What is dark energy?

"For decades, scientists believed gravity would slow cosmic expansion, but in a surprising twist, they found the opposite: expansion is speeding up. Dark energy is the suspected culprit, but what is it? The answer could reshape our understanding of physics itself. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, What Is Dark Energy? The Hidden Force Driving the Universe Apart)

Can dark energy be some kind of cyclotron radiation? 

In some theories, the source of dark energy is in whirls in the quantum fields. Those whirls can turn so-called superstrings to rotate around it. The lower energy area in that whirl pulls quantum fields around it. That interaction makes the superstring send radiation that is similar to the cyclotron radiation. 

That radiation forms when particles or some quantum fields form friction between them. Cyclotron radiation is the thing. That is visible when particles change their direction in the cyclotron. The smallest parts in the material can also send cyclotron radiation if they orbit things like quantum-size black holes.

Dark energy is the dominant effect in the universe. Its source is unknown. However, there are many theories about its origin. In some theories, dark energy is energy. That leaks from the black holes. Or in some other models, it's energy that the hypothetical faster-than-light particle called tachyon releases into our universe. 

The question is this: can the photon transform into the tachyon? In some models: if a photon looks like a ring. Then that photon starts to rotate in the same direction where that photon moves. That makes the photon move faster than it should. In that case. A photon can send wave movement. 

Dark energy is the dominant effect in the universe. The name "dark energy" means wave movement. Whose source is unknown. That energy rips the universe into pieces. Dark energy can form in cases. There the universe's expansion makes the quantum fields between particles weaker. That effect causes the material to send wave movement faster. When material sends wave movement. Its weight turns lower. And sooner or later. All particles in our universe turn into wave movement. And that makes the material lighter. 

That causes the distances to turn longer. And also the weight of the particles turns lower. That is one explanation for dark energy. The dark energy can also form in cases where the universe turns colder. Then the energy level around the gravity center turns lower. That means the gravity pothole turns lower. In a very small black hole, the event horizon can be so close to the singularity that the singularity can turn naked. 

Dark matter can also have some kind of effect on dark energy. Unlike visible material and visible energy fields, dark matter doesn't cause resistance to wave movement. The only known interaction between dark and visible material is gravity. Gravity causes an effect called redshift when it's behind the wave movement. 

That stretches wave movement. Turning its wavelength longer. In the same way, gravity affects wave movement that is forward of the wave. Gravity turns the route of the light in gravity lensing. But if the very massive object is forward. Gravity also accelerates light. 

Or it should accelerate the photon's speed, at least when the object ahead of the wave movement is supermassive. When the photons travel past or through massive objects like the galaxy gravity slows its speed. In that process, the photon acts like all other particles. And it must remove its kinetic energy to somewhere. 

When a particle reloads its kinetic energy it sends the wave movement. In some models. Dark energy is the interaction that happens when particles slow their speed or they travel through the cosmic void. That means they vaporize faster than they should. In that process, the particle sends wave movement as a very fast shockwave when it slows its speed. 

And that causes very fast vaporization. In some models, the hypothetical WIMP, weakly interacting massive particles, and the mysterious gravitons, the hypothetical gravitational transmitter particles, are miniature black holes. In those models, all particles in the universe form around quantum-size black holes. Those small black holes can make energy fields travel faster than calculated. And at the same time. Those small black holes vaporize. 

In the same way. There is the possibility that dark matter is also outside the universe. That gravitational effect can pull material and energy out of the universe faster than calculated. But that requires a gravitational center outside the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/what-is-dark-energy-the-hidden-force-driving-the-universe-apart/