The new winds of quantum computers.

"Artist’s representation of the formation pathway of vacancy complexes for spin-based qubits in the silicon carbide host lattice and to the right the associated energy landscape. Credit: University of Chicago" (ScitechDaily, Better Qubits: Quantum Breakthroughs Powered by Silicon Carbide)

The spin-based qubit is like a whirl or fast-rotating roll. The structure between those structures is an electromagnetic bridge or quantum shadow where the information travels. That shadow forms when the laser inputs energy to another particle. The information that travels at the edge of the shadow adjusts the lower energy part of the qubit. And puts it oscillate with the same frequency. 

The structure around the qubit is important because it decreases the quantum noise. The quantum noise is the thing that disturbs data when it comes outside. But if the qubit itself is too noisy. That makes it possible to steal data from the qubit. The qubit vulnerability is at the point where the system loads information in it. If the observer sees the flashes of the qubit, it's possible. That observer or attacker can steal data from that structure. 

"Illustration of the cold-atom (neutral-atom) quantum computer in operation at Kenji Ohmori group. Credit: Dr. Takafumi Tomita (IMS)" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Chill: Developing Japan’s First “Cold (Neutral) Atom” Quantum Computers)

Silicon carbide gives the possibility to make new types of quantum microprocessors. The requirement for the laptop-size quantum computer is a solid system, that doesn't require noise suppression. There are two kinds of solid qubits in the silicon carbide qubits. 

The horizontal qubit, where adjacent atoms make the quantum superposition and entanglement. 

Vertical qubits where the system pushes the atoms in silicon carbide into the 2D structure, positions electrons against each other. And then it makes the superposition and quantum entanglement between those atoms. 

In some of the models. The silicon atoms are locked in the graphene network. And then the information will be driven to those silicone atoms, where lasers put superposition and entanglement with the atom at a lower layer. 

"Researchers at QuTech have created Majorana particles in a two-dimensional plane by developing devices that utilize superconductors and semiconductors, allowing previously inaccessible experiments. This advancement could lead to stable, topologically protected Majorana qubits, significantly benefiting quantum computing." (ScitechDaily, New Dimensions in Quantum Computing: Majorana Particles Go 2D)

The cold, or neutral atom qubits are promising things. The problem with those things is that there is lots of "empty space" in atoms. And that causes reflection in the subatomic structure. And those echoes can destroy or disturb information. There is the possibility to put atoms opposite. And if the system can put electron shells into one layer and then put those electrons opposite to each other. 

Then the system can make the superposition and entanglement between those electrons. This is one way to make neutral atom qubits, using complicated atoms. This requires that the system can push electrons into the 2D structure, and then it positions atoms opposite each other. 

The 2D Majorana particles can make a new big step for quantum computing. However, the problem is that researchers have not found any Majorana particles, 2- or 3D yet. The quantum whirls like a rotating laser ray can make a similar effect with Majorana particles. But without the ability to produce Majorana particles, those things are useless. 

Those laser rays can used to create quantum pillars or quantum rolls, which can have a similar effect to the Majorana particles. The reason why predicted, but still hypothetical Majorana particles could be the best qubits, is that those particles are less immune to noise and resonance against wave movement. That comes from electrons and other subatomic particles. But first researchers should create Majorana particles using some practical energy levels. 

https://scitechdaily.com/better-qubits-quantum-breakthroughs-powered-by-silicon-carbide/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-dimensions-in-quantum-computing-majorana-particles-go-2d/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-chill-developing-japans-first-cold-neutral-atom-quantum-computers/