The new materials and inventions can mean a breakthrough in hypersonic technology.

The SR-71 and SR-72 "DarkStar" (Above)  are the fastest atmospheric aircraft. The SR-71 is the fastest known manned aircraft. with a speed of Mach 3.2 at 26,000 meters. The SR-72 can reach Mach 6 at high altitudes. The fastest air-breathing aircraft was X-43A, which reached a speed of Mach 12. But the X-43A was an air-launched single-use experimental aircraft. The retired SR-71 and SR-72 are systems that can be used many times. The SR-71 and SR-72 operate from normal runways. 

However, low-level high-speed flight faces challenges, primarily the thermal effects that can damage the aircraft's body.  

Whirls around the aircraft, known as turbulence, are one of the factors that limit hypersonic technology. The ability to remove whirls around the body could make a revolution in hypersonic technology. When an aircraft flies in the atmosphere, air flows over its body. If there is a small bulge on the body, that bulge creates a whirl that causes oscillation in the hypersonic body. The whirl acts like a roll.  One of the solutions. That can decrease the turbulence. It is making those bodies as smooth as possible. 

"Artist's concept of X-43A with scramjet attached to the underside." (Wikipedia, NASA X-43)

One solution could be a system that pushes airflow away from the body. If the aircraft can make the air layer against the body and wings as thin as possible, that removes turbulence. In some models. Things like superconducting magnets. Those that are on both sides of the aircraft can be used to push air away from the aircraft's body. The idea is that the system uses the Meissner effect. To create a thin air bubble around the aircraft. The superconducting magnets. Or the Meissner system can be used to create an acoustic bubble around the craft. The system benefits from the superconducting levitation effect. For pushing air away from the body. 

This thing makes. It is possible to create thin air conditions around the aircraft. The new materials that can transport heat out of the aircraft body. It can also make it possible to create systems that can travel with incredible speed. New materials like magic-angle graphene can pull thermal energy out from an aircraft’s body. 

“Diagram of a typical gas turbine jet engine” (Wikipedia, Turbojet)

“Diagram of a valved pulsejet. 

1 - Air enters through the valve and is mixed with fuel. 

2 - The mixture is ignited, expands, closes the valve, and exits through the tailpipe, creating thrust. 

3 - Low pressure in the engine opens the valve and draws in air.” (Wikipedia, Pulsejet) 

“Simple ramjet operation, with Mach numbers of flow shown”(Wikipedia, Ramjet)

“Diagram of principle of operation of a scramjet engine.” (Wikipedia, Scramjet)

The pulse-ramjets, or pulse scramjets, can be one of the answers to the hypersonic engine problems. The problem is that the blower wings of the turbojet don’t withstand the speed of Mach 6. In pulse-ramjets or scramjets, the combustion chamber has the shape of a ramjet and a scramjet engine. 

If the aircraft could make a molecular. Or an acoustic bubble around an aircraft. That system can make it possible to create low-flying ultra-fast aircraft solutions. The problem with hypersonic technology is the ramjet, or scramjet engine structure. Those systems don’t have blowers. So, the aircraft must travel at the speed of Mach 1 to ignite the ramjet engine. There is a possibility. To use regular turbojets to reach that speed. And then the system starts to drive fuel into ramjets. Then the iris closes the turbojet’s air intake. The answer can be the pulsejet engine. Or the flap system, which is used in the WWII V-1 “flying bomb”  missile engine. The pulsejet engine. That is shaped. The ramjet engine can be the answer. To the hypersonic system start problems. 

The flap ramjet.  Or pulse-ramjet, which uses a fuel and air mixture. Compressors drive in the combustion chamber. Then the system ignites that mixture. When speed is high enough, the compressor that drives oxygen into the combustion chamber shuts down. The flap system opens. The engine allows the air flow to travel to the ramjet engine. Another version. Is to use. The shock heating method could be used to ignite the ramjet. The system must only deny. The air flow to the front of the engine.

