The new 2D carbon structure is 8 times stronger than graphene.

"Monolayer amorphous carbon is a game-changing material that combines strength with toughness, solving a key problem in 2D materials like graphene. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, A New Carbon Super-Material Is 8x Tougher Than Graphene)

The new 2D materials are tougher than graphene. Graphene is the allotropic form of carbon. The single-atom layer makes that structure stronger. And the reason why 2D monoatomic structures are harder than regular materials is simple. When something impacts the graphene. That monoatomic structure transfers energy to a larger area. The single-atom layer transfers energy out from the structure immediately. And there is nothing that can form a standing wave in the structure. 

The new material called monolayer amorphous carbon, MAC is the thing that makes the 2D monoatomic structure tougher than graphene. The structure involves things that allow the carbon to be elastic. Or flex. And that makes the structure tougher or gives it the ability to flex. The problem with regular graphene is that the structure will not flex at all. Researchers crack the code to twist and stack 2D materials. 

"The regular octahedron and its dual polyhedron, the cube." (Wikipedia, Octahedron)

That thing opens the path to new types of solutions in mechanics and other things like electronics. The graphene layers lose their abilities when they connect. The 2D materials have their fundamental abilities only when they are in 2D structures. If those 2D structures are connected, that means their carbon structures lose their abilities. 

But if those things can remain separated that gives the new types of armor and extremely strong materials possible. The 2D carbon structures that are separated by octahedron carbon pillars can make that kind of material stronger than fullerene pillars. The octahedron pillars are their heads against each other can transport the energy straight through the graphene layers. The problem with nanotube pillars is that they form standing waves in their structure. The octahedron nanocrystals will not make that thing. In those nanocrystals are six atoms which makes them extremely small and able to transport energy straight through those layers. 

"A scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of moiré superlattice formation on a twisted bilayer covalent organic framework (COF). Credit: National University of Singapore" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Cracked the Code for Twisting and Stacking 2D Materials)

"STM images of (a) untwisted bilayer COF assembled from 2,7 PDBA; (b) twisted bilayer COF showing moiré superlattices, assembled from 1,6 PDBA. Credit: National University of Singapore" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Cracked the Code for Twisting and Stacking 2D Materials)

But making those things requires a system that can see how the graphene interacts in the reaction chamber. 

Imaging the Dynamic Assembly of Bilayer COFs

"Chemists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have successfully captured real-time images of bilayer covalent organic frameworks (COFs) forming in solution. This breakthrough sheds new light on how these layers stack and how moiré superlattices emerge. " (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Cracked the Code for Twisting and Stacking 2D Materials)

Moiré superlattices are part of the growing field of “twistronics,” where rotating one atomic layer relative to another can create new electronic properties. In this state, electrons no longer behave as independent particles but instead strongly interact with each other, potentially leading to unique forms of superconductivity or magnetism." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Cracked the Code for Twisting and Stacking 2D Materials)

"While moiré superlattices have been observed in inorganic materials, they are far rarer in purely organic crystals. This is because moiré patterns require materials that are both ultrathin and highly crystalline — properties that are difficult to achieve in organic materials using conventional imaging techniques." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Cracked the Code for Twisting and Stacking 2D Materials)

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-carbon-super-material-is-8x-tougher-than-graphene

 https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-cracked-the-code-for-twisting-and-stacking-2d-materials/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octahedron

The most powerful solar-electric spacecraft is coming.

"An artist’s rendering of Gateway with the Power and Propulsion Element’s advanced thrusters propelling the lunar space station to the Moon. Credit: NASA/Alberto Bertolin" (ScitechDaily, NASA Builds the Most Powerful Solar Electric Spacecraft Ever)

Solar electric spacecraft are systems that can offer a clean and probably safe way to travel inside the asteroid belt. In the simplest possible systems, the solar power rockets use parabolic mirrors or lenses to vaporize and expand the propellant. Those rockets cannot operate in the atmosphere. In the more advanced system, solar power rockets use electricity from solar panels to give electricity to electrochemical- or ion engines. 

In electrochemical rockets, the system can use electricity or radiation like lasers or microwaves to give thrust. In electric jet engines, the electricity expands the air or some other gas. The electrochemical rockets are similar systems to the electric jet engines. 

But the front side of those systems is closed. The flap that closes the electric jet engine nose denies the exhaust gas flow forward. The problem with electrochemical rockets is their electric source. 

Nuclear power or solar power can be the tool that makes this kind of system real. The rocket itself can expand any gas like nitrogen or liquid nitrogen. The problem is that this kind of system requires very long wings. That it can make enough thrust.

The ion sail 

The ion sail aims ions into the solar sail. 

The ion system can aim ions at the solar sail. When an ion cannon sends ions to the solar sail, it can pull the craft with higher thrust than in cases, where the system aims ions backward. 

The ion engines use ions or anions to accelerate the spacecraft. Unlike those electric chemical engines, their thrust is very low. But there is the possibility to make the ion engine with higher thrust. That kind of ion system can blow ions to the solar sail. And that makes it possible to travel through the solar system. 

The solar electric spacecraft uses solar power to give electricity to its engines. The engine itself can use things like hydrogen or any other gas as a propellant. The system can expand and vaporize that propellant using electric arcs, lasers, or microwave systems.  

Solar electric spacecraft don't necessarily use ion engines. But solar power can also give electricity to particle accelerators. They can act as ion engines. Or those systems can create antimatter, like positrons that the system injects into propellant. 

That thing can give a very big punch to the propellant. That kind of solar electric system opens a path to the inner solar system. They can also act as the accelerator stages for nuclear rockets that travel to the outer solar system. 

The system can use solar power to accelerate the craft to the asteroid belt. And behind that it can separate the nuclear-powered stage and start to use nuclear power. The solar-power spacecraft can operate in space between Earth and Mars and the inner solar system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-builds-the-most-powerful-solar-electric-spacecraft-ever/

How can rogue planets form?

"A groundbreaking study suggests rogue planets form in a dramatic way — through violent disk collisions in young star clusters, not failed star formation. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Discovered a Violent New Way Rogue Planets Are Made)

The rogue planets can form when two forming planets' planetary disks impact together. When those material disks impact each other, and they rotate opposite sides that can form the material whirl that travels out from the star's gravity field. In that case, impacting material whirls act like catapults and throw those planets into interstellar space. Those planets can someday travel to another solar system and cause chaotic situations like impacts. 

