The new research aims to find the answer to the question: what makes matter mass?

“A new experiment offers intriguing clues about one of physics’ deepest questions: the origin of mass. By probing an exotic, short-lived nuclear state involving a heavy meson, researchers uncovered evidence that particle properties may shift inside dense nuclear matter. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, Where Does Mass Come From? Scientists Find Evidence of a New Exotic Nuclear State)

The mass is one of the biggest mysteries in physics. The question of what constitutes mass is a key element in physics. The mass has a straight connection. With gravity. There is a structure that binds quantum fields. Otherwise, it affects all three other fundamental interactions. When the matter binds quantum fields, the quantum field from outside tries to fill that space. And those fields pull particles and wave movement with them. This causes a situation that. Light can travel faster in a gravitational field than outside that field. This requires that the photon travels. 

To the gravitational center. The speed of light is relative. It’s relative to the speed at which its environment travels. So if the speed of the quantum field is 20 % of the speed of light, that means the photon travels 20 % faster if we compare its speed with the speed of a photon outside the quantum field. Because a photon is inside a quantum field, it travels in a gravitational field. It doesn’t break the laws of physics. When an object falls into a black hole through the event horizon. Its speed. Comparing with the environment is zero. 

When a photon or any other particle escapes from the gravitational field, its speed decreases. The impacting quantum field forms an electromagnetic shadow behind it. So the gravity center pulls energy out of the particle. So when a particle travels to the gravitational center. It will pull energy inside it. But when it escapes from that field, it must deliver as much energy as it got. 

But then. The particle tries to escape from that field. The particle must release or transfer as much energy to the field around it. As the field transitioned into it. When the speed of the field and the particle is precisely the same. The field cannot transfer energy into a particle. That is one of the reasons why nothing can escape from a black hole. The energy transition between particle and field ends. When they travel at the same speed. 

Impression of a photon rocket that could transport people to stars somewhere in the distant future. 

What if the gravitational center suddenly disappears? The particle will not need to deliver the energy that it got when it fell to the gravitational center. 

When a particle tries to escape from a black hole, the quantum field creates a shockwave ahead of it. If a particle tries to stop and turn around, the wave forms at the front of it. Another thing is the quantum shadow behind it. And that shadow pulls energy out of it. When the field travels .To the gravity center. With a speed 20% of the speed of light, the impact speed of the static particle and field is 20% of the speed of light. 

This means that the photon’s speed is 20 % lower if we compare the escaping photon’s speed with the speed of a photon that travels outside the gravity field. The photon can travel faster than other photons when it travels to a gravitational center. So, the photon that escapes from a black hole needs to use as much energy as it had when it traveled to the gravitational center. 

This paradox causes an interesting idea about crossing the speed of light. The speed of light is the cosmic speed limit. But if the fields travel to the gravitational center. With a speed. That is about 30% of the speed of light. And the speed of the hypothetical craft. It is about 75-80% of the speed of light; there is a possibility. The craft detonates the gravitational center. This means that the gravitational effect disappears. And that thing removes the need to deliver energy for escaping the gravity center. 

The explosion forms the impacting field. That speed is near the speed of light. And that causes a situation where the impact speed with craft and field is higher than the speed of light. 

Gravitation pulls objects. Like a river pulls woods and other things with it. There is a theory. That. There is a tornado-shaped structure or a small black hole in the middle of each particle. This means that particles are the halos of the quantum-sized black holes. The thing that makes those theories interesting is that reseachers in Brookhaven National Laboratories created quarks by colliding composite particles called hyperons. 

Those impacts formed quark-antiquark pairs. And the Brookhaven staff. Can detect those particle-antiparticle pairs from debris. Those collisions formed. The thing is that hyperons form quark-antiquark pairs when. It decays into two particles. The spin of those particles is opposite. And that makes them particle-antiparticle pairs. The effect that forms matter straight from energy. Or wave movement called the Schwinger effect. 

Colliding quantum fields form the whirl that starts to condense. That whirl forms in the borders of those impacting fields. The question is, what stabilizes those whirls or balls? The thing that stabilizes them is the thing that gives mass to matter. The matter is a condensed quantum field. But what condenses it? And what binds quantum fields in matter? 

