The JWST confirmed the existence of an Earth-size exoplanet at the border of the habitable zone.

Artist's illustration of exoplanet LHS 475 b

The existence of an Earth-size exoplanet in a distant solar system is a remarkable thing. The new small rocky planet. Called LHS 475b orbits its sun only in two days. The LHS 475b's atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. 

And that means the temperature on that planet's dayside is hot. As you might guess the LHS 475 b orbits red dwarf star LHS 475. The surface temperature of this planet is 3312±157 K or about 3039 C. 

That means LHS 475 b is dead and unable to host life. But that exoplanet is one of the most incredible things that the JWST telescope found. The ability to see that kind of exoplanet is a big change. The problem is that most confirmed exoplanets are orbiting red dwarfs. So planets are orbiting those stars very close. And tidal forces lock them in one direction. Their dayside is very hot. 

"A flat line in a transmission spectrum, like this one, can be exciting – it can tell us a lot about the planet. Researchers used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) to observe exoplanet LHS 475 b. As this spectrum shows, Webb did not observe a detectable quantity of any element or molecule. Common signatures in a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, for example, would indicate a light, gaseous atmosphere. Those elements were not detected in LHS 475 b’s spectrum." (scitechDaily.com/A New Frontier: NASA’s Webb Space Telescope Confirms Existence of Earth-Sized Rocky Exoplanet!)

Above: Transit light curve of exoplanet LHS 475 b

And there are massive monsoon winds around the planet. That means those winds will stabilize the temperature. Things like gravitation and red dwarfs activity are affecting the planet's ability to keep liquid water. Weak gravitation means that the water can be liquid for a longer distance than in heavy gravitation. 

The winds would be stronger in weak gravitation. So there could be deadly sandstorms in weak gravitational planets, but otherwise, water would be liquid at a longer distance. 

So those weak gravitational planets could form intelligent space civilizations even if they orbit red dwarfs. And if those civilizations exist those aliens would be thin. And they might have a big head. Big eyes are making it possible to see in low-light environments. 

They would not need strong muscles in weak gravitation. So that means they might be delicate even if they look like humans. But that is only one version of the cosmological way to think about the hypothetical alien race. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-frontier-nasas-webb-space-telescope-confirms-existence-of-earth-sized-rocky-exoplanet/

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