Dark matter sends gravitational waves like visible matter.

Dark matter sends gravitational waves like visible matter. 

There may be two types of gravitational waves. The gravitational waves with ultra-short wavelength. And gravitational waves that have ultra-long wavelengths. The idea came into my mind because some galaxies seem to wave. If that thing is true, another gravitational effect can interact with the smallest parts of the material. Another long-wave gravitational effect can interact only with large material entireties. 

Ultra-accurate clocks search differences in time. And those differences would hope to make dark matter visible. In those ideas, the system tries to detect differences that dark matter can cause in time. So those systems measure time dilation. Researchers are interested in dark matter,  because, it can open the road to complete gravitational models. 

When researchers try to create a gravitational model the key element is that the gravitation effect forms when some kind of radiation acts like a heat pump. When that radiation, called gravitational waves comes out from the gravitational center, it makes the front side of the particle colder. 

When energy travels to that colder area. It makes particles travel to the gravitational center. So gravitation makes particles colder. And that makes energy travel in it. Then in the middle of the gravitational center forms the point where that wave movement impacts forming a stading wave.  

Then reflection from the middle of the gravitational center causes things, called gravitational waves. Gravitational effect means. That radiation that reflects out from the middle of the gravitational center makes a lower energy point in the front of the particle. 

Or maybe the gravitational waves can be radiation or wave movement with extremely short wavelengths. The particles are whisk-like structures where quantum fields form the quantum lightning around the vacuum or graviton. A graviton can be an extremely small quantum-size black hole. Gravitational interaction may look like Earth's plasma pulses, but gravitational waves interact in different scale entireties. And those entireties are smaller than atoms or smaller than even quarks and gluons. 

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Can gravitational interaction look like plasma pulses near Earth? However, the size of the gravitational interaction is much smaller than the plasma-pulse interaction. 

If gravitational interaction forms like plasma pulses around Earth that can explain why we cannot see dark matter. In that model, gravitational waves travel past some structure in particles. Then that thing forms an impact or gravitational pulse behind that particle. If dark matter is a 2D ring-shaped skyrmion that thing denies that gravitational pulse cannot push that material in any direction. 

It's possible. That dark matter can send gravitational waves. But itself cannot interact with gravitational fields. In that model, WIMP is like a ring and that structure makes gravitational waves reflect from the middle of that particle. The dark matter gravitational interaction looks like a galaxy with relativistic jets. 

But gravitational waves replace those jets in this extremely small object. That structure makes dark matter send gravitational waves. However, gravitation is a one-way interaction in this model. Outcoming gravitational waves cannot form gravitational wave pulses to those 2D particles. And that makes gravitational interaction one-way in the case of dark matter. 

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In this model, gravitational waves travel past the particle or some part of its structure. Then they impact behind that particle. There are gravitational waves forming bubbles or quantum high pressure that pushes the particle forward or opposite direction from that "gravitational pulse". The gravitational pulse is like a plasma pulse. But it interacts with subatomic particles. 

We cannot see dark matter straight. But we can see dark matter's gravitational effect. That means there is some unifying thing in material and dark matter where gravitation can touch. That means dark matter also sends gravitational waves that we can observe. Gravitational waves cause gravitational interaction. And gravitational interaction requires that both participants in the system send those waves. The lack of other than gravitational interaction causes a question: can there be something in dark matter, that makes dark matter itself unable to react to gravitational fields or gravitational waves? 

In this model, a hypothetical WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) can be like skyrmions or ring-shaped quantum fields. The gravitational waves form in the middle of that ring. But that structure forms gravitational stealth around that hypothetical dark matter particle. The reflection from inside the ring-shaped structure pushes other gravitational waves away. And that thing means that the gravitational interaction between visible and dark matter is one way. The dark matter itself sends gravitational waves. However, it doesn't interact with the gravitational field because gravitational waves cannot form a gravitational pulse behind it. 

The antigravity means that this gravitational pulse will turn so high energy that it starts to mirror gravitational waves to the front of the particle. The idea is that the gravitational effect forms when a gravitational pulse forms behind the particle from the direction of the gravitational center. And that shines energy on the particle. If that gravitational pulse forms at the front of the particle or system can create a stronger gravitational pulse to the front of the particle. That thing pushes the particle backward from the gravitational center. 

When researchers talk about gravitational centers they mean dominating gravitational center. All particles and superstrings are gravitational centers. In the Earth-Moon system, Earth is dominating the gravitational center. But the moon is also a gravitational center. The distance between the observer and the object determines which object dominates. If the observer is close to the moon, the moon dominates. And the observer falls to the moon even if the dominating center of the system is Earth.

MOND ruled out.

 MOND ruled out. 

MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) hoped to answer the question: why do some galaxies rotate too fast? Black holes may have two transition disks. The other is visible. And the other of those transition disks are invisible to humans because it's formed from dark matter. The gravitational interaction between black holes and dark matter would be similar to visible material. So if that invisible dark matter transition disk around black holes is real, that means interaction between those particles causes the mysterious lack of dark matter. 

The thing that can interact with dark matter is dark matter particles. That means black holes load energy on those invisible dark matter particles as well it load energy on visible material. And if those hypothetical dark matter particles get an energy level that is high enough, that thing causes a situation where hypothetical dark matter particles start to repel each other. 

Scientists ruled out MOND (Modified Newtonian Gravity). The most popular alternative theory for Dark Matter theory. The problem with MOND is this: it cannot rule out the gravitational effect that has an unknown source. The dark matter is the thing that is hard to rule out. When we think about one galaxy. That has no dark matter, we cannot rule out dark matter as an entirety. 

If one galaxy in billions and billions of galaxies has no dark matter that thing opens new and interesting visions about dark matter. If dark matter is not a homogenous thing, that means it can form planet-size objects. So could the dark universe be true? In some theories, dark matter is between antimatter and material. 

The WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) or hypothetical dark matter particles have some kind of thing that makes them interact with visible material only through gravitational waves. And that means there is some joint structure in material and dark matter particles. But are those WIMP particles "real" or are they virtual? 

A virtual particle is like a whirl in a wave movement. The idea is that the virtual particles can act like real or static particles. And those things can also have gravitational effects. This thing formed an idea for the "Superstring theory". This theory involves the idea that. There is a joint structure. That is involved in every particle and that structure is the same in wave movement. The particle is like a yarn ball or whisk of superstrings. 

In this theory or model also wave movement has mass. The superstring makes that mass wave movement. So if the dark matter is a so-called free superstring. That causes the question of whether the Dark Matter exists or not. The gravitational effect remains. The dark matter is a mystery. Researchers want to make the interaction between matter and dark matter by using high-energy particle accelerators. They hope that dark matter reacts with extremely thick energy fields like antimatter-material shockwaves. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/dark-matter-alternative-modified-newtonian-dynamics-ruled-out/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Where went antimatter?

 Where went antimatter? 

Just after the Big Bang, there were as much antimatter and matter in the universe. But then the scattering effect near the Big Bang or in an extremely hot universe turned some antimatter particles into material. And that formed material as we know it. The powerful energy fields can turn matter into antimatter. 

In a hot universe, the energy level was extremely high. That formed an asymmetry between matter and antimatter. Still today, impacts between particles form a small number of short-term antimatter particles even in Earth's atmosphere. That thing causes questions about how much antimatter forms in high-energy reactions in the universe. 

Galaxy with its hydrogen halo. 

The fact is that the antimatter still exists in our universe. Every day antimatter particles hit Earth's atmosphere. Antimatter may form when a high-energy particle hits Earth's atmosphere. And that impact changes its spin. That thing turns particles into antimatter particles. But the question is, how much antimatter forms in the universe because of high-energy reactions and interactions? 

Hydrogen halo around the galaxy uncovers that supermassive black hole in the middle of it has poles. Those N/S poles of the black hole make the relativistic jets around it. And those relativistic jets form a hydrogen halo around the galaxy. When that hydrogen hits the galaxy's and its star's magnetic fields and plasma it's possible that there is forming antimatter. Also if some other black hole's relativistic jet impacts with another relativistic jet, that thing can form antimatter. There may be antimatter stars or even antimatter galaxies in the universe. 

Also, other particles except photons have anti-particle pairs. There are quark-antiquark pairs in protons and those particle pairs interact like positronium. Positronium is the combination where positron and electron orbit each other. And also other particle-antiparticle pairs annihilate or turn energy than electron-and positron pairs. 

Antimatter is like material as we know it. But for some reason the electric loads in antimatter are opposite. Things like gravity interact with antimatter similar way as they interact with material. Anti-electron or positron has a positive electric load. An antiproton has a negative electric load. The spin of an antineutron is opposite to a neutron. In normal material electron has a negative electric load, a proton has a positive and a neutron's spin is opposite to antineutron's spin. 

And that means antimatter is the material's mirror. The thing is that all natural laws in antimatter are the same as "regular material". Only the mark of the electricity makes a difference between antimatter-material particles. When antimatter hits material both particles turn into energy. That reaction is known as annihilation. 

The annihilation is possible only between a particle and its antiparticle pair. That causes an idea that the opposite spins cause situations where there is some kind of flash between a particle and its antiparticle pair. That thing causes a reaction where both particles turn into energy. 

"Bubble chamber tracks from Fermilab, revealing the charge, mass, energy, and momentum of the particles and antiparticles created. This recreates similar conditions to what was present during the Big Bang, where matter and antimatter can both be readily created from pure energy. At the highest energies, all particles and antiparticles can be created, but at energies corresponding to "only" a temperature of ~10 billion K or so, electron-positron pairs can still be spontaneously created". (BigThink.com/What was it like when the last antimatter disappeared?)

The reason for antimatter research is that thing is a useful tool in high-power rocket engines that can transport humans to another star.  The antimatter flash can also be in lasers.  Antimatter would be an excellent power source in compact power systems. In an antimatter battery, the antimatter particles like positrons are in a magnetic chamber. 

Then the system lets only one or two electrons travel in that chamber in time. And that makes it possible to create a controlled antimatter reactor. First, the system drives antimatter in the magnetic chamber where positrons hover in a vacuum. The system lets electrons travel in that chamber one or two per time. Then the system collects energy using photovoltaic cells or making that reactor heat some liquids. The problem is this. If the reactor's shell is broken, that can cause detonation that can destroy large land areas. 

The energy output from antimatter happens when antimatter annihilates with material. The thing that makes antimatter dangerous is its high energy load. And 1g of antimatter can detonate Earth. 

There is a theoretical antimatter bomb there antiprotons or positrons stored in magnetic capsules. The magnetic field keeps those particles away from the wall. And when an antimatter bomb is used the system opens the capsule. Then the material reacts with antimatter. The pencil-size antimatter bomb can destroy an entire planet. The paradox is that antimatter bombs can someday destroy the rogue planet or rogue stars that incomes to the solar system. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/last-antimatter-disappeared/

https://scitechdaily.com/invisible-hydrogen-halo-revealing-a-galaxys-hidden-polar-ring/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium

Cleo Donut Pro X-1 drone can go anywhere.

 Cleo Donut Pro X-1 drone can go anywhere. 

The Cleo Donut Pro X-1 drone can research things inside spaces like houses and other places that are hard to reach. These kinds of drones can reach places and make maps of caves and houses. And it can search for people and other things from those places. This kind of drone can operate with medical staff, and firemen when it catches fire in houses. If this drone is waterproof it can make underwater missions to dangerous places. 

This kind of flexibility is one thing that makes drones interesting and powerful tools. The system can have cameras and seismic sensors that measure oscillation in the structures. That system can have miniature sonars or lidar systems that can scan surfaces. And those things also operate as laser microscopes. The system can make maps of spaces using GPS or gyroscope navigation.

The gyroscope (inertial) navigation is required if the drone loses its GPS signal. So the gyroscope can record the route, and then the drone can return to the point, where it was before the signal is cut. That means the drone can land on a house and hear things that people say inside it. The larger donut drones can play things like wheel rims or some other garbage. That thing makes it possible. That drone can take pictures of enemy equipment and hear what they say. 

How is lack of financial planning linked with a higher risk of death?

 How is lack of financial planning linked with a higher risk of death?

When we are looking at risk persons who have bad risk management and who take non-necessary risks too often, we need some kind of indicators that we can use to select those risk persons. The people who take unnecessary risks like driving too fast also have an attitude, that they can avoid everything boring. 

And financial planning is a boring thing. So lack of financial planning may raise the risk of death. And if that is true, that thing is connected with a bad lifestyle, too much sugar, and other things, like drinking too much alcohol. 

"A new study shows that older individuals who engage in long-term financial planning have a lower risk of death, suggesting a link between proactive financial habits and improved health outcomes, particularly for those with lower socioeconomic status." (ScitechDaily.com/New Study: Lack of Financial Planning Linked to Higher Risk of Death)

Also, bad company can raise the possibility of dying prematurely. If authorities want to track risk persons, they need some indicators. And could lack of financial planning be one of those wanted indicators? 

Lack of financial planning is an interesting thing. Financial planning is one of the most boring things in the world. And if a person cannot concentrate on boring things that can tell that the person has some problems with concentration. The concentration problems can connected with ADHD and sometimes to alcohol and narcotics problems. Also, lack of concentration means lower education, which sometimes brings non-wanted actors into the person's life. 

The thing is that the lack of planning skills means that a person's lifestyle lacks a long-term approach. If a person lives "here and now" or the person's motto is "Carpe Diem" or living in the moment without worrying about tomorrow, that thing can cause very bad health problems. That lifestyle where a person lives like the last days, that thing can cause liver problems. Those people can also involve things like drugs and other kinds of non-wanted things.  

https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-lack-of-financial-planning-linked-to-higher-risk-of-death/

Bactery's memory can used to turn it against other bacteria.

 Bactery's memory can used to turn it against other bacteria. 

Researchers noticed that bacteria have memories. Those memories are stored in its chemical DNA-based control system. And they involve data about chemical stress that bacteria face. If bacteria faces some kind of chemical stress data about that stress is stored in the bactery's DNA. Then it can transmit this information to other bacteria. The thing. That makes "superbacteria" so hard to eliminate are "hairs". 

That denies medicals to take effect on the bacteria's body. Making that hard requires energy. And that's why at least some super bacteria are vulnerable against other bacteria. The medicine against those super bacteria can be some kind of nanotechnology-based solution that involves enzymes and acids that remove the hair from those bacteria. Or the nanomachine can simply slip into the bacteria and destroy its internal organelles. 

"Researchers at The University of Texas have discovered that bacteria, specifically E. coli, use iron levels to store and recall information about behaviors like swarming and forming biofilms. This ability, akin to a form of memory, could lead to new methods of combating bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance." (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Have Discovered That Bacteria Have “Memories”)

Bacteria store data about chemical stress in their DNA. And that's why we can say that bacteria have memories. Bacteria also communicate with chemical signals. And those things can be used to turn bacteria against each other. 

In some other visions, researchers will try to program bacteria to destroy other bacteria. The idea is to benefit bacteria's ability to exchange genomes. In that model, an artificial virus or nanomachine transports the genome to a bacterium. That makes it able to create DNA bites that order other bacteria to die. The idea is to benefit the bacteria's memory. When bacteria face some chemical stress. 

It sends a chemical signal about that thing. And if bacteria survives from that stress it sends chemical marks about that thing to other bacteria in that colony. That tells other bacteria that it's strong, and other bacteria require its genomes. Genetically engineered bacteria can use those chemical signals to call other bacteria to exchange genetic data with it, and in that process, bacteria can send the genome or DNA that orders the other bacteria to die. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-discovered-that-bacteria-have-memories/

There is the possibility that extreme stars are behind mystic FRBs (Fast-Radio Bursts)

 There is the possibility that extreme stars are behind mystic FRBs (Fast-Radio Bursts)

Maybe some chain reactions between magnetars and neutron stars can explain FRBs. FRB (Fast Radio Burst) is one of the most high-energy phenomena in the universe. And the thing that could form the FRB is an energy beam that impacts with magnetar. That energy burst can come from other magnetars or black holes. When a magnetar's jet or black hole's relativistic jet impacts with magnetars. That thing causes an extremely high-energy impact. 

There is a possibility that FRB will form when: 

*Jet from another neutron star or magnetar hits magnetar. 

*Plasma from supernova hits magnetar. 

*Antimatter impact in relativistic jet raises its temperature. It's possible that crossing a relativistic jet can form antimatter in another relativistic jet.   

"Researchers discovered a universal scaling law in neutron stars, including magnetars, that might explain mysterious Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). By studying the sub-structure of their radio emissions, they found a commonality in their rotation periods, enhancing our understanding of these celestial phenomena." (ScitechDaily.com/Cosmic Enigma Solved? Extreme Stars May Hold the Key to Mysterious Radio Bursts)

In this text term, relativistic jet means all high-energy jets that come from black holes or neutron stars. Crossing high-energy jets can form the situation that there is forming an FRB. In those cases matter can turn antimatter and cause annihilation. 

FRB may form when a high energy burst of high energy particles and radiation hits the magnetars. The source of those particles could be in black hole's relativistic jets, other magnetar jets, or supernova explosions. In some vision, the kilonovas or impacting neutron stars can send plasma waves that can form the FRB. Or in the wildest visions, the antimatter impacts the neutron star's or black hole's jet. That can raise its energy level to a very high level. Negative ions can pull anti-electrons into themselves. And that thing can cause annihilation in a relativistic jet. 

The negative ion can pull antiprotons into them. The difference between antimatter and "regular" material is that the antimatter particle's polarity is opposite to the material. Extremely strong magnetic fields can turn particles into antimatter. And that makes it possible that antimatter impact in a relativistic jet can cause extremely high-power energy bursts that we see as FRBs. 

Sometimes supernova explosions where shockwave impacts with magnetars can cause the FRB. When high-energy plasma travels in space, magnetars can pull it into its shell. The speed of those particles is near the speed of light. And when they impact with magnetars that causes a very high energy reaction. Those things can be good explanations for enigmatic high-energy phenomena. That is frightening and fascinating. The remarkable thing about FRBs is that they are hard to predict. And the second thing is that they seem to come from nothingness. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-enigma-solved-extreme-stars-may-hold-the-key-to-mysterious-radio-bursts/

The Pentagon starts to choose its "Replicator" drone candidates in mid-December.

 The Pentagon starts to choose its "Replicator" drone candidates in mid-December. 

Drones have shown their abilities in Ukraine. That thing means that unmanned drones become more common tools on battlefields. In the Ukraine war things like Pizza-delivery drones transport grenade-launcher ammunition and hand-grenades to targets. And then those systems drop their ammunition to targets. Also, drones can point targets to artillery and other weapon systems. 

The main difference between kamikaze-drone and traditional cruise missiles is that Kamikaze-drone can make recon missions, and when its fuel ends, that thing can dive against targets. And if a small drone hits things like an ammunition dump, it can make huge destructions. 

They can used as recon missions like normal scout helicopters. And the thing is that they can be bought from anywhere. That means terrorists and criminals are interested in drones. Connecting things like pistols or dynamite to them is not very difficult. That kind of drone can be a big threat to national security. They can be used to harm power lines and aircraft. Drones are excellent tools for search observers and things that illegals want to steal. 

There are three lines of drones. 

*Simple and cheap systems that can be used as huge swarms. Those swarms can be used to force the enemy to shoot their AA artillery ammunition storages to the skies. 

*Complicated and expensive systems that can perform almost the same missions as manned aircraft and other systems. 

*Drone swarms. The system's idea is that drones operate as groups. The single drone has limited computing and sensor capacity. But drones that have limited sensor and computing capacity can operate as swarms. Those systems might use different types of sensors like IR and visible light CCD cameras, laser microphones/target designators, and radio systems that can triangularly measure the positions of targets. 

Drone swarms can cover large areas. And that makes them powerful tools. Those drone swarms can also travel to the attacking aircraft's route. And if that aircraft travels through a drone swarm it can get drones in its engines. 

Each swarm member might have different sensors. And they make a fusion for that data. And those drone swarms transmit data that they collect to the controllers. Drone swarms are the ultimate version of a non-centralized morphing system. Jamming those drone swarms is not as easy as people think. 

Drones can use regular radio- and maser communications, and optical laser communication for sharing information. And that makes them nasty tools. The EMP weapons can drop those drones from the skies by damaging their electronics. 

Drones can be deadly even if they are cheap. If the drone is equipped with a radio-aiming system. There some agent or other drone takes a radio transmitter to target. That increases even cheap drone's ability to operate. The ECM can cut that radio signal but the operators must know the right frequency. Those ECM/EMP (Electromagnetic pulse) weapons can installed in drones. 

The complicated drones can be the counteractors against other drones. They are like small aircraft. Some of them are aircraft-size systems that can used against hard targets. The stealth drones can search and destroy enemy radars and AA missile sites. Those drones also can use microwaves or radio systems to jam communication between other drones. And especially drone swarms' internal communication must be jammed because that makes them operate independently. But those systems are hard to jam. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/pentagon-replicator-drones-december

Fingertip-size lasers can revolutionize information and stealth technology.

  Fingertip-size lasers can revolutionize information and stealth technology. 

Fingertip-size femtosecond lasers can make many things. Those lasers can act as information transporters in quantum and photonic computers. In quantum computers, each of those small lasers forms one qubit line in that system. Then binary system shares information with those qubit lines. And that thing makes it possible to create a lightweight quantum computer that can operate at room temperature. That thing makes it possible that maybe we see quantum laptops quite soon. 

The femtosecond laser can control light and photons with a very high accuracy. So that kind of system can used to send counter waves or counter photons that can deny radiation reach the surface of the protected object. It's possible that in the case of this kind of quantum stealth, the system just drives incoming light over the aircraft's body. This system simply drives incoming photons past the aircraft or ship. And then that system denies radar or visible light reflection from the object. 

"A breakthrough in laser technology has been achieved by miniaturizing ultrafast mode-lock lasers onto nanophotonic chips, using thin-film lithium niobate. This advancement paves the way for compact, efficient lasers with wide applications in imaging, sensing, and portable technology." (ScitechDaily.com/Unlocking Nature’s Fastest Timescales: Ultrafast Lasers Shrunk to Fingertip Size)

"Chip scale, ultrafast mode-locked laser based on nanophotonic lithium niobate. Credit: Alireza Marandi" (ScitechDaily.com/Unlocking Nature’s Fastest Timescales: Ultrafast Lasers Shrunk to Fingertip Size)

B-2 Stealth bomber

Artist's impression of nanomachine. 

The idea is that the counter waves turn those incoming photons to travel over the craft. And that means they act like radar impulses, that slide over the stealth aircraft's body. Because there are no radar echoes that make aircraft invisible to radars. And femtosecond lasers can make it possible to make the same thing with visible light. 

Femtosecond lidars can also act as anti-steath systems. The short-term energy burst can detect the stealth structures. And that short energy beam doesn't alarm the sensors that should recognize that kind of active lidar or radar scanning. 

The femtosecond lasers have a great ability to observe things like what happens in living cells. Those femtosecond lasers can adjust the energy impulses that they make. With a very high accuracy. That allows to use of femtosecond-class lidar systems in nanomachines. Those nanomachines can see things that happen in living cells. The nanomachines or nano-size submarines can observe things like neurons acting when they are part of neural structures. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-natures-fastest-timescales-ultrafast-lasers-shrunk-to-fingertip-size/

Space companies tested water thrusters in space.

Space companies tested water thrusters in space. 

Water could be useful as a propellant for spacecraft thrusters. Water can be used as a propelant in chemical, nuclear thermal rockets. The system drives its propellant through a nuclear reactor. That heats and expands it. Normally, those systems plan to use liquid hydrogen, and sometimes the problem with water is mentioned as it freezes and turns to ice. The solution to that problem is warmed and rotating tanks. Also, low pressure can turn the water back to liquid in low pressure. 

Water is also a useful propellant for electric chemical engines. In those engines, microwaves or laser rays expand propellant. And then that electromagnetic stress expands propellant. That pushes craft forward. Water will be injected into those systems as small droplets and then lasers and microwaves raise its temperature. The start-up company called "Momentus" used a microwave-based thruster for making thrust. 

The statement in "Interesting engineering" goes like this: 

"California-based startup Momentus Space successfully lifted the orbit of its Vigoride-5 spacecraft by thousands of feet using a combination of solar power, microwaves, and water, a press statement reveals".

"The company's Microwave Electrothermal Thruster (MET), which raised the craft's orbit, uses distilled water as a propellant. It is one of several systems tested in space recently that uses water to propel itself through space". (Interestingengineering.com/Startup raises small spacecraft's orbit by 1.86 miles using water propulsion)

Sometimes water injection is used in regular combustion engines to help the system expand the mixture. In those systems, the injector injects small water droplets into the fuel-air mixture. That thing increases expansion and drops fuel use. 

An artist's impression of Vigoride-5.

Maybe futuristic thrusters are hybrid systems that use electric arcs and some electromagnetic radiation like microwaves to expand the propellant. The problem with microwaves is they are destructive if they hit some other spacecraft or aircraft. The systems that vaporize propellant using an electric arc are easier to control. In hybrid systems. Microwaves act as a "turbo boost" that increases the temperature in that propellant. 

In some futuristic visions, the seaborne stations that use wind generators are used to launch rockets. The system loads liquid hydrogen or water in a rocket. Then the ground-based laser. That aimed into the rocket's expansion chamber expands that propellant. The system can use wind turbines to produce energy for that kind of propulsion. 

 Developers who develop rocket engines planned to use water as a propellant for the electric-arc-based thrusters a long time ago. In those thrusters, an electric arc causes an expansion of the propellant and replaces regular combustion. The electric-arc thrusters are not mentioned in technical magazines too often. 

The problem has been in electric arc-based thrusters and how to make electricity for the thrusters or electrodes that heat and vaporize propellant. Those electric arc-based rocket engines are not very sharp which they use as propelant. 

That means almost all liquids can driven through those electrodes. And that opens new roads for space engineering. The electric arc-based rocket or arc-jet engine can get its electricity from solar panels. If that system uses nuclear power it can drive liquid hydrogen, helium, or even hydrocarbon snow over those electrodes. The system can used in long-distance space journeys to the Kuiper Belt. 

Nothing denies to use of arc-jet-engines in normal aircraft. Chinese and other engineers tested electric jet engines there combustion was replaced using electric arcs. Those systems use air that the electric system heats. The water injection into those expansion chambers increases power. 

In arc-jet engines, the expansion determines the power of the system. If the system uses liquid hydrogen it drives through an electric arc. That thing increases the system's power. In futuristic spacecraft, ion accelerators or magnetic accelerators can connect with that system. 

In that system, the ion accelerator benefits the water molecule's polarity. The thrust in arc-jet engines is stronger than in ion engines. However, there is a possibility to drive water molecules forward to the system. In that model, the water molecules push against the front wall of the chamber. That thing also makes pushing power. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/raising-orbit-by-186-miles-water-propulsion

Momentus press release. 

https://investors.momentus.space/news-releases/news-release-details/momentus-achieves-first-orbit-raise-pioneering-propulsion-system

How to make artificial gravity?

 How to make artificial gravity? 

Above is the artist's impression of a giant O'Neill cylinder. The hypothetical megastructure or "artificial Earth" can make it possible to travel between stars. But the fact is that smaller cylinder-shaped capsules can make similar things like anchor saucers on the table. That means the rotation speed must not be as high as people think. Making a gravitational field that is 1/1 with Earth is not possible. 

But the thing is that when this artificial world travels between planets or stars the system can make gravitation weaker in the space journey. And when that giant cylinder reaches the target, that cylinder increases its rotational speed. And that makes the gravitational field stronger. 

But gravitational cylinders are not necessarily big. They might be a group of rotating cylinders. That connected to the spacecraft's outer shell, like in the imaginational Mars craft in the second image. 

Gravitation is one of the biggest problems in long-term spaceflights. Many fungi and vegetables require artificial gravitation. And one solution could be rotating spacecraft, where centrifugal force creates synthetic gravitation. The problem is that those spacecraft should rotate quite fast. That they can create similar gravity as is on Earth. But the purpose of that gravitation is to keep the crew in good condition and avoid osteoporosis. Also, gravitation is required to anchor vegetables to tables. 

But the thing is that artificial gravity doesn't necessarily need to be in the entire craft. There could be smaller cylinders outside the main body of the craft that can rotate quite fast. Astronauts can use those cylinders as training houses. There they do their physical exercises. 

Above is the concept of futuristic Mars craft. The system can create artificial gravitation by using multiple, independently rotating cylinders outside the craft's main body. Those cylinders can involve "gardens" and gyms where those astronauts can maintain their health. In the case of damage those "miniature versions of O'Neill cylinders" would act as rescue capsules. 

And there is no gravitation in the main body and cabins in the spacecraft. So artificial gravitation doesn't mean that the craft is fully equipped with artificial gravity. The smaller fast-rotating cylinders are tools where astronauts can keep their physical health. 

And that thing means that those miniature versions of the "O'Neill cylinders" can make interstellar travel possible and at least in the solar system travel those modular structures seem more realistic than giant kilometers-long cylinders. The modular structure means that in the case of the microasteroid impacts those separated modules can act as rescue ships. The crew can evacuate in those cylinders if the craft is damaged. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder

Digital twins and AI are an interesting combination.

 Digital twins and AI are an interesting combination. 

Digital twins are interesting tools. There is a possibility. In the future, the computer's memory will be the digital twin of the universe. Making a simulation of the complete universe is not possible yet. The reason is that we don't know all parts of it. There are missing particles, and we don't know how to model gravitational interactions at all levels. Things like dark energy and dark matter are unknown. 

To make a complete simulation of the interactions in the systems. The computer system with its makers requires complete information about the modeled systems. Even the best and most powerful quantum computers are helpless. If the information they use is not complete and accurate enough. Even the best computers cannot make useful simulations. 

And 95% of the universe is unknown to us. That makes it impossible to make a complete and trusted model of the universe. But science advances and new observations are expanding our knowledge. The AI-based programming tools make this possible. Programmers can handle large code masses and large data masses. 

"The journey to simulate the universe, as exemplified by Michael Wagman’s work, highlights both the historical evolution and the contemporary challenges in this field. While full simulation is out of reach, advancements in computing and algorithms are gradually enhancing our understanding of cosmic phenomena." (ScitechDaily.com/Simulating the Cosmos: Is a Miniature Universe Possible?)

If we want to make a very accurate simulation of the universe programmers need a lot of information but the accuracy of the simulation determines how much data the program needs. High-accurate simulations of big entireties where there are billions of interacting actors are always hard. 

Things like changes in electromagnetic radiation and other things like gravitational effects are things that are important actors in the molecular nebulas. Things like FRB (Fast Radio Bursts) affect ionized gasses, and those things like suddenly coming high energy particles are black swans in those simulations. 

Predictions about hyper-high-energy particles and fast-energy bursts are hard to make because those bursts happen suddenly. And their energy level is hard to measure. 

If we want to simulate galaxy groups' movements. We don't need lots of code. But there still are many unknown things. Things like cosmic fluid and hypothetical mass centers in galaxy groups and the universe require more information. 

 But if we want to make accurate simulations of the interactions of the galaxies and their stars we need huge data. Simulations must be accurate so that they can be useful. Increasing details in simulations increases needed data masses. 

That ability plays a vital role in those kinds of simulations that require lots of code and data. The program itself requires billions or trillions of code lines. And the data mass that it must handle is huge. There are thousands of billions of things. That the programmers must notice and mark in the system, that even galactic-size complete and accurate simulation can be made. 

Another thing is that we don't know how electromagnetism and weak and strong nuclear interactions behave near extremely powerful gravitational fields like near a black hole's event horizon. The complete model of the single galaxies and stars is interesting because those things can help to predict things like a supernova explosion. Predicting those high-energy reactions makes it possible to turn sensors into those points. 

"An innovative AI method developed by University of Konstanz researchers accurately tracks embryonic development stages across species. Initially tested on zebrafish, the method shows promise in studying diverse animal species, enhancing our understanding of evolution." (ScitechDaily.com/AI’s New Frontier: Providing Unprecedented Insights Into Embryonic Development)

Digital human 

AI can search the embryo's advancement. That thing means that the AI searches for anomalies in the embryo. The digital embryo requires complete information on genetics. Then the system must know how certain genetic abilities affect to embryo's fenotype. There is a possibility that every human will have a digital twin in the future. 

That digital twin is used to simulate, how certain medicines act in their bodies. But it's possible that when our knowledge of genetic disorders and other things like those disorders connects with human behavior, researchers can make models that can predict a person's behavior and actions. 

The digital human can make it possible to test environments like echoes and sound volumes in some spaces. In that system, the system makes a digital model of the environment, and then it simulates soundwave reflection from the walls. The system can use microphones to map sound levels. The system can also make simulations about things like how warm the room is. 

Electronic components create heat. That means the system must adjust room temperature during the day.  And if the system knows surface materials and other things. That makes it possible to create simulations. That helps to make more comfortable homes and workspaces. 

"MIT’s StableRep system uses synthetic images from text-to-image models for machine learning, surpassing traditional real-image methods. It offers a deeper understanding of concepts and cost-effective training but faces challenges like potential biases and the need for initial real data training." (ScitechDaily.com/From Pixels to Paradigms: MIT’s Synthetic Leap in AI Training)

There is the possibility that in the future AI will have a digital twin. 

The AI can use simulated reality to test how certain things work. The AI can drive cars in virtual cities. And that thing makes it possible to simulate real-life situations. In augmented reality, the AI can use camera drives to simulate situations where people suddenly walk to the front of the car. Those humans can exist in the digital memory. But they also can have holographic forms. The system can use holograms that operators activate to test robot vehicles.  

Developers can install those hologram projectors into drones. And the vehicle must avoid the impact with them. In those systems, the LRAD searches point to where holograms are. And then if the car cuts that line that means the system fails. 

In cheaper models, the quadcopters can have photovoltaic cells. Two quadcopters are in opposite positions at the front of the hologram or balloon doll. They are equipped with a laser that is aimed at photovoltaic cells. If that laser ray cuts the car is crossed the line. Operators can use a kind of system in portable systems that should alarm if somebody comes to the area. 

"A new paper argues that AI’s intelligence, as seen in systems like ChatGPT, is fundamentally different from human intelligence due to its lack of embodiment and understanding. This difference highlights that AI does not share human concerns or connections with the world." (ScitechDaily.com/The Limits of AI: Why ChatGPT Isn’t Truly “Intelligent”)

But the fact is this: The AI is not intelligent. 

The R&D process of the AI can involve two systems. The system that the R&D team uses for development. The developers will make changes in the code with that system, and then the system is connected with simulators that test how it works in real life. The AI can drive a virtual car simply by interacting with the simulator by using regular game sets. 

The simulator runs on a computer and the AI looks at the screen by using a web camera. And it is connected to the game set's steering wheel and pedals. That denies the AI's ability to affect the simulator's environment. That thing makes it possible to test automatic driving systems in space which is like reality. This kind of set can used to control all other systems. Like fighter airplanes. 

The AI is a language model. At the center of all AI solutions is a language model that translates the commands into the form that the computer understands. The language model can ask CAD programs to make 3D images, and then send them to 3D printers. 

It's easy to make an application that makes AI follow spoken commands. The system requires a speech-to-text application that fills spoken words into AI's lookup field. And AI can also communicate with users by using text-to-speech applications as a medium. 

When we ask something from the AI, it collects a certain number of sources. And then it connects parts of those sources into the new entirety. The situations where we see that the AI is not intelligent are some spatial queries. In those cases, the AI can make mistakes that make the answer look like a crab. If we ask about things like Ramsay's numbers, Ramsay's theory in mathematics, or some rare things, the system gives things like noble families sitting places in their clubs. In those cases, we must always mention the topic of the query. 

