"New research shows galaxy age as the key factor in star motion, challenging older theories that highlighted environment or mass. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Discover Unexpected Driver Behind Galactic Chaos)
The thing that causes star formation in a galaxy is the disturbance in material. The plasma must form a whirl with the precise right size. If that whirl is too large the plasma turns into a black hole. If that whirl is too small. Energy blows it away. If the galaxy is too hot material cannot form stars. The density and temperature of the material must be right, or the supermassive black hole's radiation. Along with other energy denies the star formation.
The new observations tell about the form of dark matter. The dark matter interacts with the material through the gravity. And that gravitation forms the so-called Einstein ring around objects. Changes in the Einstein ring's shape tell about the material distribution in galaxies. And if that shape is different from the form of visible material. That tells that there is an invisible gravitational source.
In some models the WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are like hypothetical "Kugelblitz black holes" but lighter. In that model, radiation can also form lighter objects than those "Kugelblitz black holes". That form in radiation whirls.
The form of dark matter or dark gravitational source is a mystery. But there is the possibility that the dark matter is some kind of virtual material or quasiparticle. The WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) can also be some kind of "light kugelblitz-black hole". In physics, "Kugelblitz black holes" are hypothetical black holes that form straight from radiation.
Black holes are the extreme objects. And if we think that gravity waves or other radiation that twist around each other can form black holes. Same way, we can conduct the model where energy like gravitational waves can from lighter objects. And maybe this kind of "kugelblitz" material can be a real thing in the universe.
In some newest models, the universe is full of quantum fields. Quantum fields are the common name for all energy fields. And the wavelength of energy is the thing that determines its form. All energy forms are interactions.
"This image shows the merger of a lower mass-gap black hole (dark grey surface) with a neutron star with colors ranging from dark orange (1 million tons per cubic centimeter) to white (600 million tons per cubic centimeter). The gravitational wave signal is represented with a set of strain amplitude values of plus-polarization using colors from dark blue to cyan. Credit: I. Markin (Potsdam University), T. Dietrich (Potsdam University and Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), H. Pfeiffer, A. Buonanno (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)." ScitechDaily, Astrophysics Breakthrough Reveals Hidden Interactions in Space)
There are four base energy forms or interactions in the universe. Those interactions are strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity.
When those quantum fields with the same wavelength impact. There is forming a denser energy point. That means that material can form at those crossing points in energy fields. The universe is full of radiation beams that we can call strings. Those strings are energy channels with different wavelengths. And gravity acts like all other wavelengths.
When some kind of radiation or beam travels in the universe and crosses another quantum field or particle it can cause an effect that another quantum field with a different wavelength starts to twist around that beam or string.
The hypothetical wormhole or Einstein-Rose bridge is the case where gravity waves twisted around those strings of some other energy forms like electromagnetic radiation. The outcoming gravity energy pushes those gravity waves into a form, that looks like a tornado. The gravity tornado, or tunnel forms the structure that locks its inside away from the outside.
The energy that comes back pushes objects ahead. In that structure, the gravitational tornado pushes energy to particles from its sides. In that structure, the gravity tornado pushes the particle's quantum field into it, forming a situation in which the particle's quantum field doesn't separate from a particle at the point, where it reaches the speed of light.
When a particle crosses the speed of light in quantum tunneling, it just travels faster than it should. When a particle hits into potential wall. It faces a structure that is full of quantum fields. The universe is one of the potential walls. If we look at it from the outside. In the same way, things like the border between the atmosphere and vacuum and all other borders like plasma fields are potential walls (or potential barriers).
When a particle travels in that potential barrier. Quantum fields from that barrier start to interact with that particle. The particle can continue its journey until it loses all its energy. In some cases, energy starts to travel to the particle's quantum field causing a situation that those energy waves reflect from that field.
Those reflecting quantum waves form the short-term electromagnetic (or quantum) vacuum or quantum low pressure around the particle. In that bubble, photons travel faster than outside the bubble. So that means the particle is in the WARP bubble. That allows it to swing ahead faster than it should in calculations. This thing is the thing, that makes particle travel "faster than light" during quantum tunneling.
https://scitechdaily.com/astrophysics-breakthrough-reveals-hidden-interactions-in-space/
https://scitechdaily.com/decoding-dark-matter-insights-from-jwsts-discovery-of-an-einstein-ringed-galaxy/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole
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