Aging is an interesting thing.

"Selenoproteins play a crucial role in protecting blood-forming stem cells from oxidative damage. A study in Blood found that disrupting selenoprotein production impairs immune cell development and accelerates aging-related changes. However, dietary Vitamin E may help restore these functions, offering potential strategies to combat age-related diseases." (ScitechDaily, The Secret to Healthy Aging? Scientists Uncover the Power of Selenoproteins)

Theoretically making immortal creatures is quite an easy thing. The system must simply change the DNA in the mitochondria and the cell's nucleus. The system can store DNA in the digital form. And then nanotechnology restores that damaged DNA to its original form. The system removes damaged DNA from mitochondria and the cell's nucleus. And then it injects that fresh DNA into them. The problem is this: there are very many cells in the human body.  

Aging is one of the things. That is under research. The question about aging is mortality built in our DNA.  Or, does mortality come because of the outside effects? The outside effects. Metabolism production, Radiation, and toxins cause damage to the DNA. There is programmed cell death in the DNA. But sometimes that thing doesn't work. That makes the damaged cells make the descendants. 

Those damages cause mutations in the descendant cells and mitochondria. The mitochondria are the power sources for the cells. And those things have their own DNA and their own decay process. The question is which ages or dies first the cell's nucleus or mitochondria. 

Mitochondria take their own chemical signal to decay when the cell begins its mitosis. Researchers have noticed that selenoproteins can resist aging. That thing means that those proteins have some kind of effect on the cell's nucleus. Or maybe those proteins can affect mitochondria and their division. The protein can also slow aging by removing the products that mitochondria produce in metabolism. 

The mice that have human genomes help to solve what is the outside effect's role. And what is encoded in human DNA? Things like the aging process are important when people make long-term space travel to Mars and beyond. Things like cosmic radiation can destroy the DNA from cells and mitochondria. And that can accelerate aging. The cell's nucleus DNA and the mitochondria DNA are things that control the cell's everyday actions. 

Sometimes the malfunction in the mitochondria DNA is one of the reasons for some hereditary diseases. That means the mitochondria are underpowered or overpowered. So the cell cannot have strength if mitochondria are low power or it uses its nutrients too fast and boils the cell if mitochondria have overpowered. If mitochondrial metabolism is too high, the ion pumps in the cell cannot remove metabolic waste. And they cannot pump nutrients in. 

The reason for aging is in the DNA damage. Things like retroviruses transfer DNA from other species into human genomes. If that outcoming DNA will be at the point that controls the programmed cell death that can turn a cell into a cancer cell. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-humanized-mice-brings-scientists-closer-to-reversing-aging/

 https://scitechdaily.com/the-secret-to-healthy-aging-scientists-uncover-the-power-of-selenoproteins/

Can bacteria transmit information between species?

The astrobiological researchers. Along with SETI-institute. Made the hypothetical model, that bacteria can transmit information between alien species. However, there is the possibility of using artificial bacteria and artificial DNA to make biorobots that can transmit data to neurons. That makes it possible to fix things like neural damage. 

The fact is that. It is possible. That bacteria can transmit information to the neuron using electric impulses. The bacteria require customized DNA to make the right electric impulses. The system can create artificial cells. And artificial DNA that can control the biological USB stick that can transport data to neurons or regular computers. This is one thing that the programmed cells can make. 

But the artificial bacteria can make many new things. The artificial bacteria can also slow or even stop aging. When we think of aging as an entirety, we must know that there are two types of DNA in the cell that can damaged. The first and most well-known DNA is in the cell's core. And the other DNA is in the mitochondria. Some diseases are the result of the DNA damage in mitochondria. 

"Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), sometimes called mitochondrial donation, is the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease. MRT originated as a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which some or all of the future baby's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comes from a third party. " (Wikipedia, Mitochondrial replacement therapy)

"This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases. The therapy is approved for use in the United Kingdom. A second application is to use autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria in damaged tissue to restore the tissue to a functional state. This has been used in clinical research in the United States to treat cardiac-compromised newborns." (Wikipedia, Mitochondrial replacement therapy)

When cells divide the mitochondria, cell organelles whose purpose is to create energy for the cell get a signal to divide. Same way as the outcoming effects destroy the DNA in the cell's core, the same effects destroy the DNA in mitochondria. So if we want to make the cell young again, we must change the DNA in its core and also replace the mitochondria in the cell using mitochondria with new and fresh DNA. 

The programmed cell can create mitochondria with fresh DNA and then transfer those things into the targeted cells. There is one little problem. Those mitochondria must have the same antigens as the receiver. But it's possible that if the person's cell and mitochondria DNA map is done at a young age the nanotechnical system can create the artificial DNA. It's possible. 

The nanotechnical system can take the young creatures' mitochondria DNA and then connect there the DNA that control's the antigen formation. That allows cloning of the mitochondria that can be used to replace sick mitochondria. And maybe someday ability to fix DNA damage and switch the DNA in the cells and their mitochondria will make long-term space journeys possible. 

https://scitechdaily.com/search-for-extraterrestrial-intelligence-how-microbes-could-communicate-with-alien-species/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_replacement_therapy