Quantum fields are the common name for the four fundamental interactions. The time dilation and its connection. Mass and gravitation are well-known. The reason for that is that gravitation condenses quantum fields. And that thing slows the particle’s evaporation. Condensed quantum fields are the result, not the reason, for something that binds those fields. This means that gravitation interacts similarly with all other fundamental interactions. And that makes mass and gravitation interesting things. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-observe-particles-emerging-from-nothing

https://scitechdaily.com/where-does-mass-come-from-scientists-find-evidence-of-a-new-exotic-nuclear-state/

AI will bring the next generation of math.

AI will revolutionize mathematics. This tool brings new types of accuracy for calculations. When mathematicians try to prove some math problems right or wrong. The system. It can be used for extremely long quantum decimal numbers that can prove formulas true or false. Another thing is that even if the AI finds the zero points in things. Like the Riemann Zeta function (Riemann Hypothesis), that doesn’t make it an unusable tool. 

The AI can have many ways. To use that function. The simplest way is that. The AI will not use those points in the zeta function. 

The AI can create prime numbers in the computer memory. So. In those cases, the system can transform those prime numbers into a series. The system. It can delete all numbers other than prime numbers from that series. The system. It can put those numbers into the frame. And then mix their locations in the series. When the system requires encryption. It must only send. The number of the frame. There is a prime number that the encryptor requires. If those numbers are in a table that looks like a chessboard. 

The transmitter must only tell. It uses the prime number from frame G:2. The golden rule is that the key must not be sent with the message. So, the system can be random. The tables that it will use. Then it sends those tables to the receiver. And then. The system that decrypts data can find the same binary number. 

The simple encryption table. It could look like this. (Quanta)  

The attacking system doesn’t know what prime numbers the encryption system used. If the attacking system uses a brute force attack, it tries to guess the right prime number. And we know that things like algorithms are not guessing. They try each number to open the message. The system can also cut the data line into pieces. And use different prime numbers for each data package. The system can use multilevel encryption. 

That means that. The first stage of encryption happens. When the message is left on a personal computer. Then at the point of the router, the system can use another count by using random prime numbers. And there can be multiple systems that count and share information. And the message. It can also travel by using different physical lines. 

The system that receives information. That can use decryption in similar points. As the encryptor encrypted the data. A router-computer can divide the numbers in the message. The transmitter router is used for encryption. Then the final decryption happens on a personal computer. The system can share encryption and decryption for different independent systems. That minimizes damages. If a code-breaking catastrophe occurs in one system. The other systems can stand the attack. The attacker must find and break all of those systems separately. 

When AI calculates things like azimuth angles. It can use extremely high accuracy for those numbers. This kind of accuracy brings new ideas for geometry. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-ai-revolution-in-math-has-arrived-20260413/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis

What if dark matter has more than one form?

"In the constellation Ursa Major, the Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101) is surrounded by smaller companions, including the irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 5477. Hubble observations reveal regions of active star formation within NGC 5477, while also capturing distant galaxies shining through it, highlighting the vast emptiness within galactic structures. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Matter Has Two Forms? Bold New Hypothesis Could Explain a Cosmic Mystery)

This means that dark matter could be more than one or two things. This means that dark matter can be some kind of particle. Or it could be the whirl in gravitational fields. In the last cases, the quantum fields that interact with each other can form vortices in each other. The effect could be similar. As in the cases where two rivers connect to each other. When water from a tributary impacts the main river, a whirl forms. And. In the same way, when a quantum field. Impact at a certain angle. There should form similar whirls, and maybe those whirls explain some part of dark matter. 

Also. The fast-spinning particles that form the quantum tornado can form an effect that we see as dark matter. Dark matter. It is a mysterious gravitational effect. And one thing. That. We might think that whirls in the impacting gravitational waves can also explain that mysterious gravitational effect. 

But then. There are theories that quantum-sized black holes can form dark matter. The black hole is more than just the event horizon and material disk. The black hole forms a giant whirl at its spinning axle. Those whirls can put quantum fields into motion. 

"New research suggests that in reduced dimensions, particles can defy the usual boson–fermion divide by exhibiting tunable, intermediate quantum properties. These findings hint at previously unexplored forms of matter and set the stage for experiments probing the deeper structure of the quantum world. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Discover a Strange New Kind of One-Dimensional Particle)

There is a possibility that extremely fast-spinning 2D particles can also be behind dark matter. In that case, the edge of the saucer-shaped, fast-spinning particles drives energy out from the particle. That causes a similar effect. A fast-spinning plate causes water. That forms a whirl that can pull things inside it. And a fast-spinning particle can form a similar whirl in the quantum fields. 

Also. Things like gamma-rays. That travel through particles and atoms can raise their mass. Things like cosmic voids can also form an effect. That seems like gravity. The differences in the strengths of quantum fields can also put energy into motion. This means that some parts of the dark matter can be virtual. The effect. That form. When those quantum fields have differences in their strength. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-discover-a-strange-new-kind-of-one-dimensional-particle/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-matter-has-two-forms-bold-new-hypothesis-could-explain-a-cosmic-mystery/

Could gravity waves form dark matter?

"Faint gravitational waves from the universe’s infancy may hold clues to how dark matter first formed. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, New Study Suggests Gravitational Waves May Have Created Dark Matter) 

If dark matter is whirling in quantum fields. Because. Of. Impacting gravity waves. That means dark matter is a virtual matter. The idea is that. Impacting gravitational. Or gravity fields form similar whirls. In their impact. Point as air flows. 

 The idea is that whirls in quantum fields can act like virtual particles. Those whirls form around the lower energy quantum field. Those whirls put energy or quantum field into motion. They act. In the same way as tornadoes and hurricanes act in the atmosphere. Moving structures bind energy, and that makes those structures lower energy than their environment. Those structures transport energy away from the point where they are. This makes those whirls or their wall seem cold. But. The energy or wave movement can travel into that whirl. So, only the wall of the whirl is the structure that binds energy. And that structure forms more whirls in the impact area. 

Could dark matter simply be whirl in quantum fields? If there is a whirl in the quantum field, that whirl can theoretically form the “Kugelblitz black hole”. Or a black hole that forms because of radiation. There is a possibility that if something emits a very high-energy radiation. Into a single photon. That thing can turn a photon into a black hole. The idea is that when that photon receives energy. Sooner or later, it releases it. When a photon sends energy. It forms a quantum void. Then, outside energy starts to fill that bubble. If that bubble is fully symmetrical, it pumps energy to that photon. 

A photon stores that energy into its spinning movement. And then. If a photon cannot transport energy out from it through the whirl, it turns into a black hole. The mass and energy in the photon rise until it can release that energy. The speed of the spin accelerates until the photon can release that energy. 

The falling quantum field turns that photon into a black hole if it is collected from an area that is large enough that the energy level in the photon rises so high that it turns into a black hole. When that happens. The photon must form so large whirls around it. It cannot remove its energy through that whirl. The spinning speed of the photon accelerates. When that whirl transports energy into it. 

So could the whirl in the quantum field explain dark matter? Theoretically, this kind of quantum spin can turn into a black hole in a similar way as a photon in the theoretical “Kugelblitz” black hole model. 

In this text, I will repeat the word “whirl”. The idea is that the dark matter could be the whirl in the quantum field. When a quantum field moves, it forms a series of whirls in the impact point. This means all particles can be surrounded by whirls. In the same way, when quantum fields impact other quantum fields. Their form whirls in the impact layer. This means that. Also, macro-scale quantum fields form whirls at the point. There those. Traveling quantum fields touch other quantum fields. In some cases, the whirl can be separated from the point where it is born. 

This thing happens. In the rivers, so if we transfer that model to the quantum environment. The whirl around the gravitational center can also be separated and form the traveling whirl that acts like a gravitational center or particle. We can think that the high-power energy strike hits the particle.  That energy spins a particle, and that forms the quantum tornado. This quantum tornado can form a low-energy point. That accumulates quantum fields that try to fill it. 

The gravitational centers are surrounded by whirls. The whirls are matter that travels to the center of gravity. Whirl is never alone. On the borderline of a whirl, that thing forms smaller whirls. So, if we think that gravitational fields are forming quantum whirls, then that thing can form a phenomenon that looks like material. 

Jupiter’s clouds. The idea is that impacting quantum fields, including gravity, can form similar whirls in the impact point. There, the traveling field impacts and speed of those impacting fields, or their direction is opposite. We can see how impact points between clouds form whirls. 

And we can transform that model into the quantum fields, including gravity. When two gravity fields impact, they form similar whirls. And those whirls pack quantum fields into them. So, if that whirl model is real, those whirls in the quantum field can pack matter or energy into them. 

When we consider cases, there are quantum fields that impact and form whirls. The walls of those quantum whirls are pulling energy out from the middle of the whirls. And that causes a situation where quantum fields travel to those quantum whirls. When a gravitational wave travels. All over the universe, it also has an impact point.

When we look at an image of Jupiter’s clouds, we see whirls. In the same way, gravitational waves can form whirls. The whirls in the impact layer of the quantum fields. If that kind of quantum whirls. Surrounding the impact layer of the universe, which explains why we cannot see other universes. Also, we can think. The whirl around the particles is forming a series of whirls in the quantum field. So, that means quantum strings can also be like extremely thin quantum tornadoes. The spinning structure binds quantum fields from their environment. And that can make those structures act. Like they are material. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

There is something strange in samples from asteroid Bennu.

“A view of eight sample trays containing the final material from asteroid Bennu. The dust and rocks were poured into the trays from the top plate of the Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM) head. 51.2 grams were collected from this pour, bringing the final mass of asteroid sample to 121.6 grams. Credit: NASA/Erika Blumenfeld & Joseph Aebersold” (ScitechDaily, NASA Just Found Something Strange Inside Asteroid Bennu Sample)

Reseachers. Made a lot of work. With the samples that OSIRIS REx brought from Asteroid Bennu. 

“Their results show that the distribution of organic matter and minerals is uneven. Instead of being mixed uniformly, the material forms three recurring types of organic–mineral regions. One region is dominated by aliphatic organic compounds, another contains abundant carbonate minerals, and a third is rich in nitrogen-containing organic compounds.”(ScitechDaily, NASA Just Found Something Strange Inside Asteroid Bennu Sample)

“Evidence of Water Shaping Bennu’s Chemistry. This uneven, nanoscale structure indicates that water did not affect Bennu in a single Uniform way. Instead, water interacted differently in separate areas, producing a patchwork of chemical environments across the asteroid.”(ScitechDaily, NASA Just Found Something Strange Inside Asteroid Bennu Sample)

“Bennu sample OREX-800066-3 under near-field optical microscope during nanoscale infrared analysis. The metallic tip (top center) of the scanning near-field optical microscope probes the sample’s chemical composition at ~20-nanometer resolution, revealing distinct organic-mineral domains within this Bennu fragment returned to Earth by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission in September 2023. Credit: Mehmet Yesiltas” (ScitechDaily, NASA Just Found Something Strange Inside Asteroid Bennu Sample)

“NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft leaving the surface of asteroid Bennu after collecting a sample. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab/SVS” (ScitechDaily, NASA Just Found Something Strange Inside Asteroid Bennu Sample

Could Bennu have been covered in water somewhere in its youth? That is possible if Bennu was part of a planet or an ice asteroid. There were planets in the young solar system that no longer exist. Asteroid impacts turn those young planets into asteroids. 

Reseachers found marks of the liquid water effect in samples from asteroid Bennu. There are two ways in which those markings could form. The first one is that maybe Bennu impacted with water ice. And the impact formed liquid water on that asteroid. The second, and far more interesting, is that maybe Bennu was part of an ancient planet or icy asteroid. Then, some cosmic disaster caused that ancient planet to turn into dust. And maybe. Bennu is the remnant of the planet that was destroyed a long time ago. Those marks are interesting in both cases. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-just-found-something-strange-inside-asteroid-bennu-sample/