"This artist’s illustration shows a rapidly feeding black hole that is emitting powerful gas outflows. Using data from NASA’s JWST and Chandra X-ray Observatory, a team of U.S. National Science Foundation NOIRLab astronomers have discovered this low-mass black hole at the center of a galaxy just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang. It is accreting matter at a phenomenal rate — over 40 times the theoretical limit. While short lived, this black hole’s ‘feast’ could help astronomers explain how supermassive black holes grew so quickly in the early Universe. Credit: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva/M. Zamani" (ScitechDaily, Defying Physics: Supermassive Black Hole Devours 40x Faster Than Expected)
"Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope discovered LID-568, a supermassive black hole feeding at a rate 40 times its Eddington limit (Eddington luminosity), seen just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang. This exceptional observation has provided new insights into black hole growth from initial ‘seeds’ and challenges current theories with its rapid accretion rate and powerful outflows.) (ScitechDaily, Defying Physics: Supermassive Black Hole Devours 40x Faster Than Expected)
"Eddington mass limit, theoretical upper limit to the mass of a star or an accretion disk. The limit is named for English astrophysicist Sir Arthur Eddington. At the Eddington mass limit, the outward pressure of the star’s radiation balances the inward gravitational force. If a star exceeds this limit, its luminosity would be so high that it would blow off the outer layers of the star. The limit depends upon the specific internal conditions of the star and is around several hundred solar masses. The star with the largest mass determined to date is R136a1, a giant of about 265 solar masses that had as much as 320 solar masses when it was formed. The Eddington mass limit explains why stars much larger than this have not been observed. In the case of an accretion disk, the outward pressure of the disk’s radiation balances the inward flow of accretion." (Britannica, Eddington mass limit)
The mystery of dark energy can get light when X- and gamma-ray telescopes combine their abilities with the JWST telescope. The JWST can search extremely distant objects with new accuracy. The JWST and other telescopes see a black hole that devours 40 times faster than it should. That distant object tells something about the universe 1,5 billion years away from the Big Bang. That thing could tell that this black hole pulls lots of dark matter inside its event horizon.
In theories of the beginning of time and space, dark matter, dark energy, visible material, and visible energy were together. They formed entirety with time. And it's possible that in the black holes. Those things can return together.
The supermassive black holes can form when the entire galactic nebula falls. Or they form when massive stars collapse in a supernova explosion. Theoretically, any object can turn into a black hole if something pushes its radius inside the Scwarzschild radius. That radius is unique for all masses. Also, dark matter nebulas can form black holes. The observation that all galaxies don't involve dark matter tells us that also dark matter can form black holes.
That distant active black hole tells something about material and energy density in the young universe. The interesting thing is that. Black holes should also eat dark matter and dark energy. Those distant black holes tell about a time when the energy level in the universe was higher.
And there was also dark matter, and dark energy had a denser form. That active black hole in the early universe tells us. That there was more material and energy than expected. The active black holes pulled the material disks around them. The material- and star formation began. That supports the model that black holes formed before stars. And they caused whirls that made the Schwinger effect possible. The quarks were first. And then they formed protons and neutrons.
When we talk about dark energy, there is a theory that dark energy forms when high-energy fields impact quarks or protons and neutrons. There are three quarks in proton and neutron. There is also other elementary particles in the proton. When energy pike travels through those particles. It affects their spin. The particle involves a whisks-looking structure that interacts with an energy field. And that structure sends the waves into energy fields like Higgs field. And we see those waves as dark energy the wave movement. That rips the universe into pieces.
The idea is that gravity affects dark matter and dark energy as well it affects the visible energy and visible material. The black hole is like a tensor that connects dark matter and dark energy with visible material and visible energy. The focus is on the dark matter and dark energy effect on black hole interactions. Like the visible material. And visible energy affects black holes.
When black holes pull material and energy inside them. Those things make them send radiation and gravitational waves. If we think that in the young universe, the material was denser. There are two models of the origin of dark matter. One is that the Big Bang released visible and dark matter. And another is that dark matter existed before the Big Bang. But if the last model is true that explains many things. But anyway, dark matter density in the young universe was higher.
That means the black hole in the young universe pulls more dark matter inside it than the black hole in the modern universe. If there is lots of dark matter around the universe, that can tell that the Big Bang did not release dark matter. In that model, matter existed before the universe.
But in other models, dark matter is released at some stage of the Big Bang. Sometimes is introduced that the dark matter follows and goes before the bubble or layer where most visible galaxies exist.
Today researchers find dark energy and dark matter from rocks. The idea is that when a black hole pulls a dark matter nebula inside it it can form an energy burst that can seen from ancient stones. The system must compare information on the black holes and their position to the visible nebulas.
https://www.britannica.com/science/Eddington-mass-limit
https://scitechdaily.com/defying-physics-supermassive-black-hole-devours-40x-faster-than-expected/
https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-start-crazy-multimillion-dollar-plan-to-catch-dark-matter-by-studying-rocks/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_luminosity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor
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