The blue supergiants open their mysteries.
B-type blue supergiants like Rigel are mysterious stars. Earlier researchers thought that those stars formed straight from the hydrogen cloud. The thing that fights against this theory is this: B-type blue supergiant's hydrogen line is medium. If a B-type star young star, that formed straight from the hydrogen cloud. Those stars should have a stronger hydrogen emission line. The medium emission line tells that the star is same time old and young.
That formed the theory that the migration between old red giants and an A-type blue star like Sirius A can form the B-type supergiant. That medium hydrogen line supports this theorem that at least some Rigel-type stars can form when old red stars collide with A-type stars. The B-type blue supergiants are very luminous. The B-type blue supergiants can open the mysteries of the universe.
Rigel is the main component of the star system, there are at least four components. Wikipedia tells about Rigel like this: "Rigel is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion. It has the Bayer designation β Orionis, which is Latinized to Beta Orionis and abbreviated Beta Ori or β Ori. Rigel is the brightest and most massive component – and the eponym – of a star system of at least four stars that appear as a single blue-white point of light to the naked eye. This system is located at a distance of approximately 860 light-years (260 pc) from the Sun". (Wikipedia, Rigel)
"A star of spectral type B8Ia, Rigel is calculated to be anywhere from 61,500 to 363,000 times as luminous as the Sun, and 18 to 24 times as massive, depending on the method and assumptions used. Its radius is more than seventy times that of the Sun, and its surface temperature is 12,100 K. " (Wikipedia, Rigel)
Beta Centauri is a triple star there two main components have spectral class B1. The third component is unknown but it should be K type orange star. The reason for that is that the main components of Beta Centauri's luminosity are 9000-28 000 suns. Beta Centauri A's surface temperature is 23,000±2,000K
And one mystery is that Rigel seems somehow too cold. The luminosity of the star is very high, but its temperature is low. And that causes the question, why do the spectral lines in that star travel to blue? The blue stars are bright but their radiation transfers less energy to material than the red stars.
What makes those super hot stars interesting is this: in some models, their extremely powerful radiation manipulates the dimensions around them. This idea is from the tests. Where laboratories make synthetic dimensions manipulating energy levels in photons.
Those stars explode in supernova explosions. And those shockwaves can start planet and star formation in interplanetary nebulas near that star. But the highly luminous and hot stars form a model that the star can create artificial dimensions around it. In that model, the high-energy plasma forms the area, where the energy level is extremely high.
The young and hot stars are also the key to understanding the interplanetary nebula's lifecycle. All elements in the universe form in the fusion inside stars. Intelligent creatures and civilizations require habitable planets. And in the interplanetary nebula must be the elements that can form metal-rich rocky planets like Earth.
https://phys.org/news/2024-03-astronomers-evidence-blue-supergiant-stars.html
https://scitechdaily.com/astronomical-anomaly-decoding-the-mystery-of-blue-supergiant-stars/
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Centauri
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigel
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