There is a possibility of using things like phonons to increase the pressure in the engines. The system can use coherent sound waves to press a fuel-air mixture against the wall of the combustion chamber. If the system can make a coherent sound wave. That can press a fuel-air mixture against the wall of the combustion chamber. If that pressure is high enough, that system can ignite a ramjet engine in a static position. 

https://defensefeeds.com/military-tech/air-force/reconnaissance-aircraft/lockheed-martin-sr-72/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LockheedSR-71_Blackbird

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_X-43

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsejet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket-based_combined_cycle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb

China and Russia boost hypersonic technology.

"Illustration of the Feitian 2 hypersonic vehicle demonstrating advanced flight capabilities. Image generated by AI." (Rude Baquette, “China Just Went Hypersonic”: Feitian 2 Test Stuns the World With Blistering Speeds That Could Redefine Global Airpower)

The Chinese hypersonic jet makes a great advance in flight and it will revolutionize commercial- and military operations. The Feitian 2 drone is a great advance for hypersonic missiles and aviation technology. That drone launched from a spaceport using a regular rocket and that system gives more information about how to solve problems that the hypersonic systems face when they travel across the atmosphere. Those systems are ultimate tools for use against ships and hardened targets. The Mach 10 capable missile that flies at quite a low altitude is a hard target for defense. Those systems can use stealth technology and those smooth shapes that the hypersonic systems need are suitable for stealth systems. 

The hypersonic cruise missile can jump out of the atmosphere and then dive back. That allows them to ignite scramjet engines. If those hypersonic missiles are quite small, they can be installed on the ballistic missile along with regular warheads. So in that kind of system, the hypersonic missile can strike with regular warheads. The thing is that the hypersonic systems can also use regular rocket engines. The thing that makes them dangerous is this. They create very strong pressure cones. And that cone can also cause damage. The kinetic energy system doesn’t require a warhead at all. When a 1000 kg vehicle hits a target with speed Mach 10 it causes a very strong impact. 

"Illustration of the Oreshnik hypersonic missile, a key element in Russia's military strategy. Image generated by AI."(Rude Baquette, Illustration of the Oreshnik hypersonic missile, a key element in Russia's military strategy. Image generated by AI)

The real strike capacity of the Oreshnik missile depends on the warheads. If those warheads are designed to act as hypersonic gliders, HGS or that system carries scramjet-driven cruise missiles that can be very powerful weapons. Those HGS systems can look a little bit like spearheads. And that gives them the smooth flight profile that allows those systems to strike with variable angles. 

For comparison, the GAU-8 Avenger cannon’s uranium ammunition hits targets with a speed of Mach 1,5 and that is enough to destroy the main battle tank. So what if the Mach 10 drone is equipped with GAU-8? The normal muzzle velocity for that ammunition is 1,013 m/s. And the aircraft's speed increases at the same rate as the aircraft travels.  When that ammunition takes Mach 10 speed with it that rises the muzzle velocity to a level that is many times higher than if it is connected to an aircraft that travels at 600 km/h That thing gives extremely powerful impact energy to that ammunition. So what happens if Mach 10 aircraft open fire with GAU-8 against the city? 

The Russian researchers are working with a new Mach 10 missile called “Oreshnik”. The weapon is classified as an IRBM (Intermediate range ballistic missile. That thing makes them easier to install on mobile launchers than the strategic missiles. The missile itself finds targets independently. There is also the possibility of creating hypersonic cruise missiles or hypersonic gliders for the larger missiles. 

Those missiles can destroy ships and ground targets from a great distance. Strategic anti-ship missiles that can attack targets from thousands of kilometers are frightening tools. Those systems are following the Russian doctrine where political security is in the primary role. Hypersonic missiles that lay in silos or mobile launchers are always under the observation of the security troops. The long-range anti-ship missiles can threaten NATO surface battle units and convoys. Basically, the RS-28 (Sarmat) or older RS-36 (SS-18 “Satan”) can carry those missiles against the fleet and other targets like command centers. 

https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/russia-could-launch-another-hypersonic-missile-at-ukraine-soon-us-official-says/

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/china-just-went-hypersonic-feitian-2-test-stuns-the-world-with-blistering-speeds-that-could-redefine-global-airpower/

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/putin-orders-mach-10-missile-surge-russia-escalates-hypersonic-arsenal-with-terrifying-new-strike-capabilities-ready-for-deployment/

Why is turbulence so important?

