How to clean orbital trajectory from space debris?

"Aurora Propulsion Technologies makes electric micro-tether-based Plasma Brakes. The Plasma Brake induces an electric field around itself to cause a drag from the ambient plasma in low Earth orbit. This drag can be used to slow down and deorbit a satellite at the end of its useful life." (https://business.esa.int/news/finnish-start-up-aurora-powers-small-satellite-sector-0)

The biggest question about space debris is how to get it back. The best way to solve that problem is to equip satellites with a timer or a system that destroys satellites when their mission is over.

The AI-based system can be thought that the satellite's mission is over when there is no contact with operators at a certain time. Or the mission clock is at zero. And in some cases, the system can search the level of the trajectory adjustment rocket's fuel. If that fuel is low, the satellite can ask if does operator want to refuel it. When the answer is "no", the satellite would dive back into the atmosphere.

In that case, the best solution is the system that uses the trajectory adjustment engines for pushing the satellite back into the atmosphere. In that case, when rocket fuel is low or the mission time of satellites is over, the system just pushes the satellite back into the atmosphere.

Another case is to use a plasma brake. That system uses the Coulomb interaction or electromagnetic repel. When the satellite is loaded with positive electricity.

It pushes against protons or positive helium ions. That is coming from the sun. Then plasma brake pushes against those particles which should slow the speed of the satellite. In some visions, the dead satellites can load with positive electricity. And that turns them into plasma brakes.

But the best choice is to program satellites to dive automatically back into the atmosphere when their mission is over. In that case, the satellites could equip with heat shields and parachutes. The returning system guarantees that the satellite can return to researchers who are investigating the damages that Van Allen's plasma belts and micrometeorites caused to it.

Image 2

In the wildest visions, the antimatter can use to push dead satellites away from their orbiter. The idea is that. A thin gold plate can be put between the satellite and the sun. That thing turns electrons that are coming from the sun into antimatter. And those anti-electrons or positrons would push the satellite away from the orbiter.

In some ideas, the laser satellites can drive dead satellites out of their trajectory by using laser or ion beams that are shot from higher orbiters. The idea is that the ice bites are connected to satellites.

Laser satellites can push dead satellites out of their trajectory.

And then the laser or ion beam will shoot at those ice bites. In some models, the ice is in balloons that robots connect with satellites. When a laser or beam hits those ice bites. It vaporizes that water immediately.

That thing pushes the satellite back into the atmosphere. In some other visions, the satellites are loaded with positive electricity like in plasma brakes. And then the electron beam or negative ions will shoot to those satellites. In that case, the positive electricity pulls those particles to the satellite.

In some models, the iron powder that is loaded with negative electricity will be shot against satellites that are loaded with positive electricity.

https://business.esa.int/news/finnish-start-up-aurora-powers-small-satellite-sector-0

https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/plasma-brake-deorbiting-simulation-using-dynamic-space-environmen

https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/25800/how-can-an-electric-sail-be-used-for-deorbiting-considering-that-it-doesnt-work

https://yle.fi/a/3-5544892

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

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