Writings about astronomy and technology.

 Do neutron stars have quark cores?  "New theoretical analysis places the likelihood of massive neutron stars hiding cores of deconfined quark matter between 80 and 90 percent. The result was reached through massive supercomputer runs utilizing Bayesian statistical inference." (ScitechDaily.com/Neutron Stars’ Inner Mysteries: A Glimpse Into Quark-Matter Cores) Neutron star's inner cores might involve quark cores. That means there could be also quark stars in the universe. Theoretical models made at the University of Helsinki support the possibility that heavy neutron stars are quark cores. That thing opens a very interesting vision for gravitation and star research. In theoretical models, Magnetars are very light neutron stars. Which shell rotates very fast around its structure. That forms a very strong magnetic field.  In heavy neutron stars. Gravity locks structure into its entirety. And that makes those heavy neutron stars' magnetic fields weaker but their gravity

 Westinghouse Corporation's new "eVinci" microreactors don't need water.  Microreactors or micro nuclear reactors are the next-generation tools for power supply. Many of those systems are planned to be portable, and portable nuclear reactors called "PoNu" can offer non-centralized power supply solutions for temporary or static use. The operators can connect microreactors into series or in lines. And that makes those small nuclear power plants give very high power.  Portable nuclear reactors can give very flexible solutions for many things. In some models, the portable nuclear reactor can give electricity to the truck that transports it to a ship or aircraft. Then that reactor can connect to the ship's or aircraft's electric systems. And it can give power to that. The same system can deliver energy to the area where it is transported.  TRISO (TRi-structural ISOtropic particle fuel). fuel pellets cannot melt even at high temperatures. That makes those

 Complicated dynamics of dwarf galaxies.  New research suggests that most dwarf galaxies are destroyed when they enter spiral galaxies super hot halo. The galactic halo is similar to the corona around the sun and other stars. But gas is much thinner than in corona. The particle's speed is also much higher than in the corona. In that halo the particle's speed is so high that they from electromagnetic shockwave when they enter to dwarf galaxies gas and hit particles in that small galaxy.  The shockwave, along with the giant galaxy's gravity rips the dwarf galaxy in pieces. And gravity pulls gas and dust away from those dwarf galaxies. But sometimes dwarf galaxies can keep their form when they enter galaxies like the Milky Way halo. That thing requires that gravity can win those electromagnetic shockwaves and keep dwarf galaxies in their form. In modern models inside the dwarf galaxies is also a black hole, the material center that keeps them in form. In models at least flat o

 Sierra Space's Dream Chaser miniature shuttle advances ISS supply.  Dream Chaser miniature shuttle is one of the miniature space shuttles, like X37B, developed for civil and military purposes. NASA used Dream Chaser to transport equipment to the ISS (International Space Station). This miniature shuttle can make its missions manned or unmanned.  The Dream Chaser and its companions can also fix satellites and make many other space duties. The miniature shuttles can carry repairement robots to trajectory. Those robots can also remove critical parts from jammed military and civil satellites that operate in confidential roles. That denies the confidential information transfer to hostile hands.  The space shuttles can carry radars or telescopes. That can observe ground and other satellites. Those radars can find lost cities in the jungle.  But it also can search underground complexes. That kind of radio signal will not involve data.  "Illustration of Sierra Space’s first Dream Chas

 AI needs better management and understanding, says new research.  We know that the AI is not ready. And another thing is that AI doesn't think. It's a language model that can connect data from different sources. And if we want to make applications using AI we must realize that in the worst case, the AI simply uses preloaded code lists. Then the AI simply "kills" unnecessary code.  If the hacker can get the code tables that creates vulnerabilities in the application because the program uses static filepaths,  routes, and folder addresses for its database. It's possible that hackers simply order a couple of applications from the AI, and if the database paths and file locations are the same, they can get those locations and filenames in their hands.  That thing makes the system vulnerable to so-called SQL injection. In the worst case, the hacker involves a couple of new user IDs in the access databases. This thing means that the system should inform supervisors abou

The laser-sharp GPS is the new tool for global positioning.  Laser retroreflector arrays (LRAs) are laser-based systems that give extended accuracy for the GPS. The system base is in reflectors that are on the ground. Then the LRA satellite aims the laser ray at that reflector. This kind of system can used to calibrate the system. When the laser ray impacts a very high-accuracy positioned mirror the laser system can calibrate the GPS satellite.  If those reflectors are in the same position, the satellite can measure differences in those reflector's vertical and horizontal positions. The laser reflector can also connected to a man or vehicle. That allows the laser system to locate the person or vehicle.  Or the ground station group can position the satellite at the orbiter using lasers. That gives the system ultimate accuracy.  "GPS satellites support Earth measurements by relaying information to other satellites. Laser retroreflector arrays (LRAs) are improving this process, e

 Harvard introduces the first logical quantum processor. Harvard introduced the first logical quantum processor. The logical quantum processor has a 48-state qubit data channel, algorithm-based error correction, and multiple logical gates. Those systems make the new logical quantum processors able to handle operations more effectively and easier than previous quantum systems.  That kind of system their correction and many other things integrated into the quantum processor make portable quantum computers possible. Quantum computers require something that packs information into the qubit. Photonic computers are the thing that can pack information into qubits. The information is input to quantum computers or quantum processors through photonic computers.  The photonic computer dumps information into trapped photons or electrons. Another way is to use thermal transistors where the electric field's position makes it possible to determine how many or which data routes the input system us

 E=mc^2 and M=E/c^2 become reality.  Japanese researchers collide photons to make material. In modern physics, researchers believe. That material is only density in wave movement. Material forms when two quantum fields or wave movements cross and form a quantum whirl in the wave movement. If that whirl is tight enough quantum fields from the outside press it into the form of quarks or gluons. The energy level of those fields determines what particle that impact forms.  In E=mc^2  E=Energy m=mass c^2=speed of light potency 2 The formula that calculates the energy required to make material goes like this m=E/c^2 We think that the energy that material releases when it turns into energy is calculated with the formula E=mc^2. The formation of material from energy will calculated using the mirror formula. So M=E/c^2. The requirement is that the energy level is divided by c^2. That kind of thing means that in that process is not needed much energy.  The thing is that we know that photons can

 The retrocausality: principle for time traveling.  "Retrocausality, or backwards causation, is a concept of cause and effect in which an effect precedes its cause in time and so a later event affects an earlier one. In quantum physics, the distinction between cause and effect is not made at the most fundamental level and so time-symmetric systems can be viewed as causal or retrocausal. Philosophical considerations of time travel often address the same issues as retrocausality, as do treatments of the subject in fiction, but the two phenomena are distinct." (Wikipedia/Retrocausality) Retrocausality means that an event can affect the past. If we think that in regular causality information travels from the past to the future because the universe expands, and the lower energy universe in the future pulls information to it. That means the energy level in the future universe is lower than now and past, but we cannot notice that difference. The absolute zero point or 0-kelvin degre

 The artificial black holes. And their abilities.  Was the Philadelphia experiment some kind of thought experiment? What happens if some ship or aircraft forms a black hole? There have been many writings about the Philadelphia experiment. In some rumors Albert Einstein made that test. But is that test the thought experiment?  In original descriptions, one or two sailors were injured because they fell to bulb lights. And that causes an idea that maybe the destroyer USS Eldridge tested some kind of new fire control calculators, some kind of electric-arc-based weapon systems. Or maybe the test used to collect data for some primitive ECM systems.  It is possible. The experiment tested so-called decoys. The holograms or projections that should used to create fake targets into the fog.  In the original version, the destroyer that participated in the test was in anchor all the time.   Or maybe, the high-power electromagnetic field acted as carrier waves and caused illusions. Or made some peop

 Pandora: searching exomoons.  When we make models of another solar system, we use our solar system as a model. That means the gas giants should have moons because most of the planets in our solar system have moons. But we have not yet seen one. The reason for that is that those exoplanets, like gas giants, can be so massive that small moons cannot cause anomalies in their trajectories. And most of the exomoons should be quite small objects.  If some large, about Earth-size moon, orbits some massive planet or brown dwarf and the system will not make over overpass between its star and Earth, and the moon doesn't travel between its planet or brown dwarf and Earth those kinds of moons are hard to detect. And if that moon orbits bright stars like G-2 or Sun-type stars it's even harder to see. The star's brightness will not decrease if a small planet travels between it and Earth. Also normal stellar activity, like starspots, can cause changes in the star's brightness.  This

 Why does gravity just pull and not push?  Gravity makes potholes or wells, not hills. Or actually, we can say that the gravitational center is in the gravity pothole. The problem is that we don't know what gravity is. We know that gravity is the force that pulls particles together. Gravity is radiation like all other interactions. And that means it should act like all other fundamental interactions, electromagnetics, and weak and strong nuclear forces.  Why do we sometimes talk about gravity hills, when we talk about black holes? In that model, gravity is one energy form, and gravity hill is the same thing as a gravity pothole, but to make that thing easier to model, we, or at least I turn that pothole upside down. And that's why gravity wells, gravity potholes, and gravity hills are the same things. Same way talking about gravity hills when we should say gravity potholes makes it easier to model gravity waves. It's easier to say that a hill sends gravitational waves than

 Relativistic jet: galactic light saber.  "Princeton researchers have found that the M87* black hole expels energy outward, contributing to the formation of massive jets. This discovery, rooted in Einstein’s theory of relativity, challenges traditional views of black holes and could be further tested with advanced telescopes. The study opens new avenues in understanding black hole dynamics, though it stops short of definitively explaining the source of the jets’ power. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily.com/Einstein’s Twist: Princeton Astrophysicists Unravel the Mystery of Black Hole Jets and Galactic “Lightsabers”) "An animation showing how the magnetic field crossing the black hole’s event horizon twists up as as the black hole rotates more quickly. A faster-rotating black hole `winds up’ the magnetic field more quickly, causing the black hole to lose more energy to its surroundings. A team of Princeton astrophysicists observed the wind-up of magnetic field lines

 The quantum batteries break causality.  Indefinite causal order (ICO) revolutionizes quantum batteries.  In the regular world "causality" follows certain rules.  When case A predicts case B (AB) that closes the opposite case away. At the same time, B cannot predict A in the same system. In the quantum world, A can come before B (AB), and B can come before A (BA) can happen same time (AB) and (BA) happen at the same moment.  The reason for that is the superposition. When the quantum system is in superpositions cases (AB) and (BA) can happen at the same time. And information can travel in both directions at the same time. That is called indefinite causal order (ICO).  In regular causality, the system acts like this:  (AB) (AB) (AB) (AB) The system must wait for (BA) can happen. (BA) (BA) (BA) (BA) This opposite case is possible only when the first case (AB) is completed.  In indefinite Causal order or non-centralized causal order:  (AB) (BA) (AB) (BA) Part of the system acts i

Particles from nowhere and XRBs ( X-ray Bursts) cause headaches for researchers.  Dark energy and tachyon hypothesis: is a hypothetical tachyon the source of that unique high-energy particle?  Telescope arrays noticed particles that seemed to be coming from nowhere. Or, the mystery particle's energy levels are much higher than other particles. Some of those high-energy particles are things, that seem not to come from this universe.  Some researchers explained those high-energy particles as the shockwaves that hypothetical tachyon particles create. When the tachyon's speed slows to the speed of light it turns photon. Then to neutrino or Higgs Boson. And after that, it turns to another particle.  Another version of this mythical particle is that it's the lowest energy particle in the fourth dimension. When it starts to slow its speed it faces a quantum field that denies particles cross the speed of light. And then, the same quantum field pushes tachyon back to it's tachyo

 Programmable bacteria can revolutionize medical work.  Programmable synthetic bacteria can be game-changers in many places from medical work to nature research and military applications. The customized cyborg bacteria can involve shell antigens that don't activate the immune system.  The price of robot bacteria is low. The cyborg bacteria cost is less than 1$. And that thing makes them suitable for multiple missions. In nature, researchers can use those cyborg bacteria to remove pollution. They can also research microcosmos like underwater lifeforms smaller than water droplets.  The cyborg bacteria can also operate as a recon tool. That slips in an enemy base and searches things that happen in there. Like full-scale robots, cyborg bacteria can act as swarms of full-scale drones. Cyborg bacteria swarms can clean polluted watercourse. They can observe many small things. And then those systems can act as the most brutal weapons. That humans ever created.  "Investigators are deve