Photoacoustic systems can be next-generation tools for medical and SONAR technology.

 Photoacoustic systems can be next-generation tools for medical and SONAR technology. 

The new switch technology allows them to make lasers with extremely accurately controlled energy transfer. Those femto- and attosecond lasers can give extremely short. Highly controlled energy load to the targeted object. The idea is that an ultra-fast switch can control nano-scale laser energy rays with very high accuracy. 

When a laser ray hits the water or tissue it causes expansion. We can hear that expansion as the soundwave. That system can use those soundwaves to map tissues or search mountains or submarines from underwater. In submarine search. The system aims laser rays at the water, and then the acoustic detectors, like lidar microphones observe the acoustic soundwaves that reflect from objects. In that system, lidar beams are targeted around the impact laser ray, and then that system observes the echo from the deep. 

"Recent research at Caltech has made significant improvements to a photoacoustic imaging technology called PATER, now evolved into PACTER ((Photoacoustic Computed Tomography Through an Ergodic Relay). This new version simplifies the technology by reducing the need for multiple sensors, enables three-dimensional imaging, and eliminates the necessity for calibration before each use. These advancements make the technology more practical and efficient for medical imaging applications. Credit: Caltech"(ScitecDaily.com/Echoes of Innovation: Caltech’s 3D Leap in Laser Photoacoustic Imaging)

That thing makes it possible to use aircraft or satellites to map underwater areas. Those so-called traditional photoacoustic systems use laser rays that aim to medium like water around the observable area. 

But new photoacoustic systems that use femto- or attosecond lasers can aim energy straight to observable objects. When the laser is aimed at the cell or some other thing, that thing causes a similar soundwave. The system can also use multiple sensors that are raound the object. If the object is in a ball-shaped chamber those systems can make the 3D sound image from the target. The system can use regular acoustic microphones or laser systems that observe reflecting sound waves. 

The idea is that the laser system can shoot laser rays that cover the entire cell. That thing doesn't make pressure waves in the cell. The photoacoustic pressure systems can make the counter-pressure for the cell so that it will not destroyed. 

And it makes stable energy rise in the entire structure. If the nano-scale laser ray hits some cell organelle it makes the soundwave in the cell. And then the system can use very small lidars to observe that thing. 

This kind of system can be in the cuff around the arm. Then doctors will put a catheter connected to the microcope in blood vessels. In that system the regular microcope is the aiming tool, and then fast operatign laser shoots laser beams to selected cells. The problem with this technology has been how the energy load can controlled. If the energy load in a cell rises too high it destroys the cell. 

And finally, these kinds of systems can make nanomachines fly. 

By the way, it's possible to use photoacoustic technology to move nanomachines. The nanomachine can look like blood cells or "flying sauces". There are some resonators like a nano-scale water droplet. And oscillating membrane in that system. Then lasers or microwaves will aim at those nanomachines. The oscillating membrane makes the sound- or pressure waves that move those extremely small machines in air and water. 

This kind of thing can make dust storms that whip out algae from their route and return water systems like eutrophicated lakes to good condition. In the military, this kind of system can create a sandstorm that destroys enemies from its route. This kind of technology is so multi-use that there are always military and civil applications for the same systems. 

https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/advancement-simplifies-laser-based-medical-imaging

https://scitechdaily.com/echoes-of-innovation-caltechs-3d-leap-in-laser-photoacoustic-imaging/