MOND ruled out.

 MOND ruled out. 

MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) hoped to answer the question: why do some galaxies rotate too fast? Black holes may have two transition disks. The other is visible. And the other of those transition disks are invisible to humans because it's formed from dark matter. The gravitational interaction between black holes and dark matter would be similar to visible material. So if that invisible dark matter transition disk around black holes is real, that means interaction between those particles causes the mysterious lack of dark matter. 

The thing that can interact with dark matter is dark matter particles. That means black holes load energy on those invisible dark matter particles as well it load energy on visible material. And if those hypothetical dark matter particles get an energy level that is high enough, that thing causes a situation where hypothetical dark matter particles start to repel each other. 

Scientists ruled out MOND (Modified Newtonian Gravity). The most popular alternative theory for Dark Matter theory. The problem with MOND is this: it cannot rule out the gravitational effect that has an unknown source. The dark matter is the thing that is hard to rule out. When we think about one galaxy. That has no dark matter, we cannot rule out dark matter as an entirety. 

If one galaxy in billions and billions of galaxies has no dark matter that thing opens new and interesting visions about dark matter. If dark matter is not a homogenous thing, that means it can form planet-size objects. So could the dark universe be true? In some theories, dark matter is between antimatter and material. 

The WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) or hypothetical dark matter particles have some kind of thing that makes them interact with visible material only through gravitational waves. And that means there is some joint structure in material and dark matter particles. But are those WIMP particles "real" or are they virtual? 

A virtual particle is like a whirl in a wave movement. The idea is that the virtual particles can act like real or static particles. And those things can also have gravitational effects. This thing formed an idea for the "Superstring theory". This theory involves the idea that. There is a joint structure. That is involved in every particle and that structure is the same in wave movement. The particle is like a yarn ball or whisk of superstrings. 

In this theory or model also wave movement has mass. The superstring makes that mass wave movement. So if the dark matter is a so-called free superstring. That causes the question of whether the Dark Matter exists or not. The gravitational effect remains. The dark matter is a mystery. Researchers want to make the interaction between matter and dark matter by using high-energy particle accelerators. They hope that dark matter reacts with extremely thick energy fields like antimatter-material shockwaves. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/dark-matter-alternative-modified-newtonian-dynamics-ruled-out/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle