Two planets collided in a distant solar system.

“Lead author Andy Tzanidakis’ rendering of the planetary collision he suspects occurred around star Gaia20ehk in 2021. Credit: Andy Tzanidakis” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Just Saw Two Planets Collide Around a Distant Star)

"While reviewing archived telescope observations from 2020, astronomer Anastasios (Andy) Tzanidakis noticed something unusual. A star that normally should behave in a predictable way was showing strange changes in brightness."(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Just Saw Two Planets Collide Around a Distant Star)

"The star, called Gaia20ehk, lies about 11,000 light-years from Earth near the constellation Pupis. It is classified as a stable “main sequence” star similar to our sun, meaning its light should remain steady over time. Instead, the star began flickering dramatically."(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Just Saw Two Planets Collide Around a Distant Star)

“The star’s light output was nice and flat, but starting in 2016 it had these three dips in brightness. And then, right around 2021, it went completely bonkers,” said Tzanidakis, a doctoral candidate in astronomy at the University of Washington. “I can’t emphasize enough that stars like our sun don’t do that. So when we saw this one, we were like ‘Hello, what’s going on here?’(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Just Saw Two Planets Collide Around a Distant Star)

"Star Gaia20ehk — seen here in the center of the orange crosshairs in the inset image — is roughly 11,000 light-years from Earth, near the constellation Pupis. Astronomers at the University of Washington conclude that observed flickering from the star is likely caused by a collision between two orbiting planets. Credit: NASA/NSF NOIRLab"(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Just Saw Two Planets Collide Around a Distant Star)

Nothing is as certain as uncertainty. This is a fact that we must realize. The star called Gaia20ehk lies 11000 light-years from our sun. That distant star is similar, and maybe the same age as the sun. Astronomers think that. They saw. Planets collide in that distant solar system. This is an interesting thing, because if that star system is as mature as our solar system, that raises an idea. That's the cosmic catastrophes. And even planetary-sized object collisions are possible even in mature solar systems. This is not the first case. These cosmic collisions destroy planets. The case of Formalhaut B could be a similar case, where the mature solar system faces catastrophe. Fortmalhaut b was almost confirmed as an exoplanet, but it suddenly disappeared. 

There is a planetary nebula at the point where Formalhaut b was, and that tells us. There was. Some kind of cosmic catastrophe. That destroyed the exoplanet. Its star, Formalhaut, is quite a young star, and its solar system is still in a chaotic period. The age of the star is about 440+-40 million years (myr). The age of the sun is about 4,6 billion years old. Things like rogue planets can destroy an entire solar system. And things like black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, or other stars. 

"Fomalhaut b as observed from 2004 to 2014. Previously thought to be an exoplanet, it is now known to be an expanding dust cloud." (Wikipedia, Fomalhaut b)

"The top graph shows brightness measurements (green and yellow dots) of star Gaia20ehk’s brightness in the visible light spectrum. Three small dips in brightness are apparent, followed by a more chaotic overall decline. The bottom graph shows measurements (pink, black and blue dots) of the star’s brightness in the infrared spectrum. The measurements show a sharp increase in infrared as the star’s visible brightness declines. In total, the observations suggest a collision between two planets in orbit around the star. Credit: Tzanidakis et al./The Astrophysical Journal Letters". (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Just Saw Two Planets Collide Around a Distant Star)

“A mass migration of stellar twins. Stars similar to our Sun form a mass migration from the center of the Milky Way, occurring approximately 4 to 6 billion years ago. Credit: NAOJ” (ScitechDaily, Our Sun May Have Escaped the Milky Way’s Dangerous Center Billions of Years Ago)

They can enter other solar systems, turning them into chaotic form. Those things are threats as well as mature and young solar systems. The thing that the Sun. It is maybe. Born near the center of our galaxy. There. Material whirls and denser materials are excellent for stellar formation. Proto stars pull material from around them. And that can cause turbulence in the material disk, or planetary nebula. This material flow. It can cause a situation. That environment that makes stellar formation possible. It is not so excellent for plantar formation. The radiation and particle flow near the galaxy, along with the denser stellar clusters and black holes, strip the material disks. From young stars. 

Causes discussions about the origins of planets, asteroids, and moons in our solar system. Our sun could trap some of those objects around it. The problem is how to separate objects. Those that were born in the dust disk around the sun from planets, moons, and asteroids whose origin is in the same nebula as our sun. Journey from the center of our galaxy is long, and our sun trapped lots of small and maybe large particles. But our sun also lost planets and other objects. 

If it had traveled past some other star. The thing. That pushed. The sun, away from the center of the Milky Way, is interesting. That eruption or gravitational effect required a lot of energy. So could the energy beam from the neutron star or black hole explain what made our sun travel to the location where it's now? The fact is that this kind of thing means that the Sun might lose many planets.  But there is a possibility that some planets in our solar system were rogue planets. One of the suspects is Uranus. But. In the young solar system, planets might change their places and trajectories. And that can open a new path. For searching for remnants of life from other planets and moons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-just-saw-two-planets-collide-around-a-distant-star/

https://scitechdaily.com/our-sun-may-have-escaped-the-milky-ways-dangerous-center-billions-of-years-ago/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut_b

Are the “red little dots” in the young universe so-called quasi-stars?

"By all rights, they shouldn’t exist. When NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) first opened its eyes to the distant past, it spotted hundreds of tiny, brilliant objects glowing red in the infant universe — just 600 million years after the Big Bang. These “little red dots,” as astronomers came to call them, gleamed with such surprising brightness and density that they seemed to defy the basic rules of cosmology."Mysterious red dots may be a peculiar cosmic hybrid between a star and a black hole."(ZmeScience, The Universe’s First “Little Red Dots” May Be a New Kind of Star With a Black Hole Inside")

Little red dots are the first star-shaped objects in the universe. There is a new theory that those little red dots can be so-called quasi-stars. Quasi-stars are hypothetical star-shaped objects that get their energy from the black hole inside them. But can those objects exist in the universe where we live? Or could they exist only in the young universe? 

The hypothetical quasi-stars are star-like objects that get their power from black holes inside them. The idea in quasi-stars is that those black holes can lock particles around the event horizon, forming objects that look like stars. For a long time, researchers thought that the quasi-stars could be very large stars. But there is one thing that makes those quasi-stars more interesting than ever before. That thing is the primordial black hole. In models, primordial black holes can be very small and lightweight. Those low-mass black holes can be very small. Also, things like black hole relativistic jets can press even planets into black holes. 

In Einstein’s models, every particle or object can turn into a black hole. That means there can be very small black holes. The smallest possible black holes, called quantum-size black holes, are quarks or gluons that energy presses into an extremely dense form. In some models, those quantum-size black holes can be in your room. They are so small that they cannot pull particles inside them. But there is a possibility that things like ultra-heavy neutron stars can involve black holes. 

(ZmeScience, The Universe’s First “Little Red Dots” May Be a New Kind of Star With a Black Hole Inside")

The hollow neutron shell can orbit the small black hole. The neutron structure will be locked around the event horizon. That neutron shell can rotate the black hole in a “safe distance”. That kind of object looks like a massive neutron star. But it would involve a black hole. The existence of that kind of thing can be proven in the cases where the neutron star seems too massive. 

Those black holes can be grapefruit-sized, extremely high-energy objects. In some models, quasi-stars are not possible in our universe. Except for those things formed in the early universe. Or there is also the possibility that the low mass black hole can form a quasi-star around it if that thing is in the dense supernova remnant. But there is also a possibility that an extremely low mass black hole can form a planet-shaped shell around it. In that case, the water molecules or things like metal or silicone crystals can form ball-shaped structures around them. 

There is a possibility that some very hot red dwarfs or stars like Spica could be the quasistars. The thing is that the small, low-mass black hole can still lurk in our solar system. And there is a possibility that this exciting object can hide under the icy shell of some dwarf planet. That is the thing that can make the “ninth planet” exist and explain why it cannot be seen from Earth. So there can be something very massive lurking in our solar system. 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/49910160

https://blog.sciandnature.com/2024/09/little-black-holes-in-our-solar-system.html

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/miniature-black-holes-could-be-hollowing-out-planets-and-zipping-through-our-bodies-new-study-claims

https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planet-x/

https://www.sciencealert.com/something-massive-could-still-be-hiding-in-the-shadows-of-our-solar-system

https://www.zmescience.com/science/news-science/the-universes-first-little-red-dots-may-be-a-new-kind-of-star-with-a-black-hole-inside/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star

The first exoplanet that JWST found has no atmosphere.

Above: Artist's impression of exoplanet LHS 475 b

Even the perfect size of an exoplanet doesn't guarantee that there are lifeforms. The exoplanet LHS 475 b is 99% of Earth. But the problem is that it doesn't have an atmosphere at all. Or an extremely thin atmosphere. In the last case, the planet captures star wind around it. That means the extremely thin atmosphere could be external. And that is a remarkable thing. The LHS 475 b orbits the red dwarf star in the Octans constellation 41 light years from Earth. 

 Even large rocky planets can be without an atmosphere. And that expands our knowledge of planets. The exoplanet LHS 475 b is the first exoplanet found by the JWST telescope. But that planet is extremely hostile to lifeforms. So even a large size doesn't guarantee that the exoplanet has an atmosphere. 

But the reason for the lost atmosphere is also interesting. The lack of atmosphere can be the reason for the lack of a magnetic field. In that case, the solar wind blows the atmosphere away. And if that thing is true, there is a possibility that the planet is a so-called "zombie world" where is no radioactive material left. 

And that thing means that the LHS 475 b could be a very old planet. There is a possibility that this exoplanet is sometimes born near some other star. And then supernova- or nova eruption pushed it away from its orbiter. Then another star could capture that rogue planet. Those kinds of things are making LHS 475 b very interesting. 

https://astrobiology.com/2023/01/webb-discovers-lhs-475-b-an-earth-sized-rocky-planet.html

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/no-atmosphere-jwst-exoplanet/

https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2023/102/01GNVWTAZKPVD1GNC0HZF52YTB

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Could the iron ore use as the antenna for radio telescopes?

Could the iron ore use as the antenna for radio telescopes?

Is it possible to transform the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian mountains iron ore the natural antennas for radio telescopes?

Could iron ore act as the natural antenna for radio-telescopes, and the answer is that in the iron ore is the same iron with the radio antennas. So if we would benefit natural deposits of iron ore, we must just check, that the radio waves are touching the ore, and then we must connect the amplifier system to the iron ore.

There is one little but a very interesting coincidence with the form of Big Ear(1) telescope and the terrain form of the United States of America. The mountain areas of the USA are like the antennas of the "Big Ear" telescope.

And sometimes has been introduced ideas, that the iron ore of the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian mountains can be used as the natural antenna for radio telescopes, which means that there is possible to create "Bigger Ear" telescope. That means that the amplifier of the radio telescopes can be connected to the iron ore, which will transform mountains into the bigger version of the "Big Ear" telescope.

The "Wow!"(2) signal, and why the magnetic fields, what radio signal passes are making it very difficult to determine the origin of that signal?

The main reason, why the "Wow!" signal is really hard to analyze is that the signal is unique. That means that only the "Big Ear" has noticed that thing. This famous signal has been caused thoughts that what if the system would be out of the electricity just at that time? And another thing, what makes this case lucky is that "Big Ear" is the fixed system. The telescope is two fixed antennas, and that allowed to catch the signal. If the telescope would be aimed, and the aiming point of the telescope would be different, there would be no "Wow!" signal.

And there is claiming that somebody has asked did humanoids or whatever those creatures are known about the error in program code?  Maybe that thing was a joke, but it's quite a creepy version of humor. 

This "joke" is quite bad, but if the humanoids would know the error, that the computer couldn't determine the antenna what will catch the signals, and they would predict that there is an update brings, they could expect that the telescope was out of use. And then they would send that message.

The calculation of the point, where the famous signal came should not be very difficult. The reason for missing coordinates is that the computer programmer, who has made the program, what is used to isolate the signal didn't determine, which antenna caught that signal. So the thing that must be done is just calculate the point, where the message is coming for both antenna, and then the optical telescopes can turn to those points, and observe is there some kind of star, where that signal can come from.

And in this case, we must realize, that the location and direction of the signal could be impossible to determine, even we could determine the point, where the signal is coming. The black holes can turn the direction of the radio waves, and that would make possible, that the signal would come originally from a different direction, what the "Big Ear" would detect. Another problem is the "Radio maser emission", what means that when the radio signal faces another radio source what will transfer energy to it, would that make the effect, what is called as "virtual transistor".

So that means that the outcoming radiowaves are acting like radio amplifier. This makes impossible to determine the original transmitting energy. We can see the same effect if the signal travels through the magnetic fields or the bursts of pulsars, that radiowaves can increase the power of the signal, which means that it can come from a very long distance like from another galaxy, and maybe the origin of that signal remains a mystery forever.

(1)

http://www.bigear.org/

(2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

Image:

https://thumbs-prod.si-cdn.com/dUX84feLvtnHxyBLItuTbdJqWEE=/800x600/filters:no_upscale()/https://public-media.si-cdn.com/filer/39/91/39911ef6-b5d6-442f-817c-6d1e886ed5e5/bigear2l.jpg

Why Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani was selected to target for Ozma message?

Why Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani was selected to target for Ozma message?

The "Project Ozma" (1)from the year 1960 was the first attempt to make contact with other civilizations. It was the pilot experiment for the SETI (2)-program and another kind of interesting stuff. When this program was failed to making the contact, that means that things like searching the exoplanets got the scientific basement, and at that time, we didn't have a single observation of the exoplanet. Today we know thousands of exoplanets, and maybe we would make contact with another civilization. 

The famous "Ozma" message to another star was sent to Tau Ceti (3) and Epsilon Eridani (4). The attempt was to make contact with super civilizations, and the idea was that those stars and their solar systems were so different than our own that those civilizations would not threaten us. If the solar system would not have oxygen, there would be no water and the "Ozma" researchers thought that they could find the civilization, what would be the silicon-based, what means that the hypothetical civilization would not even want to land on our planet. 

Epsilon Eridani was another object, where the scientists send so-called "Ozma-Message". The thing is that the Epsilon Eridani is too young to be the home of the advanced civilization is putting brakes to those people's operations, who are working with SETI-program. 

And sometimes people would ask, why those researchers selected the Epsilon Eridani to target for "Ozma-message"? The star was too young for the intelligent civilization, and the answer would not even be hoped to get.

If the answer to Ozma-message would come near the young star, that means the answerer is the colony of a very advanced civilization. "Ozma" was projected, what mission was to look for intelligent and advanced civilizations. And it was the pathfinder for a modern way to make science. Today we know that most of the stars might have some kind of planets around them, and the thank to this thing would belong to the "Ozma"-team. 

The dust and ice makes difficult to see the planets near Epsilon Eridani

They opened the eyes of the people to see, that there would be something, that we don't know. In modern times the way to make science is that the team would research and make observations before we would not laugh or punch anybody. The thing is that the Tau Ceti, Epsilon Eridani, and Alpha Centauri have at least suspected planets orbiting them. And the Tau Ceti and Alpha Centauri (5) have confirmed planets, and Epsilon Eridani has suspected followers. The disk of dust and ice makes difficult to see planets, what are orbiting it.

So the answer is that the scientists thought that if the answer for those messages would come from Epsilon Eridani, the hypothetical answer to out message would come from the transmitter from the very advanced civilization. This hypothetical civilization had the technology, which allows them to create colonies to another star system. 

And if the answer would come near the young star, that must be the colony, what will answer to the message, what the scientists have sent. The target stars would be carefully selected, because "Ozma" was looking for intelligent and advanced civilizations. So the thing, what those people had to find was the star, where is no planet, what has endemic lifeforms. 

(1)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Ozma

(2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence

(3)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Ceti

(4)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani

(5)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri

Image: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Ozma#/media/File:Howard_E._Tatel_Radio_Telescope_-_side.jpg