Researchers found all five bases of DNA and RNA in samples from the asteroid Ryugu.

“A coloured view of 162173 Ryugu taken by JAXA’s space probe Hayabusa2 in 2018. Credit: JAXA/Hayabusa2 (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

"162173 Ryugu (provisional designation 1999 JU3) is a near-Earth object and also a potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It measures approximately 900 metres (3,000 ft) in diameter and is a dark object of the rare spectral type Cb, with qualities of both a C-type asteroid and a B-type asteroid. In June 2018, the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa2 arrived at the asteroid. After making measurements and taking samples, Hayabusa2 left Ryugu for Earth in November 2019 and returned the sample capsule. To Earth. On 5 December 2020. The samples. Showed the presence of organic compounds, such as uracil (one of the four components in RNA) and vitamin B3." (Wikipedia, 162173 Ryugu)

This thing supports the model. Those life-building blocks are coming from space. And they formed DNA and RNA molecules in the Earth's chemical environment. Those bases, or letters on the asteroid Ryugu (162173 Ryugu), cause interesting thoughts. About things like. Could there have been some other habitable planet in our solar system’s past? 

There is suspicion that Mars has a habitable past. But could there be some ancient? A habitable planet that was destroyed in violent impacts?  The hypothetical protoplanet Theia formed the Moon when it impacted Earth. Nobody can prove the existence of that thing. Because Theia was destroyed in that impact. 

The meteorite that reseachers found in the Sahara. Tells about the ancient planet. That was destroyed in the young solar system. The craters on icy moons remind us. About. The chaotic past. In the solar system. Those icy worlds hide evidence. Of violent impacts. The fact is that those base pairs are things. 

That can form the impacts of the planets. Or protoplanets. The origin of Ruygu could be another asteroid. The best candidates are 495 Eulalia. And 142 Polana. But the induction question is: what is the origin of the 495 Eulalia and 142 Polana?  Have they been part of some larger mass? And do those two distant asteroids in Jupiter's trajectory also carry those DNA and RNA building blocks? 

“How the five nucleobases make up RNA and DNA. Credit: Wikimedia Commons” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

“In the Tholen classification scheme, Polana is a primitive carbonaceous asteroid of type F, which is a subdivision of the more common C-type. Under the SMASS classification taxonomy, Polana is listed as a B-type asteroid, a group that combines both the Tholen B and F types. The spectrum of this object suggests the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4), which gives it the spectrally blue coloration that is a characteristic of this SMASS class” (Wikipedia, 142 Polana) 

(Wikipedia, 162173 Ryugu)

“495 Eulalia is a minor planet, specifically an asteroid orbiting in the asteroid belt. Eulalia is very near the 3:1 Jupiter orbital resonance. It is possible that the disruption of Eulalia's parent body resulted in a mass bombardment of the Earth and Moon 800 million years ago, forming the Copernicus crater on the Moon and involving about 50 times. The amount of material of the Chicxulub impact on Earth at the beginning of the Cryogenian geological period. (Wikipedia, 496 Eulalia)

“Microscope images of Ryugu samples collected from the first and second touchdown sites of the Hayabusa2 mission. Credit: JAXA/JAMSTEC” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

“Ryugu sample in its return capsule. Credit: JAXA”(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found All 5 Genetic “Letters” of DNA and RNA on an Asteroid)

The relation of the gravity. Between Jupiter and the inner solar system, objects could rip Ryugy away from the asteroid's main body. 

The shape of Ryugu is interesting. It looks a little bit like a cube. At least from the angle. There, the photo is taken. This is one of the things that makes these kinds of objects interesting. They can store the ancient genetic building blocks. And in the most exciting model, the Ryugu is part of the ancient planet or protoplanet. 

Some kind of protoplanet impacted Earth.  A long time ago. And that impact caused the Moon to separate from Earth. The DNA and RNA building blocks from the asteroid are always interesting things. There is also a small possibility that those building blocks of RNA and DNA are also coming from Earth. This thing can support ideas.  Maybe Earth can deliver some kind of lifeforms to Venus. Those lifeforms could be like the Anthrax bacteria. 

That could take the spore form. And maybe some of those bacteria can stay alive. And flow in Venus’s clouds. In some other models. Tiny viruses from ancient planets could travel between stars. Those genome packs could keep their form in absolute zero degrees Kelvin. 

Maybe. The supernova, or nova explosion. Or some impact could destroy the entire star. And throw those genomes around the universe. But nobody is sure. About the origin of that genetic material, before more samples are collected from the asteroid belt. The interesting information. It  could be. Is there more genetic information frozen in asteroids? Than just those bases that the reseachers found from Ruygu samples. But if Ryugu is the only asteroid that carries these DNA and RNA building blocks. That is also an interesting possibility. 

https://knowridge.com/2026/06/rare-sahara-meteorite-uncovers-a-hidden-planet-from-the-early-solar-system/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-found-all-5-genetic-letters-of-dna-and-rna-on-an-asteroid/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142_Polana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/162173_Ryugu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/495_Eulalia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(hypothetical_planet)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_Moon

Why is alien life not so easy to find?

“Life depends on more than just water; it also requires a delicate chemical balance established during a planet’s earliest moments. New research suggests that Earth’s ability to support life may hinge on an exceptionally narrow window of oxygen conditions during core formation, allowing both phosphorus and nitrogen to remain accessible. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

Alien life would be like lifeforms on Earth. If we think about the chemical processes behind those creatures. If alien life forms are based on a similar chemistry to life on Earth. That means there must also be other life building blocks than just water. One of the most critical chemicals. Or an element on alien lifeforms. Is phosphorus. And another critical element is nitrogen. Phosphorus is needed. In RNA and DNA formation. And nitrogen is needed for proteins. 

Without those two elements, DNA and cell-membrane proteins cannot form. There must be so much free nitrogen that those chemical compounds can form. Another thing is that if the phosphorus interacts with iron too early, that means it falls into the planet’s core. Another possibility is that. If phosphorus reacts with oxygen. That means it loses its ability to form compounds in RNA and DNA. 

“Young rocky planets begin as roiling oceans of molten rock. As gravity pulls materials into layers, dense metals such as iron sink inward to form the core, while lighter material remains above to become the mantle and, later, the crust. That physical separation is only half the story. At the same time, chemistry is deciding which elements prefer metal and which prefer rock, and oxygen is one of the biggest drivers of that choice.” /ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

“If oxygen is scarce during core formation, phosphorus tends to bond with iron and other heavy metals and is dragged down into the core. Once that happens, it is effectively removed from the surface environment where life would need it. If oxygen is too abundant, phosphorus stays in the mantle, but nitrogen becomes more likely to escape into the atmosphere and eventually be lost. In other words, the conditions that protect one life's essential elements can make the other harder to keep.” (ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

The environmental stability means that nitrogen and phosphorus must react with the right elements. And that reaction requires that those elements have free points that can touch the right chemicals. If phosphorus reacts with oxygen, that means the phosphorus turns into phosphorus trioxide. Or phosphorus pentoxide. The last compound is an important actor in organic synthesis. 

https://scitechdaily.com/life-needs-more-than-water-the-missing-clue-scientists-just-discovered/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_pentoxide

The red dwarf sends a planet-blasting mass eruption.

"An artist’s impression of a large red star releasing a bright, explosive burst of light. Swirling red and orange patterns surround the star, suggesting intense activity. In the background, a smaller blue planet appears with a faint, wispy trail extending away from it, indicating its atmosphere being blown off. The scene is set against a dark space backdrop dotted with stars. Credit: Olena Shmahalo/Callingham et al." (ScitechDaily, This Red Dwarf Just Launched a Planet-Killing Blast Into Space)

The red dwarf. About 40 ly. Away from Earth, a massive coronal mass eruption (CME) was sent. And after that, researchers noted that one of its planets sent a gas ejection, which proved that the CME stripped off its atmosphere. Unlike regular flares and protuberances, the CME starts in the middle of the star. First, the star loses its size. 

And that accelerates fusion in the star’s core. Then the beta eruption. or some other thing. Makes a channel through the star. Then the high-energy plasma from the star’s core starts to travel to the shell. That effect took a star’s surface plasma and atmosphere with it. 

Those kinds of plasma eruptions are very powerful. Those extremely powerful flares can destroy even entire planets and strip their atmospheres. This is the reason why researchers think. The beginning of life formation. Rn the red dwarf planets. starts later than on planets that orbit the Sun like stars. For the beginning of life on their solar systems. The red dwarf must advance over its flare period. 

(Wikipedia, Stellar Classification)

What is the hydrogen line's role in life formation? 

And after that, life has time to advance. But the young red dwarf creates violent eruptions. Red dwarfs live for trillions of years, and mature red dwarfs can host intelligent civilizations. The red dwarf is far different from the Sun. Sun’s spectral classification is G2V, and the red dwarf has spectral classification M. 

The thing is that the M-type star's radiation is far. On the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum. The G-type star color is yellow. The question is how the hydrogen line affects the formation of amino acids. The G-type stars have the weak hydrogen line. And M- and K- (orange) stars have very weak hydrogen lines. The hydrogen line in the spectrum can play a vital role in amino acid formation. 

Hydrogen atoms send much more ultraviolet radiation than other atoms. And that ultraviolet radiation can destroy long-chain molecules. This means that the weak hydrogen line makes it possible. The long-chain and complicated molecules require weak or very weak hydrogen emission lines. This means no other than G, K, and M-type stars can host planets. There, the long and complicated molecules can form. The UV radiation can destroy those molecules on planets that orbit stars with strong hydrogen lines. 

https://scitechdaily.com/this-red-dwarf-just-launched-a-planet-killing-blast-into-space/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification