Black holes again and again.

“Astronomers studying gravitational waves have uncovered evidence that the Universe’s largest black holes may grow through repeated collisions rather than forming directly from collapsing stars. Credit: Shutterstock” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Discovered How the Universe Builds Monster Black Holes)

Black holes are destroyers and creators. The thing we call an event horizon is a point. Their escape velocity reaches the speed of light. The distance between the black hole’s center and the event horizon is called the “Schwarzschild radius”. 

“The Schwarzschild radius is a parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius of a sphere in flat space that has the same surface area as that of the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole of a given mass. It is a characteristic quantity that may be associated with any quantity of mass. The Schwarzschild radius was named after the German astronomer Karl Schwarzschild, who calculated this solution for the theory of general relativity in 1916.” (Wikipedia, Schwarzschild radius)

“The Schwarzschild radius of an object is proportional to its mass. Accordingly, the Sun has a Schwarzschild radius of approximately 3.0 km (1.9 mi),[6] whereas Earth's is approximately 9 mm (0.35 in)[6] and the Moon's is approximately 0.1 mm (0.004 in).”(Wikipedia, Schwarzschild radius)

This distance is very accurate. And the event horizon is precisely at a certain distance from the black hole’s center or its singularity. Reseachers noticed that there are some kinds of waves in the event horizon. And the reason for that. It is claimed to be the matter. That falls into the black hole.

But maybe. The reason for those waves is something more interesting.  Could it be possible that the form of the singularity changes? A black hole is an interaction. The gravity field pulls the whirl of matter and quantum fields against it. And that field effect pushes back the black hole. Without that whirl, the black hole will erupt. And its existence ends. So if the Schwarzchild radius changes, that means the distance between the singularity and the event horizon changes. 

The supermassive back holes in the young universe could form in massive mergers. First, in the young material or quark-gluon plasma, a black hole was formed. Or, maybe some of the first stars collapsed. The key element in this thing is that. In the young universe, the matter was denser. Stars were closer to each other. And that means. The black holes could eat much more. Than modern black holes. The interesting question is this: Did those primordial black holes form? Straight from energy? Did they form in quark-gluon plasma? Or just from the first stars. The mergers in the young universe formed those ancient monsters. 

Nuclear test: Castle Romeo. 

In some theories, the Universe formed just after the Big Bang. The matter that the Big Bang sent. Was following the form, which looks like the ring, that formed after the nuclear blast. The image is just before that hole starts to fill because of the fireball cooling. If that model is true. The theory about the hyper-massive black hole in the center of the universe could be right. 

The ancient galaxy that formed 2 billion years after the Big Bang doesn’t have spin at all. So, could the glow of the Big Bang be so strong that it locks galaxies into their positions? There is also an interesting hypothesis that could explain this strange effect. In some theories. There is a hyper-massive black hole. At that point, the Big Bang happened. This hypothetical black hole formed. When part of the matter that formed in the Big Bang fell back. The idea is that just after the Big Bang. The matter formed in a ring-shaped structure. 

“Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have discovered a massive galaxy from the early universe that appears to have no rotation, a surprising feature usually seen only in much older galaxies. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Stunned by Ancient Galaxy With No Spin)

There was a lower energy vacuum in the ring. The ring was the energy hill between two vacuums. And then the matter started to fall into both directions. That falling ring caused a huge amount of energy. In the middle of it. The matter ring, which formed when the Big Bang occurred, resembles Saturn’s rings. Or the ring that formed in the nuclear tests. When that structure stretches, its energy level decreases. At the same time, the entropy in the structure rises. And that could explain some anomalies in relations with theoretical models of the universe and observations.

Then back to galaxies. We thought that all galaxies spin. But in the very young universe. There was a galaxy that didn’t spin. The lack of spin is interesting. The reason for that can mean that. Materia travels straight to the black hole. Another version could be far more interesting. The massive material or energy flow that travels through the galaxy can nail it into its position. That means the energy and material flow that travels through the galaxy can explain this phenomenon. Or, maybe. There is a hypermassive. An enormous black hole is behind that galaxy. Without spin, the galaxy should vanish. In normal scenarios, the galaxy spins. All the time. There is also a possibility that the time dilation of the extremely large black hole causes that effect. But those things are hypotheses. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-stunned-by-ancient-galaxy-with-no-spin/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-discovered-how-the-universe-builds-monster-black-holes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Castle.html

The fifth force can hide in atoms.

"The Standard Model of physics doesn't account for everything we see. (ScienceAlert)

Researchers hunt for the fifth force. It is possible that the fifth force is the mirror gravitation. The idea comes from gravity’s special nature.  Gravity has no repelling effect, so can the mythical fifth force have only a repelling effect. And could that force be the key to understanding why electrons don’t fall to the atom’s nucleus? In that new model, the fifth force is the interaction between neutrons and the atom’s electron shells or electrons. 

In this model, the interaction between electron and proton and electron and neutron are separated. The fifth force could explain why dark matter became more dominating than visible material, but why does dark matter have only gravitational interaction with visible material? 

There is a possibility that the fifth force’s origin is in the subatomic particles like quarks or neutrons. If a particle looks like a whisk it can collect energy or wave movement from its environment.  So-called superstrings form that structure. That causes oscillation and that oscillation sends energy waves to the middle of the particle. When those strings oscillate they send wave movement in both directions in and out from particles. That packs energy into the particle until it can break itself out. 

There are four fundamental forces that we know. 

1 Gravity

2 Electromagnetism

3 Weak nuclear force

4 Strong nuclear force. 

So where should researchers look for the fifth force? One of the most promising places would be in atoms. Researchers know the electromagnetic interaction that is the interaction between an atom's nucleus and its electron core. But the interaction between positive protons and negative electrons has the dominating effect on that thing. The missing interaction is the interaction between neutrons and electrons. Neutrons are neutral particles. They have N and S poles and that makes a model where wave movement with N-polarity hits a neutron's S pole possible. Some kind of wave movement can leave from the neutron's equator. 

In that model, a neutron collects or focuses quantum fields from protons and then that energy flow causes radiation to the particle’s equator. The thing that makes the fifth force interesting is that force could be missing gravity’s pushing effect. An interesting thing is that gravity has no pushing effect. So the fifth force can be the missing “antigravity”. There is also another interesting detail in the neutron’s structure. Those particles exist only about 15 minutes (880 sec.) outside the atom. 

That thing means that it’s possible that the “fifth force” blows neutrons. There are only three quarks in a neutron. The higher energy down quarks-pair and one up quark. Energy flows from down quarks to up quarks. That can form the situation that the energy stretches a quantum field around those quarks. And that can cause vaporization in quarks. But when we observe atoms we must remember that we see them as entirety. We see all of those four fundamental interactions. And that means if we want to see the fifth force we must filter maybe all other forces away. 

All fundamental interactions have their own transmitter particle. They all have the wave movement form that wavelength depends on the size of the transmitter particle. So theoretically we could transform gravity straight to the electromagnetic wave movement if we have the right particle. The gravity wave is the energy ditch that travels in the universe. When that energy ditch faces a particle it pulls a little bit of energy out from the particle. That energy is the wave movement that is possible to catch. This is one of the things that can revolutionize our way of thinking about material. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-fifth-force-of-nature-may-have-been-discovered-inside-atoms