suitable for solar generator power sources. Those large lenses heat water that rotates generators. The solar panels are withdrawn solar generators. But the lenses that heat water can be used in regular power plants. That makes it possible to combine those systems with existing technology. 

Some research tells us that concrete will be a suitable material for space structures. That thing means it's suitable for moonbases, and other stations in a gravitational environment. Engineers can use it also in space stations that hover the zero gravity environment. The 3D-printed concrete structures can be easier to replace than some traditional space station materials. The system must just inject glass or melted stone into the damaged point. Space dust is a good material for that concrete because it's easy to find. That is one of the most important things if we want to move to an asteroid belt and build structures there. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-concrete-made-from-extra-terrestrial-dust-is-twice-as-strong-as-regular-concrete/

The next-generation biological solar cell could be useful in green energy. And in the power supply of manned space stations

Right) "The ice plant succulent shown here can become a living solar cell and power a circuit using photosynthesis. Credit: Adapted from ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15123" (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Have Developed a Living “Bio-Solar Cell” That Runs on Photosynthesis)

The long-term space mission that is limited inside the asteroid belt is also challenging. The spacecraft or space stations can travel between Mars and earth by using ion motors that get their electricity from solar panels. Also, the Mars- and moon stations can use solar panels for energy production. The same technology that is used in Mars or Moon stations can use in the isolated research stations on Earth. 

And places like Antarctica can use to develop this kind of technology. The idea is that those stations are used to test things like closed-cycle life-support. If food can produce at the moon station, that radically decreases its costs. And moon station can use to test the technology, that is needed for the Mars station. 

There is a possibility that spacecraft or space station gets at least part of their electricity from a biological source. In this case, biological solar cells can use along with regular solar panels. When we think about the use of biological solar panels at isolated places, that thing makes the station more energy efficient than before. Even in the dark seasons the ability to recycle part of the energy that is used in the greenhouse. 

That is producing food is making the system more energy efficient. The solar-power can use along with things like wind generators. And in the summertime in Antarctica, the operators can fix wind generators when solar panels are used to make electricity. Also, biological solar panels can recycle part of the energy that is used in greenhouses. 

But the thing is that the living solar cells that are photosynthetic and can create electricity from living vegetables are an interesting alternative. In that case, the same system can create electricity, it can clean the air by using photosynthesis. And that kind of living solar cell can also offer nutrients for the spacecraft's or space station's crew. That thing allows using limited space more effectively than otherwise. 

Developing green energy is important. And always at the beginning of the system is in small-scale systems. But then those systems can escalate to everyday use.  

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-developed-a-living-bio-solar-cell-that-runs-on-photosynthesis/

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

What if we someday colonize Moon?

What if we someday colonize Moon?

What if we would someday build the city on the moon? This is a very interesting question, and one thing what is against this kind of plans is the weak gravity of the Moon. If we would sometimes create a stable settlement to Moon, we are facing the thing, that we cannot live there a very long time, if we would not visit Earth very often. If colonists are borning children on the Moon, the problem would be that the weak gravity would make bones and muscles of that person weak, and if a person would live a long time at colony, or born there and spend all the life on the Moon, that means that coming to Earth will be painful.

Maybe in the future, we must realize, that in some colonies is living people, whoever visited on Earth. But before we can make moon colonies, we must realize, that there are massive earthquakes on the surface of the Moon. Those earth- or moonquakes can danger the entire structure of the Moon. The problem with moon colonies is the lack of the ozone layer and the cosmic radiation can cause cancer and chromosome mutations to the colonialists if they are spending too much time in that moon city.

But the main problem is the weak gravity and dust, which causes many problems with the instruments. If the moondust would fly to some surface, like solar panels the removing of that thing is extremely difficult. On the Earth, we might use the pressurized air for that purpose, but on the Moon, we should concern the gas of the base, because if we cannot produce oxygen on the Moon, we must bring all necessary gas from Earth. 

The problem with the artificial atmosphere is that oxygen is not alone enough to make space stations safe. Pure oxygen would make the moon station very dangerous because if there would some kind of spark, the fire would turn to the explosion, and that thing would be lethal. So if we would want to make an artificial atmosphere, we must follow the structure of the Earth's atmosphere. Or the place would be very dangerous because pure oxygen turns almost every material highly inflammable.

So normally we would clean the surfaces by using pressurized air, and in the sharp optics like telescopes mirrors the pressurized air is the only thing, which is suitable for that kind of works. But on the Moon, we cannot use pressurized air or water to clean surfaces, and if we would want to use rockets to travel between Earth and Moon the dust would fly everywhere. And that's why the rockets must be replaced with magnetic accelerators, what will deny the rise of the dust. The thing is that one rocket launch would not be a problem, but if there would be thousands of launches per year, the dust would cover all surfaces. And that will cause the problems for solar panels.

If the futuristic moon city would use solar power, there must be made two or four solar power stations to the surface of the Moon, because the power supply must be guaranteed also when there is nigh on the Moon. And that makes the building complicated. And the thing is that there could be some kind of observatory on the Moon, which supports it's a scientific benefit. But the thing is that the Moon is a very good source to helium 3 production. 

Helium 3 is planned to use in the fusion reactors, and that thing is a very common element on the Moon. On the Earth, it is very rare, and that is one thing, what supports the creation of Moon colonies because that isotope is stored on the dust of Moon. But there is one thing, what is not calculated. That thing is that some scientists have claimed that the Moon would become too light when the material would be carried to the Earth during centuries, and this thing causes changes to the tide. And at least the dust is ending, and the new source to helium 3 must be found, but this thing is another story.

At last, I must say, that helium 3 is a very common element of the Moon, but we cannot drink or eat it. And the people in that space colony need something to drink and eat. If we think that we need to bring every single drop of water from Earth, we must recycle that material very sharply. Of course, we could create water from oxygen and hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most common material in the universe, but the problem is that we must get oxygen from something, that we could create water synthetically. And in that space city, we must grow vegetables for food, that everything would not need to bring from Earth