"Researchers created a “sweet spot” in a quantum system where elusive Majorana particles stay stable, offering new hope for reliable quantum computing. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, The Exotic Particle That Might Finally Make Quantum Computers Reliable"
"Easy explained: Majorana Zero Modes"
"In the world of physics, particles can have interesting properties and behave in strange ways. One type of particle that scientists have been studying is called a Majorana particle." (CivilsDaily/Quantum Supercomputer using Majorana Zero Modes)
Majorana particles have a special property called “non-Abelian statistics.” Without getting too technical, this property means that when two Majorana particles come close together, something interesting happens. " (CivilsDaily/Quantum Supercomputer using Majorana Zero Modes)
"Instead of behaving like normal particles, they can combine in a special way to form a new kind of particle called a Majorana zero mode.
A Majorana zero mode is a very peculiar particle because it is its own antiparticle. Normally, particles have antiparticles with opposite properties, like an electron and a positron. But Majorana zero modes are special because they don’t have separate antiparticles. They are their own antiparticles!" (CivilsDaily/Quantum Supercomputer using Majorana Zero Modes)
Majorana zero modes, MZM are so-called quasiparticles. Those particles called some Mojorana bound states act like real particles. The Majorana bound states or Majorana zero modes are more appropriate than "Majorana fermion" because that thing is not a real particle. It's like a hole, tunnel, or whirl in the quantum field.
And researchers hope that they can use this article to create a reliable quantum computer. The problem with quantum computers is that those systems transport information in physical particles. The system creates the superposition and quantum entanglement between two photons. Then information travels between those two particles in a quantum string. That is like a belt. The problem is this: those photons are very sensitive to outgoing energy.
Even a small energy load that hits the quantum entanglement can push those photons out of their positions. Or if the receiving part of the quantum entanglement or the string, that transports data turns too high energy level that string jumps too far from the receiving particle. And that destroys the quantum entanglement. There is the possibility to use some quasiparticles like excitons to anchor photons into the position. But there is one little problem with that thing.
Excitons are electron holes that electron orbits. That means it's hard to make quantum entanglement over the electron. In some other models, two electrons will anchor both sides of that electron-hole. The problem is that the quantum string must travel over the electron-hole. Or the system creates quantum entanglement between the electron and its hole.
MZM can answer the problem of how to make superpositions that don't react to weak interference. The weak interference is the hardest thing to predict. And that destroys the quantum entanglement. If that happens without warning the quantum computer must start to make calculations from the beginning.
The interference is like a wave that travels on the surface at a standard energy level. The idea is that those MZM modes raise those superpositioned and entangled particles above the base energy level. That protects them against small interference. Or the particles are under an energy dome that protects them. We can think of that thing as a situation. Where we raise superpositioned and entangled particles to hills. There those waves will not touch them. If energy cannot touch those particles it cannot affect them.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/quantum-supercomputer-using-majorana-zero-modes/
https://scitechdaily.com/the-exotic-particle-that-might-finally-make-quantum-computers-reliable/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyon
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