Another thing that can form rogue planets is supernova or nova eruptions. The post-stellar planets that form in nova and supernova debris can also turn rogue planets. When neutron stars or white dwarfs pull some other planet to them, that detonation can throw other planets away from that star remnant orbital. 

The ultimate fast winds and very hot conditions in exoplanets' atmosphere can cause a situation in there is an explosion in the planet's atmosphere. If there is some eruption or asteroid impact that kind of situation can throw lots of atmosphere from around the planet. That thing can cause a very powerful punch to the planet or its moon. 

If that object travels to its star at a certain angle or goes a little bit past the star, gravity can push it into a half-elliptical trajectory. The light and small moon maybe the size of Earth's Moon or Saturn's Enceladus can travel out of the solar system and then start to collect material on it. 

"Illustration of LTT 9779 b, the only known ultra-hot Neptune. This planet orbits so close to its star that its atmosphere is scorching hot, glowing from its own heat while also reflecting starlight. Because it is tidally locked — always showing the same side to its star — one half is permanently in daylight while the other remains in darkness. New JWST observations with NIRISS reveal a dynamic atmosphere: powerful winds sweep around the planet, shaping mineral clouds as they condense into a bright, white arc on the slightly cooler western side of the dayside. As these clouds move eastward, they evaporate under the intense heat, leaving the eastern dayside with clear skies. Credit: Benoit Gougeon, Université de Montréal" (ScitechDaily, A 2,000°C Inferno That Still Shimmers: An Ultra-Hot Neptune’s Mystery)

There is the possibility that some other planet pushes exoplanets away from their trajectory to their star. And then the explosion in the star causes a situation in the atmosphere and seas on that planet to boil or explode. And that effect can push small planets to interstellar space. The strong winds on the planet can also make an eruption that can push the planet away from its trajectory. That kind of situation can happen when an icy planet suddenly starts to travel to its own star. 

Suddenly vaporizing hydrocarbon or maybe helium and hydrogen ice can push the atmosphere away and cause the rocket effect. It's possible. The remarkable mass of the planet is frozen gas. And that vaporization can decrease its size and mass remarkably. 

Also in that kind of case the star's own gravity can act as a gravity sling that pushes the planet away from its trajectory and accelerates it into interstellar space. 

The planet can also form when some asteroid travels in the middle of the cosmic molecular nebula. That gravity center can pull material around it, and form even a large-size planet. That kind of thing can cause the form of icy super Jupiter that travels in interstellar space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-2000c-inferno-that-still-shimmers-an-ultra-hot-neptunes-mystery/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-discovered-a-violent-new-way-rogue-planets-are-made/

 https://scitechdaily.com/red-dwarf-fury-how-wolf-359s-radiation-may-fry-alien-atmospheres/

https://scitechdaily.com/33000-km-h-winds-scientists-just-found-the-fastest-jetstream-on-an-alien-world/

The risk of asteroid impact is near zero. But it exists.

"Asteroid 2024 YR4 no longer poses a real threat to Earth, though it still has a slim chance of hitting the Moon in 2032. NASA is using the event to refine its planetary defense strategies and gather more data with advanced telescopes. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Asteroid Alert: NASA Drops Impact Risk to Near Zero, But There’s One Small Catch)

The risk of asteroid impact is near zero. But there is a small possibility that something hits asteroid, and changes its course. The most feared things. That we might not have time to react to are small. And, maybe ship or smaller asteroids that courses can transfer easier. The impact from satellites can also turn those small asteroids into another trajectory. 

The Liberty Statue's size asteroids are things that can destroy entire cities. And it's a small possibility. That some satellites or some other small asteroids hit it at a critical point and push that asteroid to Earth. 

Another thing is that an asteroid that changes its trajectory from Venus or the Sun and comes from the Sun's direction can stay unseen. Those, maybe very small objects can cause risk in a very short reaction time. Can those objects cause danger on Earth? The material that forms an asteroid, its shape, and its speed are things that determine: does it comes even near the Earth's surface. 

The small asteroids can detect only a couple of hours before they impact. But changing their course is not very difficult. The small space shuttle can pull a mylar bag over them and then pull them away from their trajectory. Large ice asteroids can be vaporized using small nuclear weapons. The spacecraft's rocket engines can also turn that ice to vapor. The spacecraft can also dock the rocket to the asteroid and push it gently to another trajectory. 

There is the possibility of turning the trajectory of the large asteroids by detonating a series of neutron bombs on another side of the asteroid. Those impulses can turn the asteroid's trajectory. Or if there is some kind of ocean in the asteroid's shell. The nuclear detonator can make a hole in the ice. And then that water can turn the asteroid's trajectory. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/asteroid-alert-nasa-drops-impact-risk-to-near-zero-but-theres-one-small-catch/ 

Homomorphic encryption can encrypt information better than other algorithms.

As you can see above. Homomorphic encryption handles information in encrypted mode. Or otherwise saying. The sender sends data to the receiver in encrypted mode. Then the cloud system makes the computing process. And then the cloud system transmits data to the receiver, who will decrypt the answer using its own decryption key. And that keeps the cloud services more secure than before. 

The encryption can also protect the system against malware. When the system stores data in encrypted mode, it can prevent malicious software from running. That keeps data safe, also in cases. Where thieves physically steal hard disks. 

The next part is taken from Wikipedia, Homomorphic Encryption. 

The homomorphic algorithms were useless when they were created in the 1970's. The best way to use that algorithm is to use it to secure data that travels between servers and clients. That means the homomorphic encryption is not so effective in communication between two equal workstations. However, the cloud-based data architecture makes homomorphic encryption more effective. In that model, the cloud is the tool that has a similar role. 

Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption with an additional evaluation capability for computing over encrypted data without access to the secret key. The result of such a computation remains encrypted. Homomorphic encryption can be viewed as an extension of public-key cryptography. Homomorphic refers to homomorphism in algebra: the encryption and decryption functions can be thought of as homomorphisms between plaintext and ciphertext spaces.

Homomorphic encryption includes multiple types of encryption schemes that can perform different classes of computations over encrypted data. The computations are represented as either Boolean or arithmetic circuits. Some common types of homomorphic encryption are partially homomorphic, somewhat homomorphic, leveled fully homomorphic, and fully homomorphic encryption:

Partially homomorphic encryption encompasses schemes that support the evaluation of circuits consisting of only one type of gate, e.g., addition or multiplication.

Somewhat homomorphic encryption schemes can evaluate two types of gates, but only for a subset of circuits.

Leveled fully homomorphic encryption supports the evaluation of arbitrary circuits composed of multiple types of gates of bounded (pre-determined) depth.

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows the evaluation of arbitrary circuits composed of multiple types of gates of unbounded depth and is the strongest notion of homomorphic encryption.

For the majority of homomorphic encryption schemes, the multiplicative depth of circuits is the main practical limitation in performing computations over encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption schemes are inherently malleable. In terms of malleability, homomorphic encryption schemes have weaker security properties than non-homomorphic schemes". 

(Wikipedia, Homomorphic encryption)

As the supercomputers had in the past. So, we can say that in homomorphic encryption the system pushes the data handling process to the back office out from the user's eyes. The entire data handling process happens in the cloud. And that makes homomorphic encryption more secure than traditional two-stage (RSA) encryption. 

The two-stage homomorphic encryption can also make the networking between equal workstations more secure. In that model, the sender must not know the receiver's decryption key. The idea is that the sender sends data to the cloud. There the system encrypts the data again so that the receiver can open it using the receiver's own key. The system can look like RSA encryption. 

The public key that RSA uses can point the message to the right locker or receiving point. There the system decrypts the message so that the receiver can open it with its own individual key. The idea is that all the system users have their own, individual keys. One for encryption and one for decryption. The keys are made by random ASCII numbers and the part of the mark rows that the user gives. The user sees only a small part of that key. 

The encryption key is also the key that the system uses to accept information. If the key is wrong the system denies the message. The system hides its internal key-pair which is a combination of the sender's encryption key and the key that the system generates. 

That combination is the key that the system uses the encrypt information. Then receiving system uses that key and the receiver's private key to decrypt the message. The point where the sender sends data to the receiver is vulnerable. The system must keep encryption and decryption keys secret. The system must also be careful that the receiving system can decode that data using its own individual key. 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphic_encryption

GPS jamming and spoofing are normal tools in modern warfare.

The GNSS/GPS jamming and spoofing are things that require counter-actions. Theoretically, GPS jamming and spoofing is quite an easy thing to do. The system must only make the signal that disturbs the GPS code. And that denies the GPS use. Another thing that can break the GPS is the plasma shield between the satellite and the ground station. Also, the hacked GPS signal can uncover the locations of opposite troops. That means the operators must find different ways to navigate. 

In submarines and naval operations, the atom-clock-based navigation systems that search the changes in the Earth's gravity field can be tools that make GPS unnecessary. The system bases the weight that is calibrated for a certain point on Earth. Then the system follows changes in the weight that is on the libra. The system also follows time dilation in the atom clock. 

The atom clock can also act as a chronometer. The system can measure the time that a submarine uses at a certain speed. When the submarine changes its course, that system makes the mark and then it starts to calculate and draw the new line. That gives the ability to measure the distance accurately. Along with inertia, this system gives very high accuracy to the system. The artificial intelligence can calculate the distance even if the submarine changes its speed and makes a zic-zac movement. 

In some versions, the gestational photo-recon satellites stratospheric satellites, and drone swarms send images from the operational areas. Stratospheric satellite means. An airship or balloon that hovers in an atmosphere higher than aircraft but lower than satellites. Those systems can also equipped with counter-missile systems that make them less vulnerable to AA- and aircraft-launched missiles. 

Same way satellites, or at least military satellites require anti-missile systems that can destroy incoming ASAT (Anti-satellite weapons). But the lasers. And other DEW direct energy weapons are changing that situation. 

The own troops send laser signals upwards that those systems see. And then they can send the location of those troops to them. The weakness of those systems is that weather affects their abilities. 

Another way is to use radar satellites that activate transponders that the ground forces use. The radar satellite sees if the area is under jamming because that jamming disturbs the image that it sends. The problem with active jamming is that the jammer system is vulnerable to anti-radar missiles. The system can send the 3D map image to the users. The problem is that this kind of system is possible to jam in similar ways. As the GPS itself. The drone swarm that hovers below the clouds can also track its own troops. The limited operational time is the problem with those systems. 

When we think about things like GPS-guided weapons the TERCOM-inertial combination with the optical seeker, system can make guided weapons immune to GPS jamming. The system uses the 3D map that radar satellites create to navigate aircraft into the right position. Then the aircraft launches a weapon that uses an inertial (gyroscope) to navigate to visible range to the target. Then the nose camera uses the image that recon systems took of the target. And aims a weapon into it. The system is similar to that used in Javelin missiles. 

https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/gnss-jamming/

Small robots can act as robot puzzles.

"A new ultra-light swimming robot mimics marine flatworms, using silent undulating fins for precise movement in tight aquatic spaces. It could revolutionize environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. Credit: EPFL-LMTS" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Develop Tiny 6-Gram Robot That Swims Through Tight Spaces With Ease)

The small robots can act as individual tools. But, they can also act as the bites in puzzles. Engineers made a six-gram robot. That can research its environment. Or a swarm of those small robots can cover large areas. The swarm of small robots can use non-centralized cloud-based neural networks. The robot can operate in water. But if it's the quadcopter shape that thing can also fly. 

In some models, the lasers or high-power radio waves can transport energy to those systems. The laser beam can transfer energy to the small photovoltaic cells. The small plutonium batteries or the cells from electric eels can create energy for those systems. 

The small robots can operate in their entirety. Each robot can have different sensors like laser spectrometers, microphones, seismic sensors, or cameras. The robot group can operate in small water areas or they can fly, if they are small quadcopters. They can search for pollution, and toxic chemicals, hear bird sounds, and go to dangerous places. 

In the military world, they can search and eavesdrop on enemy installations. The small-size robots can also make it possible to create new types of nuclear bombs. That is the robot swarm. In that robot swarms robots carry small neptunium or plutonium bites. And then they can go together forming a critical mass. 

"An artist’s depiction of a material-like collective of robots forming a rigid device. Credit: Brian Long, University of California Santa Barbara, edited" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Created Shape-Shifting Robots That Flow Like Liquid and Harden Like Steel)

(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Created Shape-Shifting Robots That Flow Like Liquid and Harden Like Steel)

The robot amoeba is a group of very small robots. It can make even the T-1000 from Terminator movies possible. 

The shape-shifting robots can turn as hard as steel. And then they can take liquid form. Amoeba robot groups are fundamental devices that can make self-repairing structures and even make liquid, shape-chancing robots possible. That means those robots can transported to the operational area using the tanks. 

Or they can travel through tubes. The idea of liquid robots is simple. Those systems are like robot swarms. But they can form an amoebae-shaped structure. Small robots can use neural-network-based computing algorithms. 

Then, they can take any form as the programmer wants. And that can be a breakthrough in material development. Those robots can hide in the tanks in submarines, aircraft, or in spacecraft. Amoeba- robots can travel to the damaged point and repair damages.  And maybe in the future, those robot groups can make it possible to create structures that change their shape. 

When aircraft travel faster, or some car or other vehicle requires a new role liquid robots can take another shape. They can also transform into other tools. So, the robot amoeba can also take the shape of a screwdriver or spanner. The robot amoeba that takes the shape of everything that it touches can be closer than ever before. The ability to read the DNA makes it possible to take the shape of any person. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-develop-tiny-6-gram-robot-that-swims-through-tight-spaces-with-ease/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-created-shape-shifting-robots-that-flow-like-liquid-and-harden-like-steel/

Does a black hole require singularity?

"A groundbreaking study has shown that black holes can exist without singularities, eliminating the need for exotic matter. The discovery, based on quantum gravity corrections, offers a more natural explanation of black hole formation and aligns with thermodynamic laws. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, No More Singularities? Quantum Gravity Could Finally Solve the Black Hole Mystery)

Quantum gravity and AI can explain what is in the black holes. When we think of quantum gravity as gravity, which is the gravity effect of single elementary particles, we can continue this chain to model where all other things like planets, stars, and black holes are the "clouds" of the elementary particles. 

That means the planet's gravity is the sum of the elementary particles' quantum gravity fields. Gravity is the thing that pulls and makes fields travel to black holes. So gravity is like a "cold force". Sometimes, gravity is described as the river that pulls material with it. 

The problem with black holes is that they act like cold objects. And then we can ask, where they put their material? When huge supermassive black holes pull material and electromagnetic fields inside them their size should expand. So, black holes must or should turn larger. But the universe's expansion causes a situation where black holes get less material to eat. 

And that means their expansion is weaker than in the dawn of the universe. In the young universe, energy levels were higher, and materials were denser, and that caused the fast expansion of those black holes. The entropy was lower. And everything, including gravity waves, was stronger. Every phenomenon is stronger in denser space. 

So, does the black hole involve exotic material? The problem is that: when gravity stretches time and space, that thing turns material into a form that is impossible outside that gravity field. 

But then we can ask are there singularities in the black hole? The problem is that there can also be a gravitational tornado that makes material and energy escape straight from the spin axle. That is one of the things that can explain the strange expansion of the black holes. Singularity is the condition where all particles in the material, electrons, quarks, and bosons are pressed into one entirety. That thing forms an extremely dense object. 

"Machine learning is helping LIGO scientists extract meaningful signals from chaotic data, opening doors for future breakthroughs in astrophysics and data science. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Breakthrough AI Reveals the Universe’s Hidden Signals)

And then, before we crush singularities. We can think that maybe all black holes are not similar. It's possible that:

1) All black holes have singularity.

2) Some black holes have no singularity. 

3) Singularities do not exist in black holes. 

4) Singularities can be a short-term phenomenon. That means singularity can turn the quantum fields into tornadoes before they vanish. Or fall into that gravity (or quantum) tornado. 

That explains gravity as the tornado-shaped structure that conducts energy out from the black hole. And maybe that tornado, or tunnel injects that singularity, out from the black hole. The singularity can seem very dense object. 

But there those particles are as entirety. There the quantum strings (or superstrings) form a tight yarnball-looking structure. And that allows the quantum fields or extremely short wavelength radiation can interact with those strings. When a black hole forms in a supernova explosion the energy and material falls against that object. 

That outside energy pulls those strings against each other. But there is a short moment when the outside field doesn't touch that thing. At that moment the shell of the black hole's core jumps out. In that moment which can be a trillionth of a second energy is released between those strings. That forms entropy. The growing entropy means that there is more and more space between those superstrings. The black hole is quite similar to a hurricane. Only the size of particles that move in black holes and tropical storms is different. In black holes, the quantum fields are things that make tornadoes. In tropical hurricanes, the air molecules are moving. 

Even if the singularity does not exist the model where outside energy keeps a black hole in its form requires outcoming energy. Entropy grows when the universe turns cooler or lower energy. Space between particles makes entropy. When entropy grows in very large systems. That is hard to see. The entropy in the universe exists. And its level is always higher. But it's hard to see that growing entropy. 

There is entropy at all levels in the universe. Entropy destroys objects from elementary particles to things like stars and planets. And it expands to quarks and other things bosons. The entropy exists in all particles in the universe. 

The fast-spinning singularity can form a quantum tornado that rips the singularity into pieces. So, that quantum tornado pulls those superstrings through it. The thing is that the black hole is interaction. The outcoming material and energy keep that structure in its form. Without that pressure, black holes will turn into radiation in a very short time. 

https://scitechdaily.com/breakthrough-ai-reveals-the-universes-hidden-signals/

https://scitechdaily.com/no-more-singularities-quantum-gravity-could-finally-solve-the-black-hole-mystery/

A time, when back holes collide.

Sometimes, black holes collide. And that event releases a lot of energy. The animation shows when those monsters come near to them. Before event horizons merge into one their acceleration disks cross each other. That thing can form a third black hole in the middle of those two black holes and in a short time, the black holes are in the chain. The black holes are incredible energy packages. 

There is a model that the black holes are the spin chains of the black holes. The idea is that the relativistic jets from black holes press materials inside into black holes. And if black holes can form the spin chain that can explain how the gravity tornado forms. The series of singularity is one way to model the wormhole. In some other models the, still hypothetical, Einstein-Rosen bridge is a stretched gravity field. The wormhole can be very long but it can seem very short. 

The wormhole can travel past the entire universe and its exhaust point, the white hole can be just next to the black hole that pulls material inside it. The fact is that the wormhole might not even be visible. The black hole stretches particles and material and when they come out from the white hole they can send gamma- X-ray or even gravity waves. So the white hole might be the gamma source there is no black hole. 

Can wormholes be the spin chain of black holes?

Black holes behave like particles. The idea in black holes spin chain is that. Black holes can form a spin chain like all other particles. The relativistic jet forms a high-energy quantum point that takes other energy fields with it. That forms the energy or wave movement tornado or tunnel. And that tunnel can also pull gravity waves into the structure that closes outside energy fields out from it. 

The material in the black holes is interesting. If there is the possibility that the quark chain forms when the black hole's ultimate gravity stretches the hadrons like protons and neutrons. The quarks chain can explain the nature of dark matter.  

If quarks can form the spin chain that thing means that the particle can aim wave movement over it. Or if so-called quantum chains are forming the spin chains. There is a possibility that the spin chain can aim for energy and radiation to bypass the particle. And that can make the particle invisible.

 

A hidden planet was revealed in 20 light years from Earth.

"HD 20794 d, (82 G. Eridani d ) a planet six times the mass of Earth, orbits a Sun-like star just 20 light-years away. Its presence was confirmed after years of meticulous analysis, overcoming the limits of detection technology."(ScitechDaily, A Hidden Planet Revealed: Could This Be One of Our Best Chances at Finding Alien Life?)

"Although it lies in the habitable zone, its elliptical orbit presents challenges in determining its true potential for life. Future telescopes may soon provide deeper insights into its atmosphere, making this one of the most exciting exoplanet discoveries in recent years."(ScitechDaily, A Hidden Planet Revealed: Could This Be One of Our Best Chances at Finding Alien Life?)

The new planet is interesting. Because it orbits stars similar to our sun in 20 light years away. That planet is in the habitable zone. And that can be the best candidate for extraterrestrial lifeform. The planet HD 20794 d is not in the habitable zone all the time.  That planet's trajectory is very elliptic and it orbits around its sun HD 20794, known also as 82 Eridani. That star is quite similar G-type star as our sun. The star is a little bit colder than our sun, and the exoplanet HD 20794 d has a mass six times Earth's. That means that big exoplanets can have habitable moons. The exoplanet HD 20794 d is the thing that should make us think about life in the universe in new ways. 

"The orbit of HD 20794 d places it within the habitable zone of the HD 20794 system, meaning it is at the right distance from its star to sustain liquid water on its surface. Credit: Gabriel Pérez Díaz, SMM (IAC)" (ScitechDaily, A Hidden Planet Revealed: Could This Be One of Our Best Chances at Finding Alien Life?)

An artist's impression of a global subsurface ocean of liquid water on Saturn's Enceladus moon. (Wikipedia, Enceladus). 

"Size comparison between Enceladus (lower left), the Moon (upper left) and Earth) (Wikipedia, Enceladus).

Can icy oceans on icy moons host life?  

Things like cells are a thing that makes life on Earth possible. The cells and DNA can form millions of different types of organisms. Woods, bears, and fishes live on the same planet with sea anemones and bacteria. Those creatures have only one thing that combines them. They all have a similar cell structure. And they all live on the same planet. Same way we cannot close out the possibility that some other planets can support life that is totally different than life on Earth. Cells and DNA double-helix molecules don't mean that lifeforms on distant planets are similar to life on Earth. 

"A model of Titan's internal structure showing ice-six layer" (Wikipedia, Titan)

"Size comparison: Titan (lower left) with the Moon and Earth (top and right)" (Wikipedia, Titan)

Once astronomer Carl Sagan introduced an idea about theoretical living bubbles that live in the gas giant's atmosphere. Similar living balls can also hover. In the low-gravity moons like Europa and Enceladus moon oceans. Those living balls are only one early hypothesis of what the lifeforms can look like. We know that there is an ocean under the icy shells of the Enceladus, Europa, and other big moons. There is also mysterious methane emission on Satrurn's Titan moon. 

That moon is so cold that there should not be any lifeforms. That moon should be dry without any water. But now researchers noticed. That there are hydrocarbon oceans on the moon's surface. And there is quite a big possibility. Under the Titan moon's shell, there is a subsurface water ocean. Another interesting question is how the moon whose surface gravity is 0,138g can host an atmosphere that is 1,45 times denser than Earth. The Moon's gravity is 0.1654. 

There is the possibility that the longer distance from the Sun makes the Titan atmosphere possible. But Saturn's gravity is the thing that should pull that nitrogen off around Titan. The remarkable thing is that there is no free oxygen in Titan's atmosphere. But Enceladus has no atmosphere at all. The weak gravity on Titan and Enceladus can explain the liquid water under the Titan and Enceladus shells. But the methane emission is one of the most interesting things in the world. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-hidden-planet-revealed-could-this-be-one-of-our-best-chances-at-finding-alien-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/beneath-the-ice-titans-six-mile-deep-methane-crust-could-rewrite-planetary-science/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/82_G._Eridani

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/82_G._Eridani_d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)

Genetic engineering and computing, with nanotechnology, have a brilliant future.

"Researchers at the University of Galway have created APOLLO, the world’s largest collection of digital microbe models—247,092 in total—to revolutionize our understanding of the human microbiome and its role in health. This unprecedented database will enable scientists to study how microbes interact with the body, accelerating discoveries in diagnostics, treatments, and precision healthcare. Credit: University of Galway" (ScitechDaily, Meet APOLLO: Researchers Create World’s Largest Digital Microbe Collection)

The next-generation nanotechnology. Genetic engineering is an interesting, promising, and frightening tool. Genetic engineering means that researchers can manipulate the cell's genomes. They can transform one cell into another one. They can create multiple copies of the cells. And the highly advanced nanotechnology makes it possible to create DNA by using digitally stored information. 

If the genetic data is stored in the digital archives. Like a computer's hard disk that makes deadly viruses safer. The highly advanced simulations are tools that allow us to test chemicals and their influence on cells and viruses that can be dangerous. The knowledge of the information that the DNA involves and the points where certain data is stored helps to create simulations or digital twins for the viruses and bacteria. Those things can make it possible to create things like sonic waves that can destroy only infected cells.  

"A study reveals that the fungus Beauveria bassiana manipulates fruit flies’ immune systems to kill brain cells, causing neurodegeneration, highlighting how fungal infections could, in principle, affect the human brain." (ScitechDaily, This Deadly Fungus “Hacks” the Immune System, Causing the Brain To Self-Destruct)

The ability to hack the immune system makes it possible to create medicals that will not activate the immune system. Same way organ transplants can survive better if the tissue itself orders the immune cells to stay off that tissue. That makes it possible to remove the immune suppression medicines. But those technologies are under research. The ability to create tissue or organs that can suppress the immune system only on that tissue or organ could be a breakthrough. 

The deadly parasite fungus is the thing that can reorder the cells to die. That effect is seen in the banana flies. There is the possibility to create genetically engineered fungus that travels to the cancer cells. Then the fungus can destroy the targeted cells. This kind of fungus can also make many other medicines unnecessary, but the problem is that those funguses can also offer the worst biological weapons that we can imagine. 

That fungus can cause gangrenes. Also in the human body.  But if the researchers can manipulate that fungus. It infects only the cancer or bacteria tissues that can make new types of medical treatment possible. In some scenarios, the worms can be manipulated to make the clones of the human cells. And those cells can be used to fix tissue damage. 

But there is an interesting scenario about devices that can regenerate the body. Is quite easy to create the DNA bite that can cause cells to divide. The problem is that the DNA in the cells must be renewed. That thing is easy to make for individual cells. But the problem is that there are lots of cells in the human body. The system must remove and replace the DNA from the cell's nucleus. Then it must replace the old mitochondria using fresh ones. 

If that kind of thing is possible for a large number of cells, there is the possibility that the fresh cells order the old ones to die. The genetically engineered fungus can make that thing possible. The problem in tissue renewal and fixing damages in the body include similar problems. There must be cells or nutrients for fast-dividing cells. 

The genetically engineered fungus can spray those cells into the right positions in the body. The fungus can involve genetic detectors that make it possible to create different types of cells. The problem is how to make enough cells that can fit precisely in the right places in the body. If that thing is possible that kind of technology will allow to creation of systems that can fix even large damages to the human body. And the same systems can increase our lifetime. 

 https://bigthink.com/health/the-quest-for-a-communication-device-that-tells-cells-to-regenerate-the-body/

 https://scitechdaily.com/meet-apollo-researchers-create-worlds-largest-digital-microbe-collection/

 https://scitechdaily.com/this-deadly-fungus-hacks-the-immune-system-causing-the-brain-to-self-destruct/

The ability to manipulate electrons with lasers is important for nano- and quantum technology.

"Researchers record ultrafast chorus dance of electrons on a super-small particle. The measurement breaks the “nanometer barrier,” allowing researchers to observe ultrafast collective electronic motion on a new class of ultra-small particles, valued for their ability to trap and manipulate light. Credit: RMT Bergues" (ScitechDaily, The Fastest Dance in the Universe: Scientists Capture Electrons in Perfect Sync)

"By using ultrafast lasers, researchers have observed electrons moving in perfect sync inside particles smaller than a nanometer. This breakthrough unlocks new ways to manipulate light and electrons, paving the way for next-generation technology." (ScitechDaily, The Fastest Dance in the Universe: Scientists Capture Electrons in Perfect Sync)

Ultra-fast laser impulses manipulated electrons in the C^60 fullerene molecules. That thing opened a new vision of chemistry. Laser systems are good tools for dosing energy impulses to the object. In ultra-cold atoms, laser systems can be used to manipulate energy levels with very high accuracy. Researchers observed how ultra-fast laser impulses excited electrons around atoms. 

And that opens the path to observing things whose diameter is sub-nanometer scale. The problem with very small objects is that. Things like electron microscopes and scanning laser microscopes have limits on the diameter of the structures that send radiation. Another problem is. 

How to make a system that makes reflections from that radiation? The ability to scan 3D structures is important in nanotechnology. And one of the things that could help this problem is the system that puts electrons hover in the fullerene. Then the system must inject energy impulses into the electron. That causes that electron to send energy impulses that can be used to observe this kind of structure. 

"Researchers observed how electrons, excited by ultrafast light pulses, danced in unison around a particle less than a nanometer in diameter, and then emitted excess energy in the form of several electrons. Credit: RMT Bergues" (ScitechDaily, The Fastest Dance in the Universe: Scientists Capture Electrons in Perfect Sync)

The ability to freeze electrons in a certain position makes it possible to create superposition and entanglement in a certain point of the atoms. The idea is that when an electron releases its energy it sends a photon. If the system can trap photon pairs on the opposite sides of the atom, and then put those photon pairs against each other, that can make it possible to create the quantum network where superpositioned quantum entanglements transmit information between atoms. 

The information travels in chained superpositions and the molecular bonds can protect those quantum entanglements. The system that can trap photons in a certain position in the atom's quantum fields can make a revolution in quantum computing. And if the system can control the atom's spin and those photon's or quantum dot's position that makes it possible that the quantum dot takes information to the atom's shell. Then system turns the atom around and that quantum dot resends data to the next atom. 

"Exploiting the hyperfine structure in repulsive light-assisted collisions (LAC) on a 87-Rubidium atom pair in an optical tweezer. Credit: Steven Burrows/Steven Pampel and Cindy Regal" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Billiards: Cracking the Code of Light-Assisted Atomic Collisions)

The light-assisted atomic collisions can help researchers advance the research of optical tweezers. In those tests atoms are frozen in a very low temperature makes it easier to control the oscillation.  The optical tweezers can transfer atoms with very high accuracy. And that can advance nanotechnology. The optical tweezers can also move atoms close together. Then the system can low energy lightwaves to observe how chemical bonds form in reactions between those individual atoms. That thing allows us to crack the codes of how the chemical bonds are forming. 

Light-assisted atom collisions are also tools that can be used for research the new ultra-heavy isotopes. The optical tweezers or crossing laser beams can drive other atoms against each other and then researchers can hope that their nuclei melt together. The problem with heavy isotope collisions is that if the system uses too much energy that thing breaks the isotope. And the laser beam's energy is easier to control than regular particle accelerators' collision energy. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-billiards-cracking-the-code-of-light-assisted-atomic-collisions/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-fastest-dance-in-the-universe-scientists-capture-electrons-in-perfect-sync/

Can dark matter be the small black holes?

Can dark matter be the small black holes? Or is it spin a chain of quarks?

Theory of axions the hypothetical dark matter particles introduce that those particles are like sticks. The suggestion is that the axion can be a fast-spinning particle like a small primordial black hole that turns the quantum field around it into the stick, or rope-shaping structure. 

In this model. The axion pushes the quantum field over it. And that denies the reflection. In some other models, there is a structure in the axion that makes it rotate very easily. If axion is the spin chain of quarks that can explain why we cannot see it.

The spin series of the row of quarks can cause a situation in which there is no reflection or the radiation travels over, or past the surface of the axion.  Or if wave movement closes the axion from the direction of the spin axle that field pushes wave movement past the axion. 

The dark matter's nature is unknown. The only thing that researchers know is that things do not exist in all galaxies. Slowly spinning galaxies seem to have no dark matter. That means that the only known thing about that gravity effect is that there is an unknown source for gravity waves that form the most of material in the universe. In some models, dark matter is material that is between galaxies, and radiation that comes out from galaxies covers the reflection that this material sends. 

Then there were found galaxies where there is no dark matter. That means dark matter can form structures like nebulas. Sometimes is introduced the idea. That the cosmic web, the largest known structure in the cosmos is formed around dark matter strings. But that doesn't answer the question of what is dark matter. 

In some models, the dark matter is the spin chain of the quarks. Something stretches things like hadrons to the row or chain of the quarks. And that thing forms the spin chain, which lets wave movement travel past it without reflection. That thing can make it possible to form an energy pike that aims energy past the spin chain. 

The dark matter is like ding or potholes in the dimension. That causes an idea that maybe dark matter is actually small black holes that can form when high-power radiation presses things like planets into the black holes. Gravity is one form of energy and radiation. So that means there is something that makes those gravity waves move. 

In the case of energy, we must realize that before energy moves it doesn't do anything. Only moving energy is the thing that makes something. The other thing is this: energy can travel out or into the object. And we can call those things positive and negative energy. The idea of negative energy is that is energy that travels to the object. 

Or it travels away from the observer. Because energy travels to the object, we see that object as cold. And that is the main question about things like black holes. 

The black hole seems cold. But the problem is. Where does that thing put energy and material? Material and energy cannot disappear. They can only change their form. The idea of gravity is this. When energy fields travel to the gravity center it takes particles with it. In some models, the gravity center rolls the energy fields around it. Then it transports it out from its spin axle. 

Energy forms the tornado or some kind of eruption channel that we can all as a wormhole, or Einstein-Rose bridge. Or otherwise saying gravity center just transforms the energy form. Every energy form or fundamental force has its individual transmitter particle, called a boson. That means all of those fundamental forces have their own wavelength. And gravity stretches those waves. Redshift, or the Doppler effect can turn the energy form into another by changing the wave movement's wavelength. 

There can be whirls in the energy fields and we can see those whirls as virtual materias.  It's possible. That there are holes in the universe's base energy fields. When energy travels to those holes that puts those fields move. 

In some models, dark matter is simple black holes. There are theories that inside all ball-shaped objects is a small primordial black hole. That kind of object can pupate. That means the extremely small back hole can form wave movement or ring. That denies the material fall into the black hole. And that thing can explain the mysterious, still hypothetical axions. 

Axion is a theoretical dark matter particle. In some models that particle is like a stick that rotates or spins very fast. That ultra-fast spin makes it possible that if some wave movement impacts that particle it can throw that radiation over it. 

If the radiation closes the axion to its spin axle the quantum field pushes that radiation or wave movement past the axion. But that doesn't answer the question of what causes that thing. One of the candidates can be the black hole that rolls the energy, or the quantum field around it into the rope-shaped structure. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-normal-stuff-cant-see/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-materials-unconventional-spin-behavior-proves-theoretical-predictions/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

The impossible crystal that can change everything about reality. (Simulation of the fourth dimension.)

Above the model of the fourth dimension is easy to make. The fourth dimension is like a ball that hovers on the surface. The energy that travels out from that object pushes the pothole to the metasurface of the present. Maybe, we see that pothole as a black hole. But then it's hard to see the fourth dimension because the material cannot directly interact with the fourth dimension. 

When we see the wave movement that comes out from the fourth dimension that wave falls to the three-dimensional universe, or to the third dimension. In that model. The energy that falls from the fourth dimension to the black hole is like a shower or waterfall that takes everything with it. In the image, the fourth dimension hovers above a black hole that hangs in the metasurface of the present. 

And the ball portrays the fourth dimension. The laser beam is particle flow that travels to the black hole. That beam presses the field in the black hole like a stick presses paper in the hole. And that thing pulls everything with it. 

The fourth dimension is one of the things that are impossible to model in the 3D world. Same way, we cannot model 3D coordinates to the 2D paper surface. Researchers made many models to simulate the 4D world in the third dimension, but those things are only shadows of that dimension. The fourth dimension can exist in our world. But, 3D material cannot interact with that thing. 

"In the illustration: A tesseract (a four-dimensional cube) and the “shadow” it casts on a plane—the quasicrystal discovered by Shechtman. According to Prof. Bartal, “The fact that a quasicrystal is a ‘shadow’ of a periodic crystal in a higher dimension is not new in itself. What we discovered is that the projection includes not only the structure but also topological properties such as vortices.” Credit: Florian Sterl, Sterltech Optics" (ScitechDaily, This “Impossible” Crystal Is Changing What We Know About Reality)

The simulation of the fourth dimension. 

"Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions, to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world. For example, the volume of a rectangular box is found by measuring and multiplying its length, width, and height (often labeled x, y, and z). This concept of ordinary space is called Euclidean space because it corresponds to Euclid's geometry, which was originally abstracted from the spatial experiences of everyday life" (Wikipedia, Four-dimensional space)

Because the energy level in the fourth dimension is so high that energy can travel only one direction. And that is out of it. But the fourth dimension is very small and the wave movement that this strange thing sends is so high frequency that it looks straight. And that means it's hard to see changes in the wave movement that can leak from the fourth dimension. But the "impossible crystal" sends three echo waves. 

Higgs field model, or the "sombrero model". The particle is the energy hill inside the energy ditch. When the energy level of a particle rises the energy that falls out from the particle pushes that energy ditch lower. That energy acts as the airflow that moves over the layer. The airflow pulls energy into it. The same way in the wave movement. That takes the energy with it. The low energy area around the particle turns deeper. And we see that thing as a process. There energy rises the weight of the particle. 

That means the fourth dimension can be the thing where those three energy waves can suppress energy waves that this thing can send. The thing is that the fourth dimension is like a bubble that hovers over the metasurface of the present. The fourth dimension sends wave movement to the metasurface of the present but if that thing spins there is a possibility that the wave movement that the fourth dimension sends travels over the metasurface of the present. 

So the energy level of radiation or strings that this thing sends is so high, that this thing doesn't form echo to the hypersurface of present. In this model, we try to model the fourth dimension to 2D space. The fourth dimension is energy level there are two wave interactions between materials in that dimension and the third dimension is impossible. 

When the energy level of material and space that is the energy field starts to rise over the base energy level, called the metasurface of the present. The forming dimension is like a ball over the pillar and energy travels out from the dimension through that pillar, or nicer saying quantum channel. That energy causes the wave movement on the metasurface of the present. But then sooner or later that quantum energy channel between the fourth dimension and the third dimension, which we can also call 3D universe cuts. 

Then the fourth dimension leaves a hole or pothole in its place. And then we can use the "sombrero model" to model that thing. Every particle and space around them forms a structure that looks like a sombrero. The particle pulls energy from around it and that makes energy ditch around every particle. 

When energy travels to particles the hill in the middle of it starts to rise. And sooner or later the hill turns to a ball that rises up the third dimension. That means there is a hole under the place where the particle was. 

We can see that hole as the black hole. But then we cannot see the ball or the fourth dimension. That model is easy to make in the image above this text. But then it's hard to put into the real space. As I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/this-impossible-crystal-is-changing-what-we-know-about-reality/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

Surface waves and fundamental quantum solutions.

"For over a century, scientists have studied how light ejects electrons from atoms, but this research takes it a step further—by measuring not just their speed but their full quantum state. Using ultrashort, high-energy pulses and laser techniques, researchers have mapped the quantum nature of these electrons in unprecedented detail. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Just Mapped the Hidden Quantum World of Electrons)

The ring-shaped quantum field can transport wave movement in the desired direction. If that field rotates with the speed of light that thing stops time in in it. That makes this the ultimate data storage. Time dilation stops time on that field. 

It allows to store of data as long as the spin speed is high enough. Theoretically, that makes it possible to create the quantum crystal ball that captures information inside it. The idea is that the system drives information into the inner fields of the system, and then makes those fields spin very fast. When the spin decreases the quantum field releases information that the system transported into it. 

The ring-shaped quantum field can transport wave movement in the desired direction. If that field rotates with the speed of light that thing stops time in in it. That makes this the ultimate data storage. 

The hidden universe is reality. Even the smallest known objects involve structures and abilities. That nobody has seen before. The electron is one of the smallest components in the atomic structure. The interesting thing is that the electron has surface waves. Just like all other structures. Those surface waves are one thing that denies the long-term chains in electron structure. 

The surface waves are the wave movement on the electron surface. The surface waves on an electron shell are similar thing as electricity, which is also a surface wave. 

But on normal electric wires, the scale of those waves is larger. Electricity is actually a wave that moves on the shell of the wire. The thing that forms superconduction is the situation in which quantum fields around atoms melt into the entirety there are no cutting fields between those quantum fields. 

Those Hall fields are things that cause the standing wave. When the wave on the wire faces that cutting field it must dam the power that it can travel through that Hall field or Hall-effect field. That forms a standing wave and the energy will start to pack in at that point. Sooner or later that thing destroys the structure. And before that, the system breaks the form of the information. 

The information can be packed into an electron's surface waves. Then the system can transmit that data to a photon or some other ring-shaped field. Those surface waves are like stretches on the electron's shell and then they can copy those stretches to photons or backward the photon can transfer similar structures to electrons. 

"Spin chains in a quantum system undergo a collective twisting motion as the result of quasiparticles clustering together. Demonstrating this KPZ dynamics concept are pairs of neighboring spins, shown in red, pointing upward in contrast to their peers, in blue, which alternate directions. Credit: Michelle Lehman/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Material’s Unconventional Spin Behavior Proves Theoretical Predictions) Those particles in the spin chain can be ball-shaped (fullerene) molecules, electrons, atoms, protons, etc. 

If the electron travels through the photon chain that thing can make the new quantum communication possible. The problem is that the electron must not touch any quantum field around it. Or there must be some kind of nose to the structure of the electron that protects the information carrier part. In some other models that information carrier electron is connected with two other electrons that help to protect information. 

The spin chain can help to make that thing real. There is no need to make electron chains over long distances. The needed thing is that the electrons forming smaller chains there three or maybe five electrons are connected with each other. And travel through the air in the quantum channel. 

The ability to make the large-scale spin chain can make new types of protection against electromagnetic waves and possible physical impacts possible. The spin chains are electrons, atoms, or fullerene (ball-shaped) molecules that are connected into chains. The quantum dots on those structures' shells are like handles. 

When energy impulses travel over the structure that quantum handle makes those particles spin. That means there is less energy that can travel to the material. So energy slides over the structure because those handles make it possible for the particles can spin that system can decrease reflection. It can also decrease friction. 

There is the possibility that the fullerene chains and their ball-shaped fullerenes are connected to each other and are the future solutions for aircraft and ships. Because those balls can spin when a ship or aircraft moves through space or material that thing transfers less energy into the structure. And those balls there can be the atom blade can decrease friction.

Friction is the heat effect that forms in a situation. There the structure cannot move the air or water molecules away from it. When that thing moves forward that movement transfers kinetic energy to those molecules increasing their energy level. The new quantum materials can make it possible for the material or structure in or on them to transport those air molecules away. And one thing that can make that is the nanotechnical cogwheel that transports those molecules over the structure. 

In smaller structures, the system can transport wave movement like radio waves and even visible light over the structure without transporting energy into it. That denies the reflection. The surface waves can be those things that act as the cogwheel or quantum paddle wheel that transports energy and particles in the desired direction. 

The ability to control surface waves makes it possible to create the systems that make the electromagnetic waves jump over the structure. That kind of thing can protect the information that travels in the quantum network. Or it can make the ultimate stealth possible. The surface waves can also make new types of spacecraft and submarine propulsion possible. 

The thing is that the magnetic fields are ring-shaped wave movements that transport objects like timing belts. Those waves can also move ions over the spacecraft or submarine body and that can help to make the artificial wormhole to the forward of the body. The surface waves can push quantum fields or water molecules off the craft's route and then that system can pull the craft to that channel. 

https://scitechdaily.com/45x-faster-scientists-just-shattered-wave-speed-records/

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-just-mapped-the-hidden-quantum-world-of-electrons/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-materials-unconventional-spin-behavior-proves-theoretical-predictions/

https://scitechdaily.com/surface-wave-driven-metasurfaces-open-a-new-era-for-terahertz-optics/