These kinds of things are good examples of things that AI requires human users for a long time. The human operators must recognize errors that the AI makes. And the use of AI is not as easy as we think. The AI requires precise and well-articulated commands or the AI can give answers to wrong topics. 

https://scitechdaily.com/simulating-the-cosmos-is-a-miniature-universe-possible/

https://scitechdaily.com/from-pixels-to-paradigms-mits-synthetic-leap-in-ai-training/

https://scitechdaily.com/ais-new-frontier-providing-unprecedented-insights-into-embryonic-development/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-limits-of-ai-why-chatgpt-isnt-truly-intelligent/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey_theory

Radioisotope generators are suitable tools for small-size rockets and drone swarm power sources.

 Radioisotope generators are suitable tools for small-size rockets and drone swarm power sources. 

NASA tests Plutonium 238 in space systems. 

NASA plans to use Plutonium 238 as a power source in long-term space missions. The plutonium is a suitable material for RPS  (Radio-Isotope Power Systems). The thing is that there are three types of radio-isotope-based systems. 

*Traditional RTG (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator) 

* Light Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit (LWRHU)  

* Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG).

"Radioisotope power systems, or RPS, enable exploration of some of the deepest, darkest, and most distant destinations in the solar system and beyond. RPS uses the natural decay of the radioisotope plutonium-238 to provide heat to a spacecraft in the form of a Light Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit (LWRHU), or heat and electricity in the form of a system such as the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG)." (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s New Power Play: Plutonium-238 for Distant Space Journeys)

"Radioisotope power systems (RPS), which are crucial for deep space exploration, use the decay of plutonium-238 for power. The recent shipment of 0.5 kilograms of heat source plutonium-238 from the DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory to the Los Alamos National Laboratory represents a significant step in fueling NASA’s future missions." (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s New Power Play: Plutonium-238 for Distant Space Journeys)

The NASA concept rocket for long-term space journeys is an interesting thing. There is a possibility that those systems are equipped with particle accelerators that can make antimatter for the thruster. The antimatter rocket can travel in the solar system even if other stars are too far for it. The particle accelerators can also make time dilation if they use some synthetic isotopes that are heavier than plutonium. Those short-term isotopes and elements give extremely high energy for nuclear reactors. The problem is that those isotopes are extremely short-living. That means there should be some kind of time dilation in that system. 

The reactor system must keep the temperature of those synthetic radioisotopes like Einsteinium near zero Kelvin, or their existence ends. Einsteinium decays in about 40 days. Time dilation, along with low temperature could extend that time. The system adjusts the reactor's power by changing its temperatures. But the system requires time dilation so that its fuel remains long enough. And then those systems can turn beta radiation (electrons) that the nuclear reactor sends into antimatter. Those missions require new technology, and maybe those kinds of complicated systems are tools that are suitable for those missions. 

"NASA has conducted dual-planet aircraft tests, with advanced rotor testing on Earth and record-breaking flights by the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter. This pioneering work in rotorcraft technology is enhancing our understanding of flight in different atmospheric conditions, marking a significant step in Mars exploration. (Art concept of a future drone on Mars.)" (ScitechDaily.com/Historic First: NASA Uses Two Worlds to Test Future Mars Helicopter Designs)

The image above portrays the drone, that should travel on Mars' atmosphere. Those quadcopters can be so big that they can transport people like astronauts. And those quadcopters can also operate on Earth's atmosphere. The high-flying manned and unmanned quadcopters can be the tools that replace traditional helicopters. So maybe the quadcopter is the standard for the next-generation helicopters that have more abilities than any helicopter before. If those quadcopters use nuclear energy like RTG that gives them virtually unlimited operational range. 

The radioisotope generators are suitable tools for rocket engines. The rocket engines can deliver very cold gas like liquid hydrogen to the isotope-generator's shell. And in that version temperature that this system delivers. Vaporizes that very cold gas. And that thing makes an expansion in the rocket chamber. This expansion causes thrust. Also, small-size electric jets and ion engines can get energy from RTG. Those systems can be used in the darkest and coldest places in the solar system. 

In another version, the RTG gives electricity to electric resistors. And then those heating resistors expand the liquid gas. That thing makes it possible for the rocket engine to give thrust. The isotope generators can also deliver electricity to the drones. That can operate in the Mars planet's atmosphere. The RTG offers unlimited operational time for small-size drones that can be interesting tools. The small-size drones can operate in Jupiter's and Titan's atmospheres. 

And they can dive in oceans of the icy moons. And maybe someday those AI-controlled drones can deliver information from the bottom of the Titan hydrocarbon oceans. The thermal unit or laser and microwave systems can make it possible for those drones to fall through the ice shell of the icy moons and travel to the oceans of those moons. The AI-controlled drone swarms can research large areas of the planets and moons. And that's why they are suitable tools for planetary research. 

The new Mars helicopter designs are under test by NASA. The quadcopter and Kamov-type opposite rotating drones can operate on Mars. And other actors can use the same technology to create new high-flying drones and other helicopters. The high-flying drone swarms have great benefits in the civil and military sectors. And maybe the next-generation tank killers are drone swarms that can drop anti-tank missiles on tanks from high altitudes.  

Those drone swarms can be delivered using any kind of strategic bomber, rocket, or missile. The drone swarm can wait above enemy airfields and when they see targets like aircraft, those drones can drop weapons on them. The drone swarm can get its mission from the commanders, and then the AI-operated drones can search and destroy those targets independently. 

The system uses non-centralized calculations that are developed for animation tools like Renderfahrm. And that thing allows. Those drones can share their calculating capacity and target data. Drones have shown their capacity in the Ukraine war, and that means they are under development in many countries. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-new-power-play-plutonium-238-for-distant-space-journeys/

https://scitechdaily.com/historic-first-nasa-uses-two-worlds-to-test-future-mars-helicopter-designs/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

How can an immortal jellyfish, "Turritopsis Dohrnii" help to extend human life?

 How can an immortal jellyfish, "Turritopsis Dohrnii" help to extend human life?

Bacteria are immortal. The reason for that is bacteria transfer their DNA to their descendants. And that means bacteria are full copies of their parent cells. Immortality in higher animals than single-cell bacteria is not a very usual thing. But there is one biologically immortal jellyfish. 

"Turritopsis Dohrnii" is a small, biologically immortal jellyfish. This small jellyfish has a great role in the research of aging. That jellyfish can take back its polyps form. And some insects have the same ability. During that process  "Turritopsis Dohrnii" removes things like zombie cells from its body. Removing zombie cells from the body helps slow aging and denies cancer. 

" If the T. Dohrnii jellyfish is exposed to environmental stress, physical assault, or is sick or old, it can revert to the polyp stage, forming a new polyp colony It does this through the cell development process of transdifferentiation, which alters the differentiated state of the cells and transforms them into new types of cells." (Wikipedia/Turritopsis dohrnii)

"Theoretically, this process can go on indefinitely, effectively rendering the jellyfish biologically immortal, although in practice individuals can still die. In nature, most Turritopsis Dohrnii are likely to succumb to predation or disease in the medusa stage without reverting to the polyp form. (Wikipedia/Turritopsis dohrnii). 

Turritopsis dohrnii (Pinterest)

Lifecycle of "Turritopsis Dohrnii" (https://www.scienceabc.com/Why Is Turritopsis Dohrnii Called The Immortal Jellyfish?)

Turritopsis dohrnii (Wikipedia/Turritopsis dohrnii)

The question is, what denies the DNA damage in that jellyfish? Immortality requires that the DNA will not damaged. And taking the polyp form back doesn't fix the DNA in that jellyfish. 

There is a process that makes Turritopsis Dohrnii able to keep its DNA in the condition that the jellyfish doesn't age as other animals. Things that normally cause DNA destruction are chemical and radiological stress that makes DNA oscillate, and that means the descendant cells will not get the same DNA as their parent cells. And only just-born human has complete DNA. 

The thing is that seawater protects sea animals from radioactive radiation like the sun's UV radiation. The problem is that Turritopsis Dohrnii is not the only animal that lives in seas. Other animals are aging. But the thing that makes this jellyfish interesting is that it's translucent. 

That means the structure of that animal doesn't absorb UV radiation more or less than other jellyfish that are mortal. The mechanism that keeps the DNA young is the thing that makes this jellyfish interesting. That mechanism can someday make it possible. That the human DNA will not turn older or be damaged. 

The process means that this jellyfish can create new cells. There is always the same DNA. The problem in human aging is that the human DNA is damaging. And if there is something that denies the damages in DNA that thing can open a new chapter in human history. There is a possibility that Turritopsis Dohrnii jellyfish has the DNA that is inside some kind of capsule that denies damage in that molecule. The thing is how this jellyfish denies DNA damage is interesting. And if we want to make humans immortal we must secure the DNA. And deny its damages in all situations. 

https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/immortal-jellyfish-why-is-turritopsis-dohrnii-called-the-immortal-jellyfish.html

https://scitechdaily.com/aging-reimagined-how-immortal-jellyfish-dna-could-extend-human-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turritopsis_dohrnii

Previously unknown high-energy particles hit Earth.

 Previously unknown high-energy particles hit Earth.

In 1991, the sensors detected a particle whose energy level was 320 EeV (Exa Electron Volts). Researchers thought that this thing was some kind of system error. Then, on May 27, 2021, researchers detected particles with an energy level was 244 EeV. 

Sensors detected those particles from cosmic rays. Those ultra-high energy particles are interesting because their energy level is millions of times higher than particle accelerators on Earth can create. One suggestion for those particles' names is "Ameretasu". 

"Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles originating from galactic and extragalactic sources. Cosmic rays with extremely high energy are exceptionally rare; they can reach greater than 1018 electron volts or one Exa electron volt (EeV), which is roughly a million times higher than achieved by the most powerful accelerators ever made by humans". (ScitechDaily.com/Not Science Fiction: Earth Hit by Unknown, Extremely High-Energy Particle)

The question is: are those "Amaretasu" particles between the Higgs boson and photon? The thing that makes those Amaretasu particles interesting is their high energy level. If their origin is in intergalactic space, we must ask how they maintain their energy level. 

"Astronomers discovered a high-energy cosmic particle named “Amaterasu,” with an unprecedented energy level of 244 EeV, using the Telescope Array experiment in Utah. This rare cosmic ray, comparable to the historic “Oh-My-God” particle, raises questions about its origin and composition." (ScitechDaily.com/Not Science Fiction: Earth Hit by Unknown, Extremely High-Energy Particle)

"Astrophysicists at the University of Utah and the Telescope Array have detected cosmic rays with energies beyond theoretical limits, challenging existing understanding of particle physics. These discoveries, including the Oh-My-God and Amaterasu particles, point to unknown cosmic phenomena and are the focus of ongoing research. (ScitechDaily.com/Astronomers Shocked by Mysterious Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray – “What the Heck Is Going On?”)

"Artist’s illustration of the extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment, named “Amaterasu particle.” Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University/L-INSIGHT, Kyoto University/Ryuunosuke Takeshige" (ScitechDaily.com/Not Science Fiction: Earth Hit by Unknown, Extremely High-Energy Particle)

Artist’s illustration of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray astronomy to clarify extremely energetic phenomena in contrast to a weaker cosmic ray that is impacted by electromagnetic fields. Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University/Kyoto University/Ryuunosuke Takeshige. (ScitechDaily.com/Not Science Fiction: Earth Hit by Unknown, Extremely High-Energy Particle)

If the Amaterasu-particles source is in intergalactic space, the question is: how can they keep their energy levels? 

Some parts of cosmic radiation form. When high-energy particles that source in intergalactic space hit the galactic nebulas. That thing causes a situation. The particle whose energy level is very high sends similar radiation to Cherenkov's radiation.

During that process particle's energy level decreases. When a particle travels in the galaxy, it releases more energy. And that causes a question, what was the particle's original energy level if it hits the sensor on Earth with 330 EeV power? 

Are Amaretasu-particle particles that come out from wormholes? Or are they particles that form when hypothetical faster-than-light particles, Tachyons lose their energy and form super-high energy particles? 

Are those ultra-high energy particles the result of wormholes? If a particle travels a long time in space. It releases its energy. Why those "Amaretasu" particles can keep their energy during the long journey? 

Amaterasu particles come from some other particle. That yet unseen particle is even at the higher energy level. So could the Amaretasu particle travel in the wormhole, the energy channel that denies it to deliver its energy? Or could their origin be in the hypothetical Tachyon particles? 

Faster-than-light particles called Tachyons are the hypothesis. But there is the possibility that Tachyons are things that can slow their speed lower than the speed of light in extremely low energy areas in the universe. And between galaxies and galaxy groups is possible that Tachyons can lose so much energy that they form particles that can interact with 3D material. 

One answer could be that those Amaretasu particles traveled through wormholes near Earth. That thing makes them keep their energy level. Another possible thing could be that Amaretasu particles are a source of hypothetical tachyon interaction.  

Hypothetical faster-than-light particle Tachyon that loses its energy can fall in the universe to the area where the energy level is very low. That means they fall from the fourth dimension or their speed increases so much that they can form super-heavy particles that can interact with the material.  Between galaxies and galactic groups energy level is very low.  That could pull energy out from the tachyon if that particle exists.  And that causes induction conclusion. Are those "Amaretasu" particles the Dark energy source? 

The idea is that when a particle travels in the interstellar or intergalactic space. It sends its energy away. Energy travels out from a particle very fast if energy levels between it and its environment are far from each other. And because Arametasu travels in space a long time that means it releases its energy during the entire journey. So the origin of that Arametasu particle is in a particle whose energy level is even higher than Arametasu. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/if-tachyons-exist-how-might-they-be-detected/

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-shocked-by-mysterious-ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray-what-the-heck-is-going-on/

https://scitechdaily.com/not-science-fiction-earth-hit-by-unknown-extremely-high-energy-particle/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

New materials and laser technology improve the computer hardware.

 New materials and laser technology improve the computer hardware. 

Scientists created a femtosecond laser straight from the glass. That thing makes it possible to create new types of flat laser systems that can improve things like laser microscopes and photonic microchips. The laser beams that come out from glass make it possible to create new types of laser solutions. 

The laser system shoots a laser ray through the glass tube. That will send more photons in that beam. That system forms a more powerful laser ray than regular lasers because photon impacts happen in larger areas. 

But the laser-rays that, can come out from glass can make things like ultimate protective fields possible. In those cases, the material that can create energy beams in the wanted point can make the energy beam that crunches incoming ammunition. In some ideas, the energy beam can be produced using nanotubes that are in surface material. 

When the system transfers energy in the material it forms microwave impulses in those nanotubes. That allows to creation powerful, extremely fast-reacting system. And the thing is that those nano-systems act as a group. They can point energy to incoming ammunition. And if they can make an electric arc in the middle of it, that thing breaks the structure. 

"A team at Tufts University’s Silklab has developed transistors using biological silk as the insulating material, allowing them to interact with the environment like living tissue. These hybrid transistors can detect various substances and conditions, potentially revolutionizing health monitoring and computing. By altering the silk insulator’s ionic composition, these transistors can process variable information, similar to analog computing. This breakthrough in microprocessor technology could lead to self-training microprocessors and new interfaces between electronics and biology." (ScitechDaily.com/Silk Meets Silicon: The Dawn of Biological Hybrid Transistors)

But also the ability to create laser rays straight from the wanted point in the structure is interesting. In that model, the system can use electrodes that can input electricity into the glass. If those electrods are in square formations they can create laser beams just from the middle of those squares. 

In the same way, the ability to make laser rays straight from glass makes it possible to create new and more effective quantum computers. In those systems, multiple laser rays are making the qubit. The system shares information as bites to those laser beams. And that allows us to make qubit. 

"Researchers have developed a new method to create compact mode-locked lasers on photonic chips, using lithium niobate for active mode-locking. This technology promises to bring large-scale ultrafast laser experiments to a chip-scale format, with plans to further shorten pulse durations and increase peak powers."(ScitechDaily.com/Nano-Sized Powerhouses: Ultrafast Laser Technology Miniaturized on Tiny Photonic Chips)

The light-based microprocessors can make computers cooler. That ability is required when the processor is driven all the time with full power. Photonic microchips can make it possible to create ultimate powerful systems that can drive complicated code. And those systems can drive information straight to the qubits in quantum computers. 

Biological materials allow us to connect things like mini-brains with microchips. That allows to creation of brain-controlled robots that use living brains for their operations. 

Biological materials like silk make it possible to create new types of microprocessors that can act like living tissue. Those biological materials make it possible for living neurons can connect with silicon-based structures. And that thing makes new, half-organic microchips possible. And that makes it possible to create microchips that can interact with things like minibrains. The minibrains are lab-grown neuron structures. That is used in R&D work in medical factories. But biomaterials are giving a new role to minibrains. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-era-in-laser-technology-scientists-create-femtosecond-laser-entirely-out-of-glass/

https://scitechdaily.com/nano-sized-powerhouses-ultrafast-laser-technology-miniaturized-on-tiny-photonic-chips/

https://scitechdaily.com/silk-meets-silicon-the-dawn-of-biological-hybrid-transistors/

Why the photon has no mass?

 Why the photon has no mass? 

If the photon doesn't send gravitational waves.  That means it doesn't have mass. In that model, gravitational waves give mass to the material. 

The quantum fields are all around the universe. In this text, that term means all electromagnetic fields and gravitational fields in the universe. Those quantum fields are one of the reasons why the particle cannot reach the speed of light in a straight universe. 

Quantum fields are things that transfer energy to particles. They are like air or gas, but they interact with smaller particles than air. The light wall means the speed of light. Or we should call that point the photon's speed. A photon is a particle without mass. That thing causes an idea that mass is the thing that denies crossing the speed of light or the speed of photons. There is something in the photon's structure that makes it possible to reach the top speed in nature. 

Because a photon doesn't send gravitational waves it has no mass. 

It's possible. That the photon is not hollow. And that denies the gravitational waves that come out from photons. The solid structure causes an effect where there is no internal reflection from the particle. And that means the photon itself does not send gravitational waves. 

Because the photon doesn't send gravitational waves it cannot have mass. Gravitational waves make particles colder lower energy. And that thing causes a situation in energy, or quantum fields around particles are traveling back and forth in and out from it. And because photon doesn't send gravitational waves it has no mass. 

When the speed or energy in a particle rises, the particle turns smaller. Then the particle turns so small that quantum fields jump out from the particle. That thing causes a situation in which energy travels out from it. That thing makes it impossible to transfer energy into particles. 

The particle is hollow and it looks like a whisk. When wave movement hits it it causes reflection from the inside particle. And that reflection is seen as gravitational waves. When a particle's speed or energy level rises that thing causes this reflection inside the particle to turn stronger. And that thing increases the power of those energy waves around the particle. 

Also, the particle whose energy level rises will send that wave movement more often. That thing forms a standing wave around a particle. When outcoming energy transfers in that wave, it causes a situation in quantum fields from outside the standing wave that cannot break it. In that moment energy travels out from particles. 

So in photons, there might not be that hollow structure. If there is no hollow structure there is not that internal reflection that we see as gravitational waves. The thing that causes gravitational interaction with photons might be asymmetry in the photon's quantum field. When a photon travels near the gravitational center that gravitational interaction pulls the quantum field around the photon into it. And that asymmetry changes its course. 

The speed of light is relative. 

Why particles can cross the speed of light near black holes? The reason for that is that the particle travels in an environment that travels faster than other universes. That means the speed of light in a particle is relative to the speed of its environment. 

Also, things like the scattering effect and medium affect the speed of light. The sky is blue because the speed of light is lower in the atmosphere than outside it. When a particle hits to atmosphere with the maximum speed that it can reach in a vacuum, it must slow its speed in the atmosphere. That thing causes a blue light shockwave called Cherenkov's radiation. 

Things like gas pressure or how dense gas is determines the speed of light in that environment. That's why there is green twilight on Mars. Also when a photon travels out from the gravitational center its speed is lower than the photon's speed that travels into the gravitational center. 

And then finally, we must realize one thing. The speed of light is relative. That means near gravitational center quantum fields are traveling to that center. That thing causes a similar effect that the particle's relative speed with its environment is lower than outside the gravitational field. The situation is similar to we would sit in a train or spacecraft that travels at the speed of light. 

When we sit in a cabin, the relative speed between us and the environment is zero. But our environment travels at the speed of light. So if there is a wheel in that structure. That wheel can affect the speed of light it crosses. The problem is that the wheel must interact outside that craft. 

But there is another way to make that jump across the light wall. The craft must just pull those particles so small that there are no hollows in them. If something can pull particles in the condition that it's solid. That thing makes it possible to travel at the speed of light or even faster. 

If our hypothetical craft can form a quantum vacuum in front of it that thing pulls it stronger. Then system must transport energy in that structure from the sides. The things like black holes inside the spacecraft can make that situation real. 

The speed of light is "only" energy level. The craft must make an energy level that is almost the same as the kinetic energy at the speed of light. Then it requires the push that raises the energy level higher than it would be, at the speed of light. 

Another way to make energy level rise is just to accelerate the craft to a speed that is as close to the speed of light as possible. Then the craft will driven into the gas bubble. When that particle impacts with gas that impact energy is so high that it causes the craft to jump out from the 3D universe. 

That kind of border cross is the thing that is seen in neutrino detectors. When a particle or object has mass. Its slowing cannot be limitless. When an object slows its speed. It releases its kinetic energy. And during that moment the particle crosses the speed of light. That thing is seen as a blue light flash.