"The sky depicted in Vincent van Gogh's 1889 painting, The Starry Night has been studied for its turbulent flow"(Wikipedia, Turbulence)

“In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between those layers”. (Wikipedia, Turbulence)

When aircraft or laser beams travel through the gas it pushes particles away from it. Turbulence forms in the border between energy or two materials that have different densities. Turbulence forms on the aircraft wings when some air molecules touch the wing. That forms the whirl and when the aircraft moves ahead it pumps kinetic energy to those whirls. There are vertical and horizontal whirls and when they cross that causes oscillation. When crossing whirls pump energy into each other they start to oscillate the aircraft’s material. 

The whirl can form only in cases where there is a higher energy wall between low-energy or low-pressure fields. The idea is that the outcoming gas cannot break the whirl. The whirl can start to grow until the outcoming gas or energy breaks it. If things like laser beams travel through the gas that forms two whirls around that beam. The whirl also delivers energy inside it. And it can remain until incoming energy breaks it. Or outcoming energy destroys that structure. We call that thing turbulence. If some algorithms that can calculate turbulence are possible that thing can make a big advance for hypersonic aviation and plasma research. 

Turbulence is one of the most important things that we must control and predict. Turbulence, or chaotic whirling is the thing that makes it hard to create hypersonic jet engines. Turbulence is the thing that breaks plasma entirely in fusion systems. When We think about things like ramjet and scramjet engines the whirl that comes behind the dam makes the pressure wave that makes the pressure and heat barrier that ignites fuel breaks the fuel-air mixture shape. The dam is the cone-shaped structure in the ramjet engine. 

And that limits the use of the ramjet engine between Mach 1 and Mach 6. It is not possible to create the structure that connects the ramjet and scramjet engines using conventional methods. (Maybe) There is a test of thin wires at the front of the scramjet. The problem is that those things make the low-pressure area behind them. They look a little bit like fish. And when those pressure waves impact that causes whirls in the engine. 

Ramjet

Scramjet

The thing that limits ramjet speed is the turbulence behind the ramjet’s compression cone. The scramjet engine uses a different shape in the cone. Researchers tried to connect those shapes. But that is very hard to make. So in some ideas, the aircraft uses different turbojets, ramjets, and scramjets. The aircraft will accelerate to Mach 1 using regular turbojets. Then the ramjet system ignites. When the aircraft’s speed is high enough the scramjet engine starts. That allows the plane to operate from regular runways. And it gives it an extremely high speed. 

There is a possibility to create a cone that pulls itself away from the front of the engine. The system can share that cone structure into four bites that the system pulls away from the ramjet, and then the scramjet acts as the afterburner for that system. If the system can remove ramjet's cone it makes it possible to connect the scramjet behind the ramjet. That system can make it possible to create aircraft that can travel with speed Mach 12 and higher. The rocket ramjet means the rocket engine that uses atmospheric air while the aircraft travels in the air, and when it jumps out from the atmosphere that system can close the iris at the front of the ramjet. Then the oxygen-fuel mixture will burn in the engine. That turns to using the internal oxygen source. 

However, we can also consider turbulence and nuclear fusion. The problem in the plasma is that there is forming empty space or a difference between energy levels. The problem is that the lasers cannot push plasma using the same force at all points. If somebody creates a laser that inputs energy to the plasma by using a beam that covers the entire plasma ring that would be a big advance. It is also possible to create anion plasma in the fusion system. And then the ions will inject that plasma ring homogeneously from the entire length of the plasma. 

If the ignition happens homogeneously in the entire plasma that could make the system more stable. The problem with that system is with magnets. The same system that presses anions to the ring pulls ions away. If the system uses laser points, it creates energy hills within the system, which form a situation where the laser beams make whirls inside the plasma. The problem is in the one or mono-polar plasma. 

Particles in ion plasma repel each other. And there are small points where the magnetic system cannot press that plasma with the same power. That point is the connection point of magnets. Those points cause waves in the plasma where those particles will jump away from each other because of electromagnetic repel. That makes space in the plasma ring. And that space allows the form of the whirls. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-superdiffusion-proof-probes-the-mysterious-math-of-turbulence-20